only the bafe, on the fide of a bank, near to Brother-house and Cloot-bar, between Spalding and Croyland, from being one of those boundaries ufually erected to mark the poffeffions of the abbey of Croyland, and correfpond with three others, whofe names feem to be their only remains +.

"Such a veneration had this eminent man acquired by his vir. tues, that any thing relating to him was deemed to pofefs, inherently as it were, a greater proportion of fanctity than common. Thus his fifter Pega had a religious houfe dedicated to her in the county of Northampton; but it was demolished in very early times, and the revenues of it abforbed probably by the larger ones of Peterborough abbey. The fite of this little foundation was

brethren, contending that AIO, the firft word of it, was the name of one of the brethren who affifted Turketill in restoring the abbey after its deftruction by the Danes, and that the names of the other four muft have preceded it; forgetting that AIO was the verb which governed the whole infcription, making it declaratory of the purpofé for which the ftone was fet up. Mr. Scribo, the rector of Croyland, defending the received opinion the then worthy and learned prefident of the fociety obferved pleafantly, that the controverfy lay between AIO, I fay, and SCRIBÓ, I write. See Archeologia, vol. III. p. 96; V. 101; VI. 391."

"See an engraving of this boundary-ftone in vol. III. plate XXIX, under Beby, p. 167."

"The original ufe and intention of croffes feems to have been little adverted to; their ufe or fervice as boundaries having been only an accidental or fecondary confideration. At first, I apprehend them to have been enlargements of the precincts of the fanctuary. Indeed, in later times, the Hofpitallers and Templars fet up croffes on the tops of their houses, to prevent the king's purveyor from vifiting their tenants, or taking their tock, &c. as to the king's ufe; and afterwards the laity as they are called, or freeholders or tenants, no way related to the monaftic orders or houfes, fet up croffes, in hopes or expectation of receiving or being allowed the benefit of the privi lege granted to or claimed by thefe orders; in fo much that a ftatute was made, forbidding a repetition thereof under fevere penalties, i. e. a forfeiture of their houfes and land, either to the fuperior lord of the fee, or to the crown. See Fleta; where, if I remember right, the particular ftatute is referred to, and the purport or contents thereof are fet out and distinguished. S. CARTE."

"Tanner's Notitia, p. 374. Peakirk. Monaft. Ang. vol. I. p. 305. Gunton's Peterborough, pp. 251, 252. Ingulphus, p. 5.'

within the district of a village, which evidently appears to have been indebted to her for its name, and is now called Pea-kirk, i. e. Pega's church, and lies in the hundred of Naffaburgh. Nor was the monaftery of Croyland without fome kind of proof that bore witness of their endeavours to preferve the memory of this their patron's near relation; for Egelricus, their abbot, having (among many other large donations to his house) given them a new and fine caft of bells, dignified one of them with the name of Pega. Nor was this regard confined abfolutely to the family of St. Guthlac; for even those who received their education from his hand, and had been fo fortunate as to have been brought up at the feet of this Gamaliel, were thought to deferve a particular remembrance on that account. Thus his difciple Becceline had another bell of the fame peal inferibed to his memory likewife; as well as St. Bartholomew, who had fo often protected our faint in the feveral dangers he had been expofed to in his folitary recefs*.

"Even diftant parts of the kingdom were not unacquainted with the fingular merits of this Chriftian hero; for, he had not only the honour of being one of the three patrons of the abbey of Croyland, but (as I have been informed by a very learned friend, deeply converfant in church antiquities +) there was a nunnery in the county of Chefter dedicated to him.

"As a farther inftance of the univerfal efteem St. Guthlac had acquired, I find that in the year 883, a national council was held at London, in which, we are told, remarkable privileges were granted to his monaftery of Croyland, and particularly that of fanctuary for fuch criminals as fhould fly thither, and put themfelves under the protection of St. Guthlac; and this great privilege is faid to have been procured by the favour of Witlaff, a tributary king of Mercia."

"Í shall add one more proof of the respect paid to him and his memory by after-ages ||; for, in a deed of donation to the monaftery of Croyland, he is mentioned in conjunction with no less a name than that of the Supreme Maker and Director of all things. How far it may be juftifiable to make immortality and infinite effence a party in the fame deed with a frail and corruptible being, I determine not; but furely this antient ftyle and method of join

"Willis's Abbeys, vol, I. p. 76."

"+ Samuel Carte, LL. B. an eminent folicitor, fon of the vicar of St. Martin's at Leicefter.”

"Inett's Origines Ecclefiæ Anglicane, p. 265." "Concilia Britannia, vol. I. p. 336.” "MS. Collectiones Johannis Bridges, Armigeri; vol. D. fol. 76; et e librorum cartarum MS. inter libros Vincent, N. 88. p. 3."

ing the name of the most perfect with that of the moft deficient being was preferable to the modern practice of ufing it to vain purposes, whether it be by open and fashionable perjury in a court of law, or hastily produced by the heat of a fiery conftitution, and, most of all, when genteelly delivered as a polite ornament of fpeech in common converfation. The deed itself runs

thus:

"Sciant, &c. quod ego Hugo de Lambert dedi, &c. Deo, & Sancto Guthlaco, & monafterio de Croyland, tres acras prati in Wefton [co. Northampton]. T. Reginaldo Giffard; Waltero, capellano; Rogero, clerico; Godwino Ringe; & Everardo de Pinchchoile.'

"The poffeffions of this monaftery confifted of the whole ifle of Croyland, which may properly be fo called, as it is inclosed by deep bogs and pools, except on the north and east fides; and even these approaches to it are not the most commodious. The fingular and retired fituation of this spot of land was heretofore the parent of many ftrange appearances of dæmons and spirits; but the writers of thofe times inform us, they were all expelled by the piety and authority of St. Guthlac,

"Whether the monaftery of Croyland in courfe of time, attracted any endowments that had been made by munificent benefactors to the hermitage of St. Guthlac, I cannot fay; but I have met with the following mention of it in an inquifition taken in 1397.

