been formed of her as regards these qualities, it vas decided to send her round to Falmouth from the Tees, before she took her final departure from England, and the very severe weather she so successfully encountered on her passage round the coast, left no doubt of her performing the voyage across the Atlantic in perfect safety. Her subsequent safe arrival at Bahia fully justified the anticipations that had been previously formed of her. The material used in her construction was that known as the "Mersey Puddled Steel," and taking into consideration the smallness of the vessel's dimensions, and the thickness of the plates that composed her hull being only oneeighth of an inch, the success of the design and construction of the little vessel must be looked at upon the whole as remarkable, and proves the adaptability of puddled steel for shipbuilding purposes. The Little Lucy was built by Richardson, Duck, and Co., of Stockton, from the designs and under the superintendence of Mr. Herbert L. Thompson, naval architect, in connection with the firm of Messrs. Alfred Brett and Co., of 150 Leadenhall-street.

WRECK OF THE ALMA.

As article in our impression of last week, headed "Boat-lowering Apparatus (written before the details of the wreck of the Alma and the loss of life that accompanied it had been given to the public), made just comment on the neglect, by owners and officers in charge of ships, of the ob. servance of those proper and necessary precautions for the preservation of life which, in the event of accident, or at times of sudden emergency, might so materially mitigate the disasters that otherwise ensue. We even went so far as to express a hope that the time might come when captains should be put upon their trials for manslaughter should either seaman or passenger be lost from any such cause. This particular case of the Alma shows how absolutely necessary it is for the public "More safety that some such rule should obtain. than twenty persons perished from the neglect of the most ordinary precautions," says the Times, in a subsequent leading article on the catastrophe -in which, moreover, it has some admirable comments on the wanton neglect that led to it. Surely the strong and repeated comments of the press must eventually rouse the constituted authorities to enforce more rigidly the legal enactments which are now unhappily almost entirely disregarded, though specially framed with a view to the protection of life at sea, We refer more particularly to Passenger Act," 1855, clause 27, 18 and 19 Vic, cap. 119; and circular No. 51, 1st Jan, 1857, "Board of Trade." While these are allowed to remain "dead letters," no wonder we have such sad histories as the Alma's to make comment on.

NOTICES.

FAIRPLAY, Sheerness.-As your letter on the New Works Department of the Admiralty, whether published with or without your name, would have but exceedingly little weight; as, moreover, it is written in a very improp er and unbecoming tone; and as, finally, we have confidence in saying that your superior officers, on whose behalf it was written, would be greatly disgusted by its appearanc›, we cannot consent to publish it.

R. S.-W. P. Le Neve Forster, Secretary of the Society of Arts, in his recent paper on aluminium, gave its specific gravity as 2-6. If this is not sufficiently exact for you, you had better apply to Mr. Foster, who would doubtless furnish you with what you require.

The MECHANICS' MAGAZINE will be sent free by post to all subscribers of £1 1s. 8d., annually, payable in advance. the Post Office, Fleet Street, London, E.C. Post Office Orders to be made payable to R. A. Brooman, at

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THE demand for Mr. E. J. REED's paper—

ON THE MODIFICATIONS WHICH THE SHIPS OF THE ROYAL NAVY HAVE UNDERGONE DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY, IN RESPECT OF DIMENSIONS, FORM, MEANS OF PROPULSION, AND POWER OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE,"

has been so great that the Journal of the Society of Arts, the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE, and all other Scientific Journals in which it appeared in December last, are now out of print. The demand still continuing, it has been deemed desirable to reprint it in a separate form. An 8vo. edition of it, in large type, and on fine paper, has, therefore, been prepared, and may now be had at the Office

of this Magazine, price 1s.

Our Weekly Gossip.

