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cooled to 22° or below by perfect exclusion from for communicating instantly and with certainty air, yet I found it always ultimately froze into a from the person in charge of the vessel to those in firm solid when the air was at 18°. A mecha-charge of the engines. The old and still not unnical cause, then, here clearly at least assists this possibility of remaining fluid at 22°, and it is the fact that when the atoms of air are confined, they of course cannot move away when they have robbed the water of part of its heat, and thus give place to colder ones. Thus, when bottles of water are tightly corked as this cannot cool so quickly as when exposed to air, the atoms of water are not hurried (so to speak) to a new and forced arrangement. Hence the water remains fluid even below 22°. It can resist slow, but not rapid, ab

straction of heat.

That, however, all this is a mere question of time, was shown by my experiments when the air was only at 24°. In this case water remained fluid two hours before the surface was FULLY frozen, while we see above it froze in 17 minutes when the air was at 16° and 18°.

common plan of stationing men at certain intervals along the upper deck, and in large vessels on several of the lower decks, to pass the directions of the commander to the engineer, is one not only most expensive, as it involves several hands being employed, but one upon which no dependence can be placed, directions being frequently misunderstood, besides taking several seconds or even minutes in being transmitted. Most captains of vessels in the merchant service have, during the last few years, been fully alive to the importance of the adoption of some more perfect means of communication, but it was not until several vessels had been totally lost and many very seriously damaged from want of these means that their owners acknowledged the importance of what had been devised to further the safety of their property.

SUFFIELD'S ENGINE-ROOM TELEGRAPHS. The invention and general arrangement of maIr gives us much pleasure when we are able to lay rine engine-room telegraphs of which we here before our readers descriptions of machinery or give illustrations, have been perfected by Mr. T. processes of manufacture which are actually in Suffield, of Bermondsey-wall, after several years of successful and daily operation, as distinguished from practical experience with them on board British and foreign merchant steamers and foreign those inventions with which we have frequently government vessels, and, as we have said, very to do, and which are occasionally little more than recently on board the vessels of H. M. Navy. We crude ideas, found to involve considerable labour are much pleased to learn that the Lords Commisin working them out before arriving at results sioners of the Admiralty have just given Mr. which fully answer the purpose intended. It not Suffield extensive orders to fit several line-ofunusually happens that inventions in the course of useful instruments. battle ships and frigates with these valuable and In a recent number we laid being rendered really workable are so far modified before our readers the result of a series of experifrom what was at first conceived that littlements with the above and other telegraphs carried resemblance remains in them to the things they were expected to be like, inventors frequently abandoning their original ideas altogether, new lights breaking in upon them as they proceed. It is peculiarly satisfactory when we can witness any arrangement of mechanism which has passed through these uncertain stages of its existance, and become sufficiently perfect to warrant us in presuming that it is subject to no change which can either increase its efficiency or even diminish its cost, all being done that is necessary in both these directions.

The invention which we now purpose to describe, although in its perfected form exceedingly simple, is just one of those which has passed-to employ a piece of common but indifferent imagery -through a most fiery ordeal, but from which it has escaped thoroughly unscathed. It is one, moreover, which presents this peculiarity, namely, that if it had not been rendered perfect it would in all probability be worse than useless to attempt its adoption, as it might bring about the very calamity the occurrence of which it is designed to prevent. From the first time steam-vessels were started, their comparatively rapid movements when compared with sailing-vessels has rendered it hazardous, both to themselves and other craft, to work them in crowded or confined places when their steam-power was employed, and perhaps even more so when running with full steam in the open sea, in the dark, or in hazy weather. To suddenly stop or move, especially to change the direction of motion of a heavy mass like a large vessel under full steam, is no easy matter even under the most favourable circumstances, but when this is required to be done in rough and boisterous weather, with steam blowing off at the time, or, in the case of war-vessels, when evolutions are necessary during an action amidst the din and roar of cannon, sudden movements or stoppages are rendered absolute impossibilities unless means are provided

out at Sheerness under the able direction of Capt. Halsted, and noted the superiority which the telegraph under notice maintained. On board the Great Eastern, also, Mr. Scott Russell and Captain Harrison fully acknowledged the great services these instruments had rendered while steaming down the river, and the reliance they placed in their accuracy. This favourable opinion was completely shared by the engineers working the paddle and screw engines.

