may appeal to the justices at the next general or general quarter sessions of the peace which shall be held for the city, county, division, liberty, town, or place where such judgment shall have been given; and the execution of such judgment shall in such case be suspended, the person so convicted entering into a recognizance within twenty-four hours of the time of such conviction, with two sufficient sureties, in double the sum he is adjudged to pay or forfeit, upon condition to prosecute such appeal with effect, and to be forthcoming to abide the judgment and determination of the justices at their said next general or general quarter sessions; which recognizance the justice, before whom such conviction shall be had, is hereby empowered and required to take; and if upon hearing the said appeal, the judgment of the justice shall be confirmed, such appellant shall forthwith pay down the sum he shall have been adjudged to have forfeited, together with such costs as the said justices at sessions shall award to be paid to the prosecutor or informer; and in default of the appellant's paying the same, any two justices, or any one justice of the peace having jurisdiction in the place into which any such appellant or appellants shall escape, or where he, she, or they shall reside, shall commit such appellant to the common gaol of the city, county, division, or place where he shall be apprehended, until he shall make payment of such penalty, and of the costs and charges which shall be adjudged on the conviction; but if the appellant in any such appeal shall make good his appeal, and be discharged of the said conviction, reasonable costs shall be awarded to him against such informer, who would (in case of such conviction) have been entitled to a moiety of the penalty, to have been recovered as aforesaid, and which costs shall and may be recovered by the appellant against any such informer, in like manner as costs given at any general or general quarter sessions are recoverable: provided always, that no person shall be detained in prison for any such offence for any greater length of time than three calendar months. Id. s. 27.

If any such conviction shall be made within six days before the next sessions, the party may appeal either to the then next, or next following, general or general quarter sessions. Id. s. 28.

Actions against justices, &c.] The Act contains the usual clauses, as to the limitation of action, pleading the general issue, costs, &c. in actions against justices or officers, for any thing done under or by virtue of the Act. Id. ss. 29, 30.

Saving of rights, &c.] The Act also contains a saving of the rights and privileges of the city of London, and of the worshipful company of bakers of the said city, and of the wardmote

inquests of the said city, and of the city or liberties of Westminster, and borough of Southwark, and any right or custom of any lord or lords of any leets, and the rights of any clerk or clerks of the market, in any place, which may be exercised and enjoyed by them or any of them by virtue of any charters, by-laws, prescriptions, usages, customs, privileges, grants, or acts of parliament. Id. s. 33.

2. Regulations beyond the Bills of Mortality.

Bread, of what materials, p. 219.
Adulterating bread, p. 220.
Adulterating flour, &c. p. 220.

Search for adulterated bread or flour, p. 221.
Penalty on persons having the same, p. 222.
Obstructing the search, p. 222.

Bread to be sold by weight, p. 222.

Not using avoirdupoise weight, p. 223.
Not providing scales and weights, p. 223.

Baking &c. on Sunday, p. 224.

Opposing the execution of this act, p. 225.

Offences by journeymen, p. 225.

Proceedings for penalties, p. 226.

Witnesses, p. 227.

Penalties, how levied and applied, p. 228.
Appeal, p. 229.

Actions against justices, &c. p. 229.

Saving of rights, &c. p. 229.

Bread, of what materials.] Bakers or sellers of bread, out of the city of London and the liberties thereof, and beyond the weekly bills of mortality, and ten miles of the Royal Exchange, may make and sell in their shops, or deliver to their customers, bread made of flour or meal of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, peas, beans, rice, or potatoes, or any of them, and with any common salt, pure water, eggs, milk, barm, leaven, potatoe or other yeast, and mixed in such proportions as they shall think fit, and with no other ingredient or matter whatsoever, subject to the regulations hereinafter contained. 6 & 7 W. 4, c. 37, s. 2. But bakers making bread wholly or partially of peas or beans, or potatoes, or of any sort of corn or grain, other than wheat, shall cause all such bread to be marked with a large roman M; "and if any person shall at any time, beyond the limits aforesaid, make or sell or expose for sale any such bread, without such mark as hereinbefore

directed, then and in every such case every person so offending shall, upon conviction in manner hereinafter mentioned, forfeit and pay for every pound weight of such bread, and so in proportion for any less quantity which shall be so made for sale, or sold or exposed for sale, without being so marked as aforesaid, any sum not exceeding ten shillings, as the magistrate or magistrates, justice or justices, before whom such conviction shall take place, shall from time to time order and adjudge: provided always, that nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be construed to extend to require any bread made of the meal or flour of wheat only, and in the making of which potatoe yeast shall be used, to be marked as herein before is mentioned." Id. s. 20.

Conviction the same as ante, p. 207, except that instead of "within the weekly bills of mortality," write "beyond the weekly bills of mortality, and ten miles of the Royal Exchange."

Adulterating bread.] "No baker or other person or persons who shall make bread for sale beyond the limits aforesaid, nor any journeyman or other servant of any such baker or other person, shall at any time or times, in the making of bread for sale beyond such limits, use any mixture or ingredient whatsoever in the making of such bread, other than and except as hereinbefore mentioned, on any account or under any colour or pretence whatsoever:" penalty not exceeding ten pounds nor less than five; or in default thereof, the justice before whom such offender shall be convicted, may cause him to be apprehended and committed to the house of correction, or some prison of the city, county, borough, or place where the offence shall have been committed, or the offender or offenders shall be apprehended, there to remain for any time not exceeding six calendar months, with or without hard labour, from the time of such commitment, unless the penalty shall be sooner paid; and the justice may cause the offender's name, place of abode, and offence, to be published in some newspaper, published in or near the city, county, borough, or place where the offence shall have been committed, and defray the expense of publishing the same out of the money to be forfeited as last-mentioned, in case any shall be so forfeited, paid, or recovered. Id. s. 8.