WE take the following remarks on Sir William Armstrong's career from a speech made a short time since at Newcastle by Mr. Glynn, a solicitor of that town:-" Sir William Armstrong begun his life as a useful and valuable member of the profession to which I have the honour to belong, and it was in that capacity that I first knew him. I venture to say to you, from personal knowledge, that the career which industriously followed, as closely pursued, and as useSir William Armstrong was then pursuing was as fully carried out as that by which his name will be more generally known, and that as the attorney-atlaw and solicitor in the High Court of Chancery, Sir William Armstrong was equally distinguished as he is, as not only one of the greatest of the civil but also of the military engineers of this country. When Sir William Armstrong left the profession and ceased LIVERPOOL, August 27, 1859. that relationship which gave me the right to term (Before Mr. Baron Watson.)

CROWN COURT.

Law Case.

MACNEE V. NIMMO.

This was an action for the infringement of a patent for making a manufacture called "Zebras." This was a new trial of the same cause.

Mr. Monk, Q.C., Mr. Hindmarsh, and Mr. Ovens appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. Manisty, Q.C., and Mr. Jones for the defendant.

The patent claimed by the plaintiff was in a twilled or plain fabric backed so as to make it of soft or spongy texture, and printed in shawl patterns to imitate a manufacture called Zebras," for the Eastern market. The alleged infringement was the making of a figured fabric with raised figures, upon which a shawl pattern was printed, the raised pattern giving the fabric a soft and spongy texture. This was said to be in reality the plaintiff's patent and a mere colourable evasion of it.

The case was not concluded at the rising of the Court, and was adjourned till Monday.

him a brother in law, the law society, of which I am vice-president, presented him with an address; and I believe that that kindly recollection of old times and of intimate and friendly association was as grateful to the heart of Sir William Armstrong as any honours that he has received at the hands of his sovereign, or at the hands of his country. Sir William Armstrong commenced life with a very great advantage over other men. He had for his father a very eminent mathematician-a man whose profound knowledge of mathematics, although it never came prominently before the world, must have had a great logical methods of reasoning, and with that extreme effect in imbuing Sir William Armstrong with those exactness which he has carried into his future career. And I have no doubt that as Robert Stephenson owed to the careful teaching of his father in his younger days an amount of knowledge which he never otherwise would have had, and which has made him--a man of high intellect, doubtless, but still not of commanding or overpowering genius-one of the first men of the age, I have no doubt that Sir William Armstrong owed to the mathematical knowledge of his father the groundwork of that science which has since made him

so famous."

A correspondent sends the following "Note on a Patent":"When I was a boy, some thirty years since, (unfortunately) one of my favourite pastimes was to get on board the boats moored in the river of my native town at high tide, and rock in them if not disturbed by the owners. One morning, on going with some schoolfellows down to the river for that object, we made a discovery that rather astonished us, and which engrossed all our attention, for there, moored to a raft of balks, was a boat that threw all the others into the shade. This boat was about the depth of the others, but only half the width, or nearly so, and about twice the length-was beautifully painted and cushioned, and went without oars! This was effected by a pair of paddle-wheels fitted to the sides with crank-handles, which could be used together or separate, and the steering could be done by the foot or an inclination of the body. Now, as a boat was my hobby, I always looked forward to the having one (it has not come yet), and determined that it should be like this, because of the ease with which it could be set in motion and the comfort of seeing everything before you. This boat belonged to a gentleman who was largely engaged in the timber trade. Well, Sir, your last number containing a patent for a similar thing, astonished me nearly as much as the first sight of my favourite boat.-ROBT. ESSERY."

The

Arrangements have been made during the present week for taking the Great Eastern down the river to-morrow morning. At 6 A. M. she is intended to leave her moorings. Four powerful tugs will take charge of her-two ahead and two astern. latter are to help the gigantic vessel to turn in the sharp angles of the river just between Greenwich Hospital and Blackwall. The Great Eastern her: self will also be under steam in her paddle engines, which, if occasion requires, can be turned round to assist the tugs. From Gravesend to the Nore the aid of the tugs will be merely nominal, if used at all. At the Nore two or three days will probably be consumed in adjusting compasses and filling in with coal. The latter will bring her down to a fair seagoing trim-that is to say, a little over 10 feet deeper in the water than she now appears. The slightest possible addition has been made to her draught of water before the Nore is reached. the Nore she proceeds under easy steam to Portland, and receives her passengers for the first trial trip, returning afterwards to Holyhead, from which harbour she starts on her real trial trip to Canada on or about the 15th.