In proof of the very rapid action of these instruments we may relate the following circumstance which occurred on board the Great Eastern on her passage round to Holyhead. One of the sails with the lever of one of the deck dials, caused the getting loose, and the wind dashing it in contact indicator to fly round from "full speed" (ahead) to "full speed" (astern). Such a sudden signal to the engineers of the screw engines very naturally much surprised them, but in obedience to reversed, thus proving what could be done in a the signal, the engines were almost momentarily time of need, the engineers below imagining nothing short of some vessel having come across the Great Eastern's bows or other like catastrophe. Captain Harrison instantly noticed the reduction in the speed of the vessel, sprung to the dial, and gave a counter-order, which was carried out without a word having been spoken, and in the same time as before by those in charge of the screw engines. On the circumstance being communicated below to Mr. Langdon and Mr. Beckwith, who were in charge of the screw engines, and representing Messrs. Boulton and Watt, it caused some degree of pleasure to learn there had been no danger, but proved most completely the possibility of rapidly and with certainty passing the word without any chance of being misunderstood.

| affecting the sight of the commander when taken off it, a simple and efficient arrangement is made, termed a night-shade, which by the working of the lever opens to the sight that division only which has upon it the signal which is to be communicated. These domes A A are fitted in the most convenient place for instant communication by the commander at each side of the ship, as we have said, either on the bridge or in the hammock nettings near the gangway, or sometimes on the poop, connections being made from them by gearing very neatly and substantially arranged, as shown at CC, Fig. 1, consisting of bevil wheels fitted in cast-iron brackets fixed in convenient positions against the side of the ship or on the side each side of the ship meeting at or near the centre or underneath the deck beams; the shafting from of the vessel at D. From this point the shaft either dips vertically or runs along horizontally (fore and aft) as the case may be, to the engine room through the deck beams, or in the most suitable manner, and terminates at the back of the engineroom dial E, Fig. 4, when the communication is complete. In order to ensure that no strain can be put upon the shafting and gearing when the ship is taking in her cargo, or working in a sea-way, Mr. Suffield has arranged a very simple piece of mechanism termed an "expansion joint," FFF, Fig. 1, which admits the whole of the gearing working with a degree of accuracy and freedom otherwise unapproachable.

One of the most important parts of the arrange ment consists in the engine-room dial and gougFigs. 3 and 4-which are remarkable for their simplicity, certainty of action, and non-liability of derangement. They consist of a powerful gong, worked in conjunction with a figured dial (Fig. 3), protected and secured by a brass glazed frame under lock and key, in charge of the chief-engineer. This dial is fixed immediately before the engineer, on the opposite side to the starting gear, in a convenient and open position. The commander, communicating from the deck dials, causes the gong to sound at every move of the index-hand of the engine-room dial, which latter at once shows to the engineers the order given. This index cannot be passed from one word to another without striking the gong and calling the immediate attention of those below. Another important arrangement consists in fitting "attention" bells both in the engineroom at each deck-dial (worked by foot or otherwise), by which a communication can be kept up stoppages or other causes previous to giving between the commander and engineer during orders by the engine room telegraph which are imperative, the telegraph never being touched except it be intended that the order given should forthwith be carried out. This completes the arrangement of communication.

The distance from the bridge to the gangway is, however, in some vessels we have seen as much as 80 feet, and unless dial plates are als) fitted in the former position, men must necessarily be

employed to pass the word from the commander (if on the bridge) to the man near the gangway, by whom it would be passed backwards to the engineer by means of the telegraphs.

