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10. (a) Who were Machiavel, Friar Clement, Ravaillac? (b) KING HENRY-"It may be, his enemy is a gentleman of great sort, quite from the answer of his degree."

Give briefly the circumstances which introduce and immediately follow this speech.

11. (a) Give examples of Norman words introduced into English and relating to

war, church, law, chace.

(b) Define mood, and give illustrative sentences as examples.

(c) According to Dr. Johnson, from which of the English dialects has Modern English sprung?

12. Write briefly the argument of Bacon's Essay on Custom and Education.

13. Write an Essay on-Anger.

HISTORY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Explain the causes which in England led (a) to the introduction and development and (b) to the decay of the system of villenage.

2. Explain the causes which in England led to the abolition of the system of feudal tenures.

3. Explain the causes which in England led to the Great Rebellion.

4. Explain the causes which in England led to the Revolution.

5. Who was the so-called "English Justinian"? Discuss his claims to the title.

6. Enumerate the principal trade wars in which during the past three centuries England has been engaged, giving in each case the date, the name of the opposing power, and the general result.

7. Give an account of the foreign relations of England under the Commonwealth.

8. Trace the influence exercised upon English history by Louis the Fourteenth.

9. What rights in addition to his ordinary political franchise belonged to the civis optimo jure? What was meant by Latinitas?

10. Which do you consider the most critical epoch of Roman history, and for what reasons?

11. Give an estimate of the causes which in Greece produced so high an order of intellectual preeminence.

12. Trace the rise of the naval power of Athens.

1. Translate

FRENCH.

The Board of Examiners.

(a) Le chancelier Bacon avait montré de loin la route qu'on pouvait tenir; Galilée avait découvert les lois de la chute des corps; Torricelli commençait à connaître la pesanteur de l'air qui nous environne; on avait fait quelques expériences à Magdebourg: avec ces faibles essais toutes les écoles restaient dans l'absurdité, et le monde dans l'ignorance. Descartes parut alors: il fit le contraire de ce qu'on devait faire; au lieu d'étudier la nature, il voulut la deviner. Il était le plus grand géomètre de son siècle; mais la géométrie laisse l'esprit comme elle le trouve: celui de Descartes était trop porté à l'invention; le premier des mathématiciens ne fit guère que des romans de philosophie. Un homme qui dédaigna les expériences, qui ne cita jamais Galilée, qui voulait bâtir sans matériaux, ne pouvait élever qu'un édifice imaginaire.-Voltaire.

(b) "Quelle idée as-tu de commencer la campagne au milieu de l'été? Il n'y a pas un chat à Paris."

"Laisse-moi faire! Dès que mon nid sera installé, je partirai pour les eaux de Vichy. Les connaissances se font vite aux eaux; on se lie, on s'invite pour l'hiver prochain. J'ai pensé à tout, et mon siége est fait. Dire que dans quinze jours, j'en aurai fini avec cet affreux Quartier Latin!"

"Où nous avons passé de si bons moments!" "Nous croyions nous amuser, parce que nous ne nous y connaissions pas. Est-ce que tu trouves ce poulet mangeable, toi!"

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Excellent, mon cher."

"Atroce! à propos, j'ai une cuisinière: un garçon à marier dîne en ville, mais il déjeune chez lui. Reste à trouver un domestique. n'as personne à m'indiquer?"

Tu

"Parbleu! je suis fâché d'être à l'école pour dix-huit mois. Je me serais proposé moi-même, tant je trouve que tu feras un maître magnifique.' -Edmond About.

(c) Esther

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Les Juifs à d'autres dieux osèrent s'adresser:
Rois, peuples, en un jour tout se vit disperser;
Sous les Assyriens leur triste servitude
Devint le juste prix de leur ingratitude.
Mais, pour punir enfin nos maîtres à leur tour,
Dieu fit choix de Cyrus avant qu'il vît le jour,
L'appela par son nom, le promit à la terre,
Le fit naître, et soudain l'arma de son tonnerre,
Brisa les fiers remparts et les portes d'airain,
Mit des superbes rois la dépouille en sa main,
De son temple détruit vengea sur eux l'injure:
Babylone paya nos pleurs avec usure.
Cyrus, par lui vainqueur, publia ses bienfaits,
Regarda notre peuple avec des yeux
de paix,
Nous rendit et nos lois et nos fêtes divines;
Et le temple déjà sortait de ses ruines.

2. Translate into French

-Racine.

(a) Towards nightfall we had made about fiveand-twenty miles, and camped at a point where

the river entered upon the gorge. The weather
was delightfully warm, considering that it was
verging towards autumn, and that the valley in
which we were encamped must have been at
least two thousand feet above the level of the
sea. The river-bed was here about a mile and a
half broad, and entirely covered with shingle
over which the river ran in many winding
channels glistening in the sun.
The latter were

too deep and rapid for even a strong man tó ford
on foot, but could be crossed safely on horseback.
The beauty of the scene cannot be conveyed in
language. On one side of the valley the hills
and mountain tops loomed through the blue
evening shadows, while the other was still bril-
liant with the sunset gold.

(b) "He that travelleth into a country, before he hath some entrance into (knowledge of) the language, goeth to school and not to travel.. It is a strange thing that, in sea voyages, where there is nothing to be seen but sky and sea, men should make diaries; but in land travel, wherein so much is to be observed, for the most part they omit it, as if chance were fitter to be registered than observation. Let diaries therefore be brought in use. The things to be seen are the Courts of Princes, especially where they give audience to ambassadors Let a young man not stay long in one city, more or less, as the place deserveth, but not long."Bacon's Essays.

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(c) The large body of natives under Osman Digna, who have for some time past occupied an entrenched position in the neighbourhood of Suakim, continue to make desultory attacks on the

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