From

Captain Norton requests that the following may be inserted:"Gentlemen,-There was a slight error of the heading of my letter in your Magazine of loading Sporting Arms. yesterday. The heading should be properly, MuzzleAlthough my gossamer cartridge equally answers for breech-loader sporting guns, yet the breech-loading are few in proportion to the muzzle-loaders. And the million of guerillas that I propose to follow my instructions, have only muzzle-loading sporting guns. Perhaps you will be so kind as to set this matter right in your next Magazine, as there are too many cavillers in tage of the slightest slip.-J. NORTON." official positions who would be ready to take advan

Trials which have been made at Chatham recently appear to show that, in addition to their many other advantages, Major Rhodes' tents are capable of being pitched and struck in considerably less than half the time necessary for performing the same operations with an ordinary tent.

Crystal Palace season tickets, available until May next, are now issued at the uniform rate of half-aguinea; and as, coupled with this arrangement, it is the intention of the directors to enclose and improve the concert-room, so as to render it more generally available for winter concerts, lectures, &c., during the autumn and winter, there is little doubt that a more than ordinary attendance will be maintained during the coming six months. the year that the Crystal Palace becomes most It is during this period of available. Designed by Sir Joseph Paxton especially as a winter garden, it enables the visitors to enjoy exercise and recreation in defiance of the changes of climate so frequent in England; and, as the appalace can at all times be reached without inconproaches from the railway are all under cover, the venience. It is with the view of enabling the public to appreciate more fully these peculiar advantages of the palace, that the half-guinea season-tickets have been issued, and it is gratifying to find that they have already been taken up to a considerable extent.

The National Defence Commission embarked on Monday at Portsmouth on board the Sprightly, and, with a Government pilot on board, proceeded to the Needles to inspect the western approaches to Spithead.

Patents for Inventions.

ABRIDGED SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS. Faz abridged Specifications of Patents given below are classified, according to the subjects to which the respective inventions refer, in the following table. By the system of classification adopted, the numerical and chronological order of the specifications is preserved, and combined with all the advantages of a division into classes. It should be understood that these abridgements are prepared exclusively for this Magazine from official copies supplied by the Government, and are therefore the property of the proprietors of this Magazine. Other papers are hereby warned not to produce them without acknowledgement:

STEAM ENGINES, &c., 121.

BOILERS AND THEIR FURNACES, &c., 174, 188. ROADS AND VEHICLES, including railway plant and carriages, saddlery and harness, &c., 127, 131, 166. SHIPS AND BOATS, including their fittings, 133, 137, 170, 190, 209. CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL, including agricultural and horticultural implements and machines, 138, 156, 173, 180, 183, 184, 195. FOOD AND BEVERAGES, including apparatus for preparing

food for men and animals, 153, 154.

FIBROUS FABRICS, including machinery for treating fibres, pulp, paper, &c., 122, 141, 141, 146, 148, 152, 158, 160, 162, 175, 178, 182, 185, 191, 196.

BUILDINGS AND BUILDING MATERIALS, including sewers, drain-pipes, brick and tile machines, &c., 128, 155, 161, 176, 298.

LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING, 126, 129, 140, 192, 194.

FURNITURE AND APPAREL, including household utensils, time-keepers, jewellery, musical instruments, &c., 121, 147, 161, 169, 171, 179, 187, 202.

METALS, including apparatus for their manufacture, 132, 134, 139, 145, 163, 210, 211.

CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOGRAPHY, 126, 149.
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, 181.
WARFARE, 157, 207.

LETTER PRESS PRINTING &c., 135.
MISCELLANEOUS, 123, 125, 130, 136, 142, 143, 150, 151, 159,
165, 167, 172, 177, 186, 189, 193, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201,
203, 204, 205, 206, 212.

121. T. SAMPSON. "Improvements in apparatus for feeding steam boilers with water." Dated Jan.

13, 1859.