We are informed that Mr. Suffield has been making a number of double-acting telegraphs for a foreign government; also some for an eminen engineering firm. We trust the advance he is now making will reward him for the indefatigable attention he has given to perfect the instruments having practically experimented with them for some years at a considerable outlay, with the de termination to produce an efficient and durabl instrument, and one which should answer every We here endeavour to show the various fittings requirement for the prevention of derangement. and the mode of working the telegraphs when From what we have seen of the invention we feel fitted to merchant steamers, as also to line-of-satisfied that he has succeeded in producing all battle ships and frigates. The deck dials for use of the commander consist of brass domes A 4, Fig. 1 and 2, fitted with internal lamps and reflectors, and a divisional dial B B, Figs. 5, 6, and 7 (the latter on an enlarged scale), glazed and lettered in glass for illuminating by night. To prevent the whole surface of the illuminated dial

that can be desired, and most heartily wish him success in getting the instruments into general

use.

readers a simple and efficient steering apparatus We hope soon to be able to lay before our to be worked in conjunction with these telegraphs, and which is now undergoing completion by the same manufacturer.

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to their father.

At a general meeting of the British Iron Trade, held at the King's Head Inn, Gloucester, on the 29th March, 1811, present the representatives of 14 firms of the principal manufacturers then using the patents for puddling and rolling, a petition was presented by Mr. Robert Thompson, uncle to the late Alderman Thompson, from Elizabeth Cort, the widow of Henry Cort, representing the pecuniary distress of herself and family. The meeting in consideration that the iron trade was much indebted to her late husband for his inventions in the manufacture of iron,

Resolved, "That a subscription be raised for her relief, that the disposal of the same be referred to a committee of four gentlemen, to consider how it should be converted for the use

of herself and family, and that such a subscription be transmitted to the bank of Hill and Co., Stourbridge."

Resolved, That such committee shall con

sist of Mr. Reynolds, for Shorpshire; Mr.
Robert Thompson, for South Wales; Mr.
Gibbons, for Staffordshire; Mr. Butler, for the
North."

remuneration. That the iron masters, as a | already quoted in direct conflict with his subse-
class, are extremely wealthy cannot be doubted, quent statement, the committee suddenly closed
but there have been great periods of depres- the investigation, excluded all evidence in ex-
sion, and the trade has for a century past been planation or refutation of his statements, and
in the hands of a sufficient number to ensure reported to the House that though a consider-
keen competition whenever the profits of manu- able share of merit was due to Henry Cort
facture might happen to yield an extraordinary they could not satisfy themselves it was suffi-
cient to entitle the petitioner to a Parliamentary
return on the capital employed.
reward. The committee, further reported, re-
commending that in consideration of Henry
Cort's share of merit the expense of prosecuting
the petition should be defrayed by a vote of
the House.

The case of Henry Cort ought to be urged
as a claim on and against the nation rather than
the iron masters; the nation at large has
benefited by his genius and laborious per-
severing industry; the civilization, the
comforts, the convenience, the capacity of the
community, has advanced with the manufacture
of iron in a most wonderful manner; the Rail-
ways, the Britt nia Bridge, the Crystal Palace,
and the Great Eastern, are types of this advance
of the iron age of the last half century.

The iron-masters encouraged Cort's inventions, they were no party to the defalcations and to the gross injustice of the seizing and locking up the patents until after the expiration of their respective terms. The gain from Cort's inventions has been a national gain; the injustice which deprived him of his certain reward was the fraud of public officials; the compensation for such injustice should be a national act.

The meeting at Bristol was followed by a petition to the House of Commons from Coningsby Cort, the eldest son of Henry Cort, as to which the journals (vol. 67, 24th January, 1812, p. 77,) contain the entry, of the petition on behalf of himself and the family of Henry Cort, consisting of a widow and nine other children, being presented to the House of Commons by Mr. Manners Sutton, by command of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, who recommended it to the consideration of the House.

A Committee of the House of Commons was moved for by Mr. Manners Sutton, then Judge The list of subscribers composed forty-one Advocate, and appointed to inquire into the firms then using the patents, and the sum sub- