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fenfe, I may fay too, in regard of fpiri city, which, within the fame compafs o may truly and properly be affirmed man's life it being manifeft, that by a brifker motion of his fpirits and f his ideas, fhall live more in one hour. ther in two; and that the quantity of eftimated, not merely from the duratio from the intenfenefs of living. Wh living, or, if I may fo fay, lively more promoted by early hours as a reg by tar-water as a cordial; which acts, a flow medicine, but hath alfo an imm cheerful (a) effect on the fpirits.

110. It must be owned, that light at creted, and detained in tar (b), and drawn off in its fineft balfamic particles, b menftruum of cold water, is not a viole den medicine, always to produce its effe (fuch, by irritating, often do more mi good) but a fafe and mild alterative, w trates the whole fyftem, opens, heals, an ens the remote veffels, alters and propels tents, and enters the minuteft capillaries not therefore, otherwife than by degre time, work a radical cure of chronic It gives nevertheless fpeedy relief in mo I have found by my felf and many have been furprized to fee perfons faller languifhing under a bad digeftion, a weeks recover a good ftomach, and with ftrength, fo as to feem renewed, by the of tar-water. The ftrength and quant water to be taken by each individual per determined from experience. And as fo (b) 8, 29, 40.

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111. We learn from Pliny, that in the firft ferment of new wine or muftum, the ancients were wont to fprinkle it with powdered rofin, which gave it a certain fprightlinefs, quædam faporis acumina. This was efteemed a great improver of its odour and taste, and was, I doubt not, of its falubrity alfo. The brown old rofin, that is to fay, harden'd tar, as being more easily pulverized and fifted, was moft in requeft for this purpose. They ufed likewise to season their wine-veffels with pitch or rofin. And I make no doubt, that if our vintners would contrive to medicate their wines with the fame ingredients, they might improve and preferve them, with lefs trouble and expence to themfelves, and lefs danger to others. He that would know more particulars of this matter may confult Pliny and Columella. I fhall only add, that I doubt not a fimilar improvement may be. made of malt liquor.

112. The intívn of Theophraftus and refina of Pliny are fometimes ufed in a general fenfe, to fignify all forts of oily vifcid exfudations from plants or trees. The crude watery juice, that rifeth early in the fpring, is gradually ripened and infpiffated by the folar heat, becoming in orderly fucceffion with the feafons an oil, a balfam, and at, laft a refin. And it is obferved by chemifts, that turpentine diffolved over a gentle fire, is, by the conftant operation of heat, fucceffively transformed into oil, balfam, pitch, and hard friable refin, which will incorporate with oil or rectified fpirit, but not with water.

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113. Sir John Floyer remarks, that method for the ufe of turpentine, and who fhall hit, faith he, on the plea fant of giving turpentine, will do great cures ftone, catarrhs, dropfies and cold fcur matifms, ulcers, and obftructions of Laftly, he fubjoins, that for the ufe of a amending the juices and fibres, it mu frequently, and in fuch fmall quantitie and in fo commodious a manner, as wil with the stomach (a), ftay longest in th not purge itself off; for large dofes (f through too quick, and befides offend Now the infufion of tar or turpentine ter feems to supply the very metho wanted, as it leaves the more unctuous parts behind (b), which might offend t intestines and head; and as it may be e and as often, and in fuch quantity, and of strength, as fuits the cafe of the pa fhould it feem, that the fine fpirit and obtained by infufion of tar (c) is infe of turpentine, to which it fuperadds of wood foot, which is known to be with refpect to the head and nerves; pears evident from the manner of ob (d) And as the fine volatile parts of pentine are drawn off by infufion in col eafily conveyed throughout the whole the human body; fo it should seem the thod may be used with all forts of balfa whatsoever, as the readieft, eafieft, an offenfive, as well as in many cafes the m way of obtaining and imparting their vi (a) 9. (b) 47. (c) 7, 42, 58.

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114. After having faid fo much of the ufes of tar, I must farther add, that being rubb'd on them it is an excellent prefervative of the teeth and gums; that it sweetens the breath, and that it clears and ftrengthens the voice. And, as its effects are various and useful, fo there is nothing to be feared from the operation of an alterative fo mild and friendly to nature. It was a wife maxim of certain ancient philofophers, that diseases ought not to be irritated by medicines. But no medicine disturbs the animal œconomy less than this (a), which, if I may truft my own experience, never produces any disorder in a patient when rightly taken.

115. I knew indeed a perfon who took a large glafs of tar-water juft before breakfast, which gave him an invincible naufea and difguft, although he had before received the greatest benefit from it. But if the tar water be taken and made in the manner prescribed at the beginning of this effay, it will, if I mistake not, have enough of the falt to be useful, and little enough of the oil to be inoffenfive. I mean my own manner of making it, and not the American; that fometimes makes it too ftrong, and sometimes too weak; which tar-water, however it might ferve as there ufed, merely for a preparative against the small-pox, yet I queftion whether it may be fitly used in all thofe various cafes wherein I have found tar-water fo fuccefsful. Perfons more delicate than ordinary may render it palatable, by mixing a drop of the chemical oil of nutmegs, or a spoonful of mountain wine in each glafs. It may not be amifs to obferve, that I have known fome, whofe nice ftomachs could not bear it in the morning, take it at night going to bed without any inconvenience; and that with fome it agrees beft warm, with others cold. It may be (a) 133.

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made ftronger for brute beafts, as horfes diforders I have found it very ufeful, I b fo than that bituminous fubftance call'd tar.

116. In very dangerous and acute may be taken and often; as far as the f bear. But in chronical cafes, about ha hight and morning, may fuffice; or in o a dose should prove difagreeable, half th may be taken at four times, to wit, in ing, at night going to bed, and about after dinner and breakfaft. A medic great virtue in fo many different difo especially in that grand enemy, the f needs be a benefit to mankind in general. nevertheless three forts of people to who péculiarly recommend it: Sea-faring p dies, and men of studious and fedentary

117. To failors and all fea-faring per are fubject to fcorbutic disorders and pu efpecially in long fouthern voyages, I ded this tar-water would be very benefi this may deserve particular notice in t courfe of marine expeditions, when fo m country-men have perifhed by fuch contracted at fea and in foreign climates it is probable, might have been prevent copious ufe of tar-water.

118. This fame water will alfo give relief to the ladies (a), who often wa than the parish poor; being many of able to make a good meal, and fitting p and forbidden like ghofts, at their own tims of vapours and indigeftion.

119. Studious perfons alfo pent up holes, breathing bad air, and stooping (a) 103.

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