31.2

The University of Chicago

FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

THE SOCIAL PROBLEM AT THE CHICAGO
STOCK YARDS

GRADUATE

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTIES OF THE
SCHOOLS OF ARTS, LITERATURE, AND SCIENCE, IN CANDIDACY
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

(DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY)

BY

CHARLES J. BUSHNELL

LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR
UNIVERSITY

CHICAGO

The University of Chicago Press

1902

To

My Parents

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION

Statement of the special problem of the study. Definition of the leading con-

ception - democracy. Reason for selecting the field of large-scale industry.

Definition of the conception of freedom. Influence of this conception in

modern business. Comparison of the claims of individualism and of social-

ism. Reason for choosing the Chicago Stock Yards as the special subject

of study. Methods of investigation employed. Outline of the treatment.

CHAPTER I.

INDUSTRY AT THE CHICAGO STOCK YARDS.

SECTION I. The Magnitude and Development of the Live-Stock and

Meat-Packing Industry of Chicago

-

General statement: Table I, showing Chicago's supremacy as the live-stock
and meat-packing market of the world in 1900. History of the local live-
stock trade. Influence upon the West. Maps 1, 2, and 3, showing expan-
sion of the meat-packing business for the last half-century, by twenty-year
periods.

SECTION II. Methods and Processes of the Packing Industry at Chicago,

Historic review. Refrigeration, canning, evolution of by-products. Buying,

government inspection, killing, dressing ("Kosher meat"), canning pro-

cesses, by-product manufacture. Illustrations from photographs.

SECTION III. Management and Organization of the Packing Industry at

Chicago -

Three chief agencies: the Union Stock Yard and Transit Co., the Live-

Stock Exchange, the packing plants. Organization of a typical packing

house.

SECTION IV. Benefits to Democracy by the Live-Stock and Meat-Pack-

ing Industry at Chicago-

General commercial benefits, general social benefits.

CHAPTER II.

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THE STOCK YARD COMMUNITY AT CHICAGO.

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PURPOSE OF THE CHAPTER

SECTION V. Geographical and Ethnic Aspects of the Stock Yard Com-

munity

Map 4, indicating the geographical relation of the largest industries of

the city to the districts of greatest child-mortality, overcrowding, foreign

population, lack of sanitation, criminality (as shown by arrests), ignorance,

V