Conviction, same as ante, p. 208, with the alteration suggested supra.

Adulterating flour, &c.] "If any person beyond the limits aforesaid shall put into any corn, meal, or flour, which shall be ground, dressed, bolted, or manufactured for sale beyond such limits, either at the time of grinding, dressing, bolting, or manufacturing the same, or at any other time, any ingredient or mixture whatsoever, not being the real and genuine produce

of the corn or grain which shall be so ground; or if any person shall beyond the limits aforesaid knowingly sell or offer or expose for sale, either separately or mixed, any meal or flour of one sort of corn or grain, as the meal or flour of any other sort of corn or grain, or any ingredient whatsoever mixed with the meal or flour so sold or offered or exposed for sale:" penalty not exceeding twenty pounds nor less than five. Id. 8. 9.

Conviction, same as ante, p. 209, with the alteration suggested ante, p. 220.

Search for adulterated bread or flour.] Any justice of the peace, within the limits of his jurisdiction, and any peace-officer, by warrant under the hand and seal of any such justice, at seasonable times in the daytime, may enter into "any house, mill, shop, stall, bakehouse, bolting-house, pastry warehouse, outhouse, or ground, of or belonging to any miller, mealman, or baker, or other person, who shall grind grain, or dress or bolt meal or flour, or make bread, for reward or sale, beyond the limits aforesaid, and to search or examine whether any mixture or ingredient, not the general produce of the grain of such meal or flour shall import or ought to be, shall have been mixed up with or put into any meal or flour in the possession of such miller, mealman, or baker, either in the grinding of any grain at the mill, or in the dressing, bolting, or manufacturing thereof, whereby the purity of any meal or flour is or shall be in anywise adulterated, or whether any mixture or ingredient other than is allowed by this Act shall have been mixed up with or put into any dough or bread in the possession of any such baker or other person, whereby any such dough or bread is or shall be in anywise adulterated; and also to search for any mixture or ingredient which may be intended to be used in or for any such alteration or mixture;" and if he find any, he may seize the meal, flour, dough, or bread so adulterated, or any such mixture or ingredient as aforesaid; and the same, if seized by an officer as aforesaid, shall, with all convenient speed after seizure, be carried to the nearest resident justice of the peace, within the limits of whose jurisdiction the same shall have been so seized; and if any justice who shall make any such seizure, or to whom any thing so seized shall be brought, shall adjudge that any such meal, flour, dough, or bread so seized, shall have been adulterated by any mixture or ingredient put thereto, other than is allowed by this Act, or shall adjudge that any ingredient or mixture so found as aforesaid shall have been deposited or kept where so found for the purpose of adulterating meal, flour, or bread," he shall dispose of the same as he in his discretion shall think proper. Id. 8. 11.

Penalty on persons having the same.] "Every miller, mealman, or baker, beyond the limits aforesaid, in whose house, mill, shop, stall, bakehouse, bolting-house, pastry warehouse, outhouse, ground or possession, any ingredient or mixture shall be found, which shall, after due examination, be adjudged by any magistrate or magistrates, justice or justices of the peace, to have been deposited there for the purpose of being used in adulterating meal, flour, or bread," shall, on conviction, forfeit a sum not exceeding ten pounds, nor less than forty shillings for the first offence; five pounds for the second offence, and ten pounds for every subsequent offence; or in default of payment thereof, shall by warrant under the hand and seal of the justice before whom he shall be convicted, be apprehended and committed to the house of correction or some prison of the city, county, or place where the offence shall have been committed, or the offender or offenders shall be apprehended, there to remain for any time not exceeding six calendar months, with or without hard labour, from the time of such commitment (unless the penalty be sooner paid); and the justice may cause the offender's name, place of abode, and offence to be published in some newspaper, published in or near the city, county, borough, or place where the offence shall have been committed, and defray the expense of publishing the same out of the money to be forfeited as last mentioned, in case any shall be so forfeited, paid, or recovered. Id. s. 12.

Conviction, same as ante, p. 210, with the alteration suggested, ante, p. 220.

Obstructing the search.] "If any person or persons shall wilfully obstruct or hinder any such search as herein before is authorized to be made, or the seizure of any meal, flour, dough, or bread, or of any ingredient or mixture which shall be found on any such search, and deemed to have been lodged with an intent to adulterate the purity or wholesomeness of any meal, flour, dough, or bread; or shall wilfully oppose or resist any such search being made, or the carrying away any such ingredient or mixture as aforesaid, or any meal, flour, dough, or bread which shall be seized as being adulterated, or as not being made pursuant to this Act:" he shall forfeit, on conviction, a sum not exceeding ten pounds. Id. s. 13.

Conviction, same as ante, p. 210, with the alteration suggested ante, p. 220.

Bread to be sold by weight.] Bakers or sellers of bread beyond the limits aforesaid, may make and sell, or deliver to their customers, bread made of such weight or size as such bakers or sellers of bread shall think fit. Id. s. 3. And all bread sold beyond the limits aforesaid shall be sold by weight; "and in