Here at a level above the water in the steam boiler is a receiver or vessel from which the boiler is from time to time supplied with water, such vessel being of a strength suitable for resisting a like pressure to that in the steam boiler. A steam pipe from the boiler rises to the upper part of such receiver or supply vessel; there is only a water pipe which is fixed to the lower part of the receiver or supply vessel, and descends to nearly the bottom of the steam pipe, and on the water pipe is a cock, and it is preferred that these two cocks should be connected together and simultaneously opened and closed. The supply vessel or receiver receives water from an open tank above, or it may be from an open vessel or well several feet below the boiler; in either case there is a supply pipe leading from the receiver or supply vessel to the tank or well, and on such pipe is a cock which is to be opened when the two cocks above mentioned are closed, and vice versa. All the three cocks are connected together by connecting rods and levers put in action by a float in the boiler, with a weight to reverse the cocks on the instant. There is an air cock at the upper part of the receiver or supply vessel to allow the air to flow out when the supply vessel is first filled out with water. Patent completed.

122. S. HOLT. "A new and improved manufacture of woven silk fabrics." Dated January 14,

1859.

This consists in treating spun silk thread by saturating it in a solution of gum and water or a solution having equivalent chemical properties, and then in drying the thread so treated and weaving it into the fabric required; and afterwards in subjecting the fabric to heat and pressure combined to produce the requisite appearance. Patent completed.

123. M. A. F. MENNONS. "A new or improved time measurer." (A communication.) Dated Jan.

11. 1859.

This consists in applying to time measuring apparatus the gradual flow or infiltration through porous bodies of fluids in general, and especialy of air and gases. Patent abandoned.

124. W. CRAFT and T. WILSON. "Improvements in drawers and napkins so as to render the same waterproof." Dated Jan. 14, 1859.

The object here is the manufacturing of drawers and napkins of a waterproof material having elastic bands or fastenings at their upper and lower exremities obviating the necessity of strings and buttons. Patent completed.

125. W. DAVIS. "Improvements in slaice valves" Dated Jan. 14, 1859.

Here the case is cast with a recess on one side of the water way into which the valve passes, when it is opened. The valve is circular when it closes the water passage, and it may be made with one or two bearing surfaces. The valve turns on an axis, and it is moved by means of a screw in the following manner:-The valve has a projecting arm beyond the axis of its motion, and such axis of motion is on one side of the water way or passage. To the arm or projection of the valve is attached a rod with a screw formed thereon. The pin by which the rod is formed through the arm. attached to the arm of the valve works in a slot The screw works through a stuffing box, which is kept tight by a suitable gland through which the end of the screw rod passes, and it enters a hollow tubular screw key, which is closed at its outer end, and it is fixed to the gland of the stuffing box by a second gland or cover through which the hollow key passes, and by reason of its inner end being formed with a projecting flange it turns fluid tight in a recess formed in the outer gland, so that the key can be turned and yet remain fluid tight. The recess for the valve is closed by a hollow cover fixed to the case by screws and nuts, and the screw rod works within such hollow, and the stuffing block through which it passes is formed at one end of such hollow cover. Patent completed.

126. J. DAUGLISH. "Improvements in obtaining carbonic acid gas." Dated Jan. 14, 1859.

Here carbonate of lime or other alkaline earth is distilled in a closed retort; the carbonate is placed in the retort, which is then closed so as to leave no communication between the atmosphere and the interior of the retort. The retort is heated externally by a fire, and is connected by a pipe with an air pump or apparatus for maintaining a vacuum within the retort; by this apparatus before the distillation commences the air is removed from the retort, and a mixture of the gas with air is thus avoided. As the distillation progresses the air pump or apparatus removes the gas from the retort as quickly as it is evolved, and it may be caused to pass into a gasometer in which it is stored for use. Patent completed.

pound consisting of, or containing, iron, carbon, and manganese to cast-steel produced by melting granulated cast-iron, or granulated refined cast-iron, and pulverised iron ore or oxyde of iron, so that the said triple compound may be melted and combined with the cast-steel in the melting pots or crucibles. Pa tent completed.

133. W. BETTS. "Improvements in the manufac ture of capsules, and in the apparatus to be employed therein." Dated an. 15, 1859.

