as lying at the pool for the moving of the waters.

But when

he the Spirit of truth cometh, these coverings will be stripped from off the face, and these refuges of lies will fail.*

V. GOD HAS THREATENED AND INFLICTED THE MOST AWFUL PUNISHMENTS ON SINNERS, FOR THEIR NOT BELIEVING ON THE LORD JESUS CHRIST.

It is here taken for granted, that nothing but sin can be the cause of God's inflieting punishment: and nothing can be sin, which is not a breach of duty.

Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized, shall be saved; BUT HE THAT BELIEVETH NOT, SHALL BE DAMNED.t This awful passage appears to be a kind of ultimatum, or last resolve. It is as if our Lord had said, 'This is your message go and proclaim it to all nations: whosoever receives it, and submits to my authority, assure him, from me, that eternal salvation awaits him: but whosoever rejects it, let him see to it . . . . damnation shall be his portion! Believing and not believing, in this passage, serve to explaín each other. It is saving faith to which salvation is promised; and to the want of this it is that damnation is threatened.

It has been alleged, that, "as it is not inferrible, from that declaration, that the faith of believers is the procuring cause of their salvation; so it is not to be inferred, from thence, that the want of that special faith in unbelievers is the procuring cause of their damnation. That declaration contains in it the descriptive characters of those who are saved, and of those who are damned; but it assigns not special faith to be the procuring cause of the salvation of the former, nor the want of it to be the procuring cause of the damnation of the latter."

But, if this mode of reasoning were admitted, we should find it very difficult, if not impossible, to prove any thing to be evil, from the threatenings of God against it. A multitude of plain texts of scripture, wherein sin, as any com

* See Charnock's excellent discourse, on Unbelief the Greatest Sin, from the above passage, Vol. 1 of his Works.

Mark xvi. 15, 16.

Mr. Brine's Motives to Love and Unity, pp. 31, 32.

mon reader would suppose, is threatened with punishment, might, in this manner, be made to teach nothing with regard to its being the procuring cause of it. For example, Psalm xxxvii. 18. 20. The Lord knoweth the days of the upright; and their inheritance shall be for ever. But the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the Lord shall be as the fat of lambs: they shall consume; into smoke shall they consume away. But it might be said, as the uprightness of the upright is not the procuring cause of his enjoying an everlasting inheritance; so neither will this prove that the wickedness of the wicked, or the enmity of the Lord's enemies, is the procuring cause of their being consumed. Again, Psalm cxlvii. 6. The Lord lifteth up the meek: he casteth the wicked down to the ground. But it might be alleged, that, as the meekness of the former is not the procuring cause of his being lifted up; so it cannot be, from hence, inferred, that the wickedness of the latter is the procuring cause of his being cast down. Again, Psalm cxlv. 20. The Lord preserv eth all them that love him: but all the wicked will he destroy. But it might be said, as the love of the one is not the procuring cause of his preservation; so it cannot be proved, from hence, that the wickedness of the other is the procuring cause of his destruction; and that these declarations contain only the descriptive characters of those who are saved, and of those who perish.

In this manner, almost all the threatenings in the book of God might be made to say nothing as threatenings; for the mode in which they are delivered is the same as that in the passage in question. For example, What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue ? Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.—He that showeth no mercy, shall have judgment without mercy.— Whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.-Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God.-Behold, the day cometh that shall burn like an oven, and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble.—Bring hither those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, and

slay them before me.The fearful, and unbelieving, and abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their portion in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.But none of these awful threatenings declare that the respective crimes which are mentioned are the procuring cause of the evils denounced. Though it is said, concerning the false tongue, that sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniher, shall be given him; yet it does not say that these shall be given him because of his falsehood: and so on, of the rest. And thus they may be only descriptive characters of those who shall be damned; and all these things may, for aught these denunciations prove, be blameless. If this reasoning be just, it cannot be inferred, from the laws of England declaring that a murderer shall be put to death, that it is on account of his being a murderer. Neither could our first parents justly infer, from its being told them, The day ye eat thereof ye shall surely die, that it should be on that account.

