71 Bread and pastry cooking trade board-Brisbane.. 72 Saddle, harness, and collar making trade board for the southeastern division. 73 Masters and engineers of river and bay steamboats and barges, Brisbane board for. 74 Shop assistants' board-Brisbane.. 75 Gas stoking industry board-Brisbane.. 76 77 House painting and decorating trade board-Brisbane. 78 Hairdressing industry board-Brisbane.. 79 Tinsmithing trade board-Brisbane... 80 Chemists assistants' board-Brisbane. 81 Men's and boys' clothing board-Brisbane.. Carting trade board for the central division. Storemen for the central division, board for. 82 83 84 Tramways employees' industry board-Brisbane. Employees.. 22 288 42 602 38 790 41 554 35 318 86 85 Carpentry and joinery trade board for the central division. Furniture trade board-Brisbane.... The wages-board system was in 1912 replaced by a system of industrial or wages boards with an arbitration court, by the industrial peace act of 1912. The immediate cause of this legislation was a general strike in 1912 which for a time paralyzed the industries of the country The industrial boards are constituted by the governor in council on recommendation of the industrial court, but without any preliminary parliamentary resolution. The members of the boards are appointed by the governor in council after an election of their representatives by the employers and employees, respectively. Each board elects its own chairman. The jurisdiction of the boards extends to any industrial matter or dispute in connection with the industry or calling for which the board was created. The act of 1912 created an industrial court, consisting of a judge appointed by the governor in council. Appeal may be taken from the awards of the industrial boards to this court. The court has power also in case of any willful or unnecessary delay on the part of the board to take over all questions in the hands of the board and to exercise the functions of the board and issue an award in the place of the board. The court also has jurisdiction over any industrial matters and industrial disputes which may be submitted to it by the minister or by an employer employing not less than 20 persons, or by not less than 20 employees in any calling. In such a case the court exercises the powers and authority of a board and as such makes awards and orders. At the end of April, 1914, it was reported that 92 industrial boards had been authorized, of which 81 were at that time in existence. The number of awards in force was 76. On June 30, 1914, the number of employees affected by the 92 awards then in force was 90,000. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Minimum-wage legislation in South Australia dates from the factories act of December 5, 1900. As in most of the other Australian States, the special purpose of the act was to do away with sweating, which according to the reports of the chief inspector of factories was prevalent in the clothing trades. The chief inspector reported that he had even found that manufacturers in other Australian States were shipping their materials to South Australia to be made up at the very low rates there prevailing and to be returned to those States and sold. In form the South Australia act of 1900 was modeled on the Victorian legislation. A statutory minimum of 4s. (97.3 cents) a week was fixed and the establishment of wages boards was authorized for factory and outworkers engaged in the manufacture of: (1) White work, (2) boots and shoes, (3) furniture, (4) bread, and "such other manufacturing trades or businesses as may be from time to time fixed and determined by resolution of Parliament." The act was to go into effect as soon as regulations were accepted by Parliament. Regulations were drawn up and submitted to Parliament in 1901. The proposed regulations, however, were not approved, and it was not until 1905 that the appointment of any boards was secured. This, however, was not under the act of 1900, but under the act of 1904, applying only to clothing and white work and including all females, and males under 21. The first determination under the clothing board was issued December 1, 1905. The determination of the shirt-making and white-work board was issued early in 1906. Even then, because of opposition and defects disclosed in the act, the determinations were held invalid. The report of the chief factory inspector, however, shows that many of the manufacturers conformed to the rates fixed by the boards. In 1906 Parliament provided for boards similar to the Victorian model in 8 trades, namely, bread making, boots, brick making, butchering, dressmaking, carriers and drivers, furniture making, and shirt making and white work. Boards were at once appointed in these 8 trades and determinations became effective in September, 1906. In 1907 the various factory acts were consolidated in the factories act of 1907, in effect January 1, 1908, under which it was necessary to draw up new regulations. Opposition to the enforcement of the act again developed and the regulations were withdrawn in Parliament. New regulations were approved under date of September 30, 1908, from which the actual beginning of operations of the wages-board system in South Australia may be said to date. The industrial arbitration act of 1912, enacted December 19, 1912, substituted for the wages-board system formerly in effect a mixed system of wages boards and an industrial court resembling that of the New South Wales act of 1912. Under the new law the wages boards were continued, but were subordinate to the industrial court, whose powers were made considerably broader than those formerly granted to the wages boards under the old system. The boards, however, are not appointed on the recommendation of the industrial court as in New South Wales, but by the governor in council upon the nomination of employers and employees, respectively. The boards nominate their president, who is then appointed by the governor. As in most of the Australian States the basis which the boards use in fixing the minimum wage is the "living wage." The South Australian act provides that "the court shall not have power to order or prescribe wages which do not secure to the employees affected a living wage. 'Living wage' means a sum sufficient for the normal and reasonable needs of the average employee living in the locality where the work under consideration is done or is to be done." At the end of April, 1914, it was reported that 56 boards had been authorized, 51 of which were at that date in existence. Approximately 25,000 employees were in the trades which had been brought under the jurisdiction of boards. At the same date 54 determinations were in force, 6 of which had been made by the industrial court after the minister of industry had reported the inability to appoint boards as provided for by the law or the failure of the duly appointed boards to discharge the duties in accordance with their appointment. TASMANIA. Tasmania was the last of the Australian States to adopt minimum-wage legislation. The wages board act of 1910 (January 13, 1911), which came into operation March 31, 1911, followed the Victorian model, but applied only to clothing and wearing apparel, including boots and shoes. The system could be extended to other trades only by parliamentary authorization. In 1912 Parliament authorized the creation of 19 additional boards, as follows: The wages boards are appointed by the governor in council on nominations by employers and employees. As in Victoria, each board consists of not less than 4 nor more than 10 members and a chairman, selected either by the members, or in case of default in selection, appointed by the governor. At the end of April, 1914, 23 boards had been authorized and 21 were in existence. The act provides for no court of appeal, but permits an appeal to the supreme court on grounds of legality. The minister of labor, however, is authorized to suspend or refer back for reconsideration any determination. The act also forbids a lockout or strike on account of any matter in respect to which a board has made a determination. For violation of this provision severe penalties are imposed, namely: In the case of an organization £500 ($2,433.25) and in the case of an individual £20 ($97.33). As originally passed, the act of 1910 provided that the minimum wage to be fixed should be based on and could not exceed "the |