Here the capsules are formed of the usual metal, but much thicker than those ordinarily made. The patentee takes a mandria having on it an external screw of the same size as a s 'rew formed on the neck of a bottle, and the capsule being placed in the screw mandril, the mandril and capsule are caused to rotate, and at the same time by the action of the screw, they are moved in a lateral direction. A small disc is then pressed against the capsule, which forces it into the indentations of the screw mandril, and at the same time embosses the raised portions of the screw, and a stiff screw capsule is formed. Patent completed. 134. R. MUSHET. "An improvement or improve ments in the manufacture of cast-steel." Dated Jan. 15, 1859.

The patentee claims the manufacturing of cast-steel from mixtures of the following materials melted and combined together in melting pots or crucibles, the said materials being used either with or without the addition of charcoal or other carbonaceous matter. 1. Cast-iron which has been wholly or partially decar bonised by air having been passed through it whilst in a melted state. 2. Deodorised iron ore. 3. A triple compound of iron, carbon, and manganese, such as the "Spiegel Eisen" produced in Rhenish Prussia. Patent completed.

135. W. MORGAN. "Improvements in printing and stencilling, and in the apparatus or machinery used therein, also for certain applications of such printing and stencilling." Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

128. J. ECCLES. "Improvements in the manufacture of articles from clay earths for building purposes, as substitutes for such articles as are usually formed of stone and other materials." Dated Jan. 15, 1859.

Here the patentee takes the material as free from impurities as possible, and moulds it into the required shape, either by compressing the material through moulding orifices, or by placing it in mould boxes. At the time of moulding he makes hollows or perforations of such number and extent as the shape of the articles admit of, then removes the articles to be subjected to the drying action of currents of air both hot and cold, produced by mechanical means, as described in the specification of a previous patent. Patent completed.

the object being to extend the printing surface beyond that of the circumference of the wheels or cylinders, in order that great spaces should sometimes be between each impression. Patent completed.

136. T. EDWARDS. "Improvements applicable to letter-boxes and other like receptacles." Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

This consists in cutting off communication between the upper and lower portions of the box during th time the receiving port is open by means of a flap valve jointed horizontally across the back of the box, and which is operated by the flap which closes the receiving mouth. Patent abandoned.

(with the exception of those on the hull), are applicable to analogous useful purposes." Dated Jan. 17, 1859. This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

138. E. T. HUGHES. "Improvements in machi nery or apparatus for sowing seed." (A communica tion.) Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

This consists of a hopper divided into compartments, a moveable axle-tree as a distributor, and a sower or spreader having a series of spoons or blades tapered at the bottom to act as cutters or ploughshares, the said apparatus being fixed on a carriage with wheels. Patent abandoned.

139. P. A. DE ST. S. SICARD. "An improved process and apparatus for converting cast-iron into steel." Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

The patentee claims, 1, the oxidation and purification of cast-iron by causing the melted cast-iron in conjunction with nitrate of potash, or soda, or other nitrates oroxydising re-agents, to be rapidlygranulated or reduced to powder by a percussive oxydising granulator for striking or projecting it against a surface or grating. 2. The application of carbonate of ammonia in the carburising process, and for decarburising the melted metal. 3. The application of nitrate of potash, or soda, or other nitrate by means of

The essential condition of this invention is to place a burner supplying a small jet of gas in such a position under or near to other burners that, the jet from the former being ignited, its flame shall ignite the gas from the latter when turned on. The means proposed for effecting this object is to lay down two pipes for the conveyance of the gas to be used, one of a small diameter to supply the gas to the burner with the single jet, the other of a diameter sufficiently large to supply the gas to the burners which are to be used for illuminating purposes; or the small pipe may be a branch from the larger one. Patent abandoned,

141. W. E. NEWTON. "An improvement in sewing machines." (A communication.) Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

142. E. BROOKS. "Improvements in locks." Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

According to this invention the locks are formed with a curtain, consisting of a plate which moves on a pin or otherwise in front of the keyhole, so as to close it, with the exception of the central opening, by the motion of the lock. The bolt shoots twice by one turn of the key, whereby great security is obtained. Latent completed.