"Inquifitio capta apud Burgum Sancti Petri, &c. quod non eft ad dampnum regis, fi rex concedat Jacobo le Roos, chevalier, & aliis, quod ipfi dare poffint unum meffuagium & duas acras terre, vocat' Le Hermitage Place of St. Guthlac in Marham, capellano cantuarie per ipfos affignando, prefato capellano & fuccefforibus fuis capellanis cantuarie predicte, in perpetuum, infra hermitagium predictum; & quod predicta tenentur de abbate de Burgo pur fervicium unius floris rofe, & valent per annum xiid *.'

"Whether there is any error in the date of this inquifition, or whether the premises were granted as above-mentioned without permiffion fo to do (which is not probable, as the inquifition muft have been returned), does not appear; neverthelefs, the following record appears to have been made two years after the date of the before-mentioned inquifition:

"Jacobus de Roos & alii dant unam marcam pro licentiâ quod ipfi unum meffuagium & duas acras terre, vocat' The Hermitage-place of St. Guthlac in Marham, dare poffint capellano cantuarie per ipfos infra hermitagium Sancti Guthlaci in Marham nuper fundate, habenda ad manum mortuam. Tefte, &c. 5° No

"20 Ric. II. No. 73; Bridges's MS. Collections, vol. D. fol. 104; and his Northamptonshire, vol. II. p. 521." vembris.'

vembris.It is not unlikely but that this fecond proceeding was intended to fupply the deficiency of licence to alien in the former donation; or else we muft fuppofe the former grant was not intended to take effect till the above-mentioned authority to make it was procured.

"The following writers have either written the life of St. Guthlac, or mentioned fo much of his virtues as may justify the account I have given of him:

"1. Ordericus Vitalis, Hift. Ecclef. p. 537.

"2. Dugdale, Monafticon, vol. I. p. 164.

66 3. Vetus Calendarium de vitis Sanctorum in Bibl. Cotton. fub Julio, A. X. agitur de vitâ Sancti Guthlaci, fub numero 6. 66 4. Vita Sancti Guthlaci, per Elfridum monachum, ad Alvoldum regem Saxonum Orientalium. Vefpafian, D. XXI. 2. "5. Godlac the Holy Man. No. 2576, in Bibl. Bodl.

"6 Vita Sancti Guthlaci anachoretæ, MS. quod notatur fcriptum fuiffe ante Conqueftum, in Bibl. Collegii Sancti Benedicti, Cantabrigiæ.

"7. In Armario Regali apud Weft monaft. eft. Alia MS. Vita Sancti Guthlaci,

"8, Altera in Bibl, Cathedrali de Carlisle.

9. Vita Guthlaci, per Petrum Bloreman t.

10. Felix, an antient monk, alfo wrote his life t." P. 1. With this brief notice we fhall conclude our account for this month, anxiously hoping that the much refpected author may meet with every encouragement from the public which his misfortunes demand and his abilities deferve; may resume his fpirits to profecute his literary labours, to their final accomplishment, and close his career in the bofom of domestic tranquillity, and with the honourable reputation which has hitherto accompanied him.

It fhould have been added, that this volume alfo abounds with maps and prints, most of which are entitled to the praife of fidelity and elegance; the head of Wicliff in particular, at p. 298, who was rector of Lutterworth, is worthy of the highest commendation.

"Bridges's MS. Collections, vol. I. G. fol. 117; Rot. in Turre Lond. 22 Ric. II. m. 17

"Bibl. Cott Jul. C. VI. fol. 188."

(To be continued.)

See before, p. 1."

ART.

ART. VI. A Review of the Affairs of India, from the Year 1798 to the Year 1806: comprehending a fummary Account of the principal Tranfactions during that eventful Period. 8vo. Pp. 140. Price 3s. Cadell and Davies. 1807.

THE political hiftory of Lord Wellesley's administration

in India will always form an interefting part in our national annals, when time fhall have rendered its great events remote; but the prefent is the period when the motives, the principles, and the fyftem acted upon by him, moft imperatively concentre the attention of the world: as a judicial inquiry is probably about to be inflituted into that feries of events which took place in India, from the year 1798 to the treaty with the Rajah of Burtpore, fubjecting to its decifion the fame, the fortune, and the fate of that great man, by whofe councils, and under whofe aufpices, they were brought about.

This "Review" profeffes to give an account of the maxim and fpirit of the adminiftration of the noble Marquis, in both its branches, domeftic and foreign: and what the writer profeffes he has here executed, as fully and as perfectly as the limits he has prefcribed to the extent of his work could permit. These limits impreffed upon him a neceflity of giving fomething between an epitome and an entire philofophical account of the principles and caufes of the greater tranfactions and inftitutions of the Governor-general, with respect to the native powers of India, and in our own pro

vinces.

It therefore resembles a general map of a kingdom on a middle fcale; on which the geography of the whole, as a whole, is most conveniently studied, and whence the best univerfal idea of it is to be acquired. In fuch a delineation even the interior of every province is fo fketched out, that much particularity may be admitted without confufion. When we want to make ourfelves acquainted indeed with the fubdivifions and fecondary fubdivifions of each, recourfe must be had to provincial Maps on fuch a fcale, that the most minute detail of the face of the country can be conveniently laid down in them. It is fuch a general account that we have now before us: and those who fhall have to examine any one of the tranfactions in this Review, confidered in its fulleft extent, will be convinced that nothing more particular or perfect can be comprifed in fuch bounds; and will admire to find so many of the leading and master