Local causes of colour-development, 216
Locusts, richly coloured tropical, 94
Longicorns, 95

Lophornis ornatus, very pugnacious,

214

Lord Howe's Island, white rail in, 264
Lubbock, Sir John, on colour percep-
tion in insects, 255

MACAWS, 100

M.

Madagascar, white-marked butterflies
of, 260

Madagascar once united to Africa, 325
Madagascar and Malaya, resemblances
of fauna of, 328

Male birds, origin of ornamental plum-
age of, 205

Male birds which incubate, 212
Male humming-birds produce a shriller
sound, 215

Males, theory of display of ornaments
by, 207

Malva sylvestris, M. rotundifolia, 233
Mammals, 116

Mammalia, supposed variations of, com-
parable to those of butterflies, 261

local resemblances of, in Africa, 262
Mammalia of Palearctic Region, 315
of Ethiopian Region, 317
of Oriental Region, 319

of miocene period in Euro-Asia,