13. R. G. SALTER. "Improvements in apparatus for collecting or picking up letters, papers, and other articles requiring to be stamped or printed." Dated

Jan. 17, 1859.

Here the patentee places the letters edgewise upon an inclined feeding tray or trough, and between or upon endless belts, which conduct them against the side of a revolving cylinder, containing on the inside one or several apparatuses for exhausting air, and perfora. tions at intervals in the side. The face of the cylinder carries stamps or dies, which are inked upon the revolution of the cylinder by contact with an inking roller. Over another part of the cylinder is a pressure roller. The operation is as follows:-As soon as an aperture or series of holes comes opposite the feeding trough, one letter is drawn by the exhaustion of the air inside the cylinder, and held against the side of the cylinder and over the stamp or die which has been inked; the cylinder continues to revolve with the letter adhering thereto, and carries it under the pressure roller. Patent completed.

144. G. and J. COLLIER. "Improvements in means or apparatus for washing and drying wool and other fibres, part of which improvements are also applicable for other purposes, where steam, hot water, or other fluids are required to be conveyed under pressure through moveable connections." Dated Jan. 17, 1859.

Here the fibre, &c., is fed on to an endless apron, by which it is conveyed to another apron, and it by these aprons conducted forward and into the water or other wash liquid, and whilst the fibre is so conducted the wash liquid has motion given to it by revolving heaters to cause it to pass fully through the fibre. The fibre is afterwards conveyed to expressing rollers and dried by steam. Patent completed.

16. R. MUSHET. "Improvements in the manufacture of cast-steel." Dated Jan. 17, 1859. This consists in manufacturing cast-steel by melting and combining scrap-steel, bar-steel, or blister-steel, or any mixtures of these, with wholly deoxydised iron ore and a triple compound of iron carbon and manganese. Also in mixing with the above charcoal or other carbonaceous matter. Patent completed.

The object here is to obtain fron common resin direct by one distillation a variety of clear and pale oils. Patent completed.

150. H. GALLON, J. H. BEAN, and S. LUMP. "Improvements in machinery for slotting, morticeing, tennoning, and cutting wood, iron, and other substances. Dated Jan. 18, 1859.

This consists in the application of a crank or eccentric to such machines, in order to actuate the cutting tool, such crank or eccentric acting with a slide arranged to move in a slot formed in the spindle which carries the cutting tool. Patent completed. 151. C. D. ARCHIBALD. 66 'Generating force." (A communication.) Dated January 18, 1859. The nature of this invention consists in so constructing a piston or its equivalent that when acting under the pressure of fluid bodies the resistance it meets or generates shall be made to assist the process of displacing, condensing, or exhausting without waste of the elements employed. The invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 152. R. A. BROOMAN. "An improved silk thread, and a new fabric made entirely or partially from the same.' (A communication.) Dated Jan. 18, 1859. proved silk thread by combining silk waste (“soie The patentee claims the manufacture of an imfantaisie") with raw or other silk by any suitable means. Also, the manufacture of a new fabric by either in whole or in part as a warp, or as a weft, or as forming a fabric having the said improved silk thread both, by any suitable means. Patent completed.

An

153. "R. GARRETT, jun., and J. KERRIDGE. improved arrangement of combined threshing and dressing machines." Dated Jan. 18, 1859.

This consists chiefly in providing a single fan which draws into its case a large volume of air, and by reason of its connection with a system of air trunks and passages cause the discharge of the air at any given number of vents in broad streams suitably directed for impinging upon the falling grain and chaff. Patent completed.

154. J. FAWCETT. "An improved preparation of food for cattle and horses." Dated Jan. 18, 1859.

68

The patentee claims particularly the use of the locust pod and bean, in combination with other suitable farinaceous substances, and the preparation of the combined ingredients in the form of cake." Patent abandoned.

155. R. BRADLEY and W. CRAVEN. "Improvements in machinery or apparatus for manufacturing bricks, tiles, and other similar articles." Dated Jan. 18, 1859.