The truth is, though eternal life be the gift of God, yet eternal death is the proper wAGES of sin: and, though faith is not represented, in the above passage, as the procuring cause of salvation, yet unbelief is of damnation. It is common for the scriptures to describe those that shall be saved, by something which is pleasing to God, and by which they are made meet for glory; and those that shall be lost, by something which is displeasing to God, and by which they are fitted for destruction.

John iii. 18. He that believeth on him, is not condemned: but he that believeth not, is condemned already, BECAUSE he hath not believed in the name of the only-begotten Son of God. Two things are here observable. First: Believing is expressive of saving faith, seeing it exempts from condemnation. Secondly: The want of this faith is a sin, on account of which the unbeliever stands condemned. It is true, that unbelief is an evidence of our being under the condemnation of God's righteous law for all our other sins; but this is not all unbelief is itself a sin, which greatly aggravates our guilt, and which, if persisted in, gives the finishing stroke to our destruction. That this idea is taught by the Evangelist appears, partly from his dwelling upon the dignity of the

character offended, the only-begotten Son of God; and partly from his expressly adding, this is THE CONDEMNATION, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.

Luke xix. 27. But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me. If Christ, as wearing his mediatorial crown, has not a right to unreserved submission and hearty obedience, he has no right to be angry; and still less to punish men as his enemies, for not being willing that he should reign over them. He has no right to reign over them, at least not over their hearts, if it be not their duty to obey him from their hearts. The whole controversy, indeed, might be reduced to an issue on this argument. Every sinner ought to be Christ's friend, or his enemy, or to stand by as neutral. To say he ought to be his enemy, is too gross to be defended. To plead for his being neutral, is pleading for what our Lord declares to be impossible: he that is not with me, is against me. There is, therefore, no room for any other position, than that he ought to be his cordial friend; and this is the plain implieation of the passage.

2 Thes. ii. 10-12. Whose coming is with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: that they all might be damned, who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.From hence, we may remark two things: First: That faith is here called a receiving the love of the truth: and that it means saving faith, is manifest, seeing it is added, that they might be saved. Secondly: That their not receiving the love of the truth, or, which is the same thing, not believing with such a faith as that to which salvation is promised, was the cause of their being given up of God, and carried away with all deceivableness of unrighteousness. The loose and coldhearted manner in which merely nominal Christians held the truth, would occasion the introduction of the grand Papal apostacy, by which great numbers of them would be swept away. And this, assuredly, ought to afford a lesson to nominal Christians of the present day, who, owing to the same

cause, are fast approaching to Infidelity. But unless we suppose that these professors of religion ought to have received the love of the truth, there is no accounting for the awful judgments of God upon them for the contrary.

VI OTHER SPIRITUAL EXERCISES, WHICH SUSTAIN AN INSEPARABLE CONNEXION WITH FAITH IN CHRIST, ARE REPRE

SENTED AS THE DUTY OF MEN IN GENERAL.

Though this controversy has been mostly carried on with respect to the duty of faith; yet it, in reality, extends to the whole of spiritual religion. Those who deny that sinners are obliged to believe in Christ for salvation, will not allow that it is their duty to do any thing truly and spiritually good. It is a kind of maxim with such persons, that none can be obliged to act spiritually, but spiritual men.' Spiritual exercises appear, to me, to mean the same as holy exercises; for the new man which is created after God, is said to be created in righteousness, and TRUE HOLINESS: and as to two kinds of true holiness, the scriptures, I believe, are silent. But, as my opponents affix different ideas to the term spiritual, to prevent all disputes about it, I shall proceed on a ground which they will not refuse. Whatever has the promise of spiritual blessings, is considered as a spiritual exercise. With this criterion of spirituality in view, let the following passages of scripture be carefully considered. How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity; and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge? Turn you at my reproof: behold I will pour out my Spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.-The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.Wisdom crieth at the gates, at the entry of the city, at the coming in at the doors. Unto you, Ο men, I call; and my voice is to the sons of man. O ye simple, understand wisdom ; and ye fools, be ye of an understanding heart. Hear for I will speak of excellent things; and the opening of my lips shall be right things.—Receive my instruction, and not silver, and knowledge rather than choice gold.-Hearken unto me, O ye children: for blessed are they that keep my ways. Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not: Blessed is the man that heareth me, watching daily at my gates, waiting at the hosts of my doors. For whoso findeth me, findeth life, and