. CHAPTER X.

• THE PALEARCTIC REGION.

Zoological Characteristics of the Palearctic Region (p. 181)—Summary of Palæ-

arctic Vertebrata (p. 186)-Insects (p. 187)-Land-shells (p. 190)—The Palæ-

arctic Sub-regions (p. 190)-Central and Northern Europe (p. 191)-North

European Islands (p. 197)-Mediterranean Sub-region (p. 199)-The Mediter

ranean and Atlantic Islands (p. 206) -The Siberian Sub-region, or Northern

Asia (p. 216)-Japan and North China, or the Manchurian Sub-region (p. 220)

-Birds (p. 223)-Insects (p. 227)-Remarks on the General Character of the
Fauna of Japan (p. 230)-General Conclusions as to the Fauna of the Palæ-
arctic Region (p. 231)-Table I. Families of Animals inhabiting the Palæ-

.arctic Region (p. 234)-Table II. List of the Genera of Terrestrial Mammalia

and Birds of the Palearctic Region (p. 239)
181-250

CHAPTER XI.

THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.

Zoological Characteristics of the Ethiopian Region (p. 252)-Summary of Ethio-

pian Vertebrates (p. 255)-The Ethiopian Sub-regions (p. 258)-The East

African Sub-region, or Central and East Africa (p. 258)-The West African

Sub-region (p. 262)—Islands of the West African Sub-region (p. 265)—South

African Sub-region (p. 266)—Atlantic Islands of the Ethiopian Region ;-St.

Helena (p. 269)-Tristan d'Acunha (p. 271)-Madagascar and the Mascarene

Islands, or the Malagasy Sub-region (p. 272)—The Mascarene Islands (p. 280)

-Extinct Fauna of the Mascarene Islands and Madagascar (p. 282)-General

Remarks on the Insect Fauna of Madagascar (p. 284)-On the probable Past

History of the Ethiopian Region (p. 285)-Table I. Families of Animals

inhabiting the Ethiopian Region (p. 294)-Table II. List of Genera of Ter-

restrial Mammalia and Birds of the Ethiopian Region (p. 300). 251-313

CHAPTER XII.

THE ORIENTAL REGION.

Zoological Characteristics of the Oriental Region (p. 315)—Summary of Oriental

Vertebrata (p. 318)-The Oriental Sub-regions (p. 321)-Hindostan, or Indian

Sub-region (p. 321)-Range of the Genera of Mammalia which inhabit the Sub-

region of Hindostan (p. 322)—Oriental, Palæarctic, and Ethiopian Genera of

Birds in Central India (p. 224)-Sub-region of Ceylon and South India

(p. 326)-The Past History of Ceylon and South India, as indicated by its Fauna

(p. 328)-Himalayan or Indo-Chinese Sub-region (p. 329)-Islands of the

Indo-Chinese Sub-region (p. 333)-Indo-Malaya, or the Malayan Sub-region

(p. 334) Malayan Insects (p. 341)-The Zoological Relations of the several

Islands of the Indo-Malay Sub-region (p. 345)-Philippine Islands (p. 345)—

Java (p. 349)-Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo (p. 353)- Probable recent Geo-

graphical Changes in the Indo-Malay Islands (p. 357)—Probable Origin of the

Malayan Fauna (p. 359)—Concluding Remarks on the Oriental Region (p. 362)

-Table I. Families of Animals inhabiting the Oriental Region (p. 365)—

Table II. Genera of Terrestrial Mammalia and Birds in the Oriental Re-

gion (p. 371)

314-386

CHAPTER XIII.

THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.

General Zoological Characteristics of the Australian Region (p. 390)—Summary

of the Australian Vertebrata (p. 397)-Supposed Land-connection between

Australia and South America (p. 398)—Insects (p. 403)—Land shells (p. 407)

-Australian Sub-regions (p. 408)-Austro-Malayan Sub-region (p. 409)—

Papua, or the New Guinea Group (p. 409)-The Moluccas (p. 417)—Insects-

Peculiarities of the Moluccan Fauna (p. 420)-Timor Group (p. 422)-

Celebes Group (p. 426)—Origin of the Fauna of Celebes (p. 436)— Australia

and Tasmania, or the Australian Sub-region (p. 438) The Pacific Islands, or

Polynesian Sub-region (p. 442)-Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa Islands (p. 443)—

Society and Marquesas Islands (p. 443)-Ladrone and Caroline Islands (p. 444)

-New Caledonia and the New Hebrides (p. 444)-Sandwich Islands (p. 445)

-Reptiles of the Polynesian Sub-region (p. 448)-New Zealand Sub-region

(p. 449)-Islets of the New Zealand Sub-region (p. 453)-Reptiles, Amphibia,

and Fresh-water Fishes (p. 456)-Insects (p. 457)—The Ancient Fauna of New

Zealand (p. 459)—The Origin of the New Zealand Fauna (p. 459)-Causes of

the Poverty of Insect-life in New Zealand: its Influence on the Character of

the Flora (p. 462)—Concluding Remarks on the Early History of the Austra-

lian Region (p. 464)-Table I. Families of Animals inhabiting the Australian

Region (p. 468)-Table II. Genera of Terrestrial Mammalia and Birds of the

Australian Region (p. 473)

387-485

489-503

&

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOL. I.

1. Map of the World, showing the Zoo-Geographical Regions and the contour of the Ocean-bed

Frontispiece
To face page

3. Plate I. The Alps of Central Europe with Characteristic Animals 195 4. Plate II. Characteristic Mammalia of Western Tartary.

218

8. Plate V. Scene in West Africa with Characteristic Animals

9. Plate VI. Scene in Madagascar with Characteristic Animals 10. Map of the Oriental Region

11. Plate VII. Scene in Nepaul with Characteristic Animals
12. Plate VIII. A Forest in Borneo with Characteristic Mammalia.
13. Plate IX. A Malacca Forest with some of its Peculiar Birds
14. Map of the Australian Region

331

337

340

15. Plate X. Scene in New Guinea with Characteristic Animals. 16. Plate XI. The Characteristic Mammalia of Tasmania

17. Plate XII. The Plains of New South Wales with Characteristic Ani

18. Plate XIII. Scene in New Zealand with some of its Remarkable Birds

455