This relates to apparatus for manufacturing bricks, tiles, &c., from pulverized clay by compression, the main object being to obviate the difficulties usually attendant upon the pressure of air in the material under pressure. The details are voluminous. Patent completed.

156. W. TROTTER. "Improvements in reaping machines." Dated January 18, 1859.

This consists in arranging the parts of reaping machines so that the parts may readily accommodate themselves to the inequalities of the ground. Patent completed.

ture of paper, suitable for bank-notes, cheques, bills, and similar articles." Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

This consists in applying to the paper in the course of manufacture a material capable of producing therein an opaque body either white or in one or more colours, and of any required pattern or design, which opaque body will not interfere with the clearness of the printing on the surface of the paper, but will become visible so as to appear mixed up with the subject of such printing when the note, cheque, bill, &c., is held up to the light. The opaque body consists of a body not soluble in water, such as Prussian blue, red lead, white lead, &c. Patent completed.

161. T. CLARKE. " Improvements in the manufac ture of core barrels for pipes or columns used either for railway pipes or columns, or for water pipes or for sewerage pipes." Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

Here the patentee constructs a core barrel with two rows of hinges, and without a slide or key, but with three stay bars, which stay bars, when loosened, as can be easily done, allow the core bar to leave the casting without impediment. Patent completed.

162. E. T. HUGHES. "Improvements in machinery or apparatus for measuring and sorting silk and other textile materials." (A communication.) Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

Here the silk, &c., is wound on bobbins or spools to a certain length, and measured with exactness by a meter or measuring machine, which stops the movement of the bobbins or spools at the time required. To sort or assay the silk, &c., the external diameter of each bobbin or spool is measured or gauged and weighted." Patent completed.

163. J. WHITEHEAD. "Improvements in the means or machinery for the manufacture of 'purled' Dated Jan. 19, 1859. wire."

This consists in causing the wire to wind around a taper pin at the end of a spindle having a rotary motion. A strap presses on the outside of the coil, and has a rotary motion in the same direction as the taper pin. Patent completed.

164. E. STEVENS. "An improved cooking utensil." Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

This consists in combining in one a meat stand, a vegetable dish, a pudding and pie dish, and a stew pan. Patent completed.

167. J. H. JOHNSON. "Certain improvements in the manufacture or production of lasts, boot-trees, and clogs, and in the machinery and apparatus employed in the production of such articles." (A communication.) Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

The specification of this invention is arranged under eleven heads, and the invention is not fully described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

168. J. H. JOHNSON. Improvements in apparatus for making cigarettes." (A communication.) Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

1859.

The principle on which this invention rests is the triple rotation of brushes imitating the work performed by the workman. The triple rotation of brushes is obtained by a disc having a continued cireular movement communicated to it by bevil wheels or pulleys, placed on a longitudinal shaft, which receives its movement directly from the driving shaft. Poteat abandoned.

147. W. NEWMAN. "New or improved furniture for window and other blinds." Dated Jan. 18, 1859. This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 148. J. FOSTER.

"Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus called spinning frames' and roving frames employed for spinning and roying

This relates to applying an endway traverse motion in addition to the ordinary rotary motion to the first toothed cylinder or roller receiving fibre from the feed means, or that which delivers to the main cylinder of a carding engine in order thereby more intimately to mix or even distribute the fibres to be carded. Patent

mouthpiece fitted internally with a perforated diaphragm; 6, in marking divisions on the rammer; 7, in making the mould of metal, and the funnel of caoutchouc. Patent completed.

169. W. CLARK. "Certain improvements in boots and shoes, and in the machinery, apparatus, and means employed in such manufacture." (A communication.) Dated Jan. 19, 1859.

This embraces various features which to be rendered intelligible must be given in detail, and that our space will not admit of. Patent abandoned.

170. J. C. REID and W. MILNER. "Certain improvements in the construction of ships and vessels." Dated Jan. 20, 1859.

This consists in so constructing the bulkheads that the separate compartments into which a ship may be divided may be secured against the extension of fire. The bulkheads are to be formed of two walls or plates of iron, and placed across the ship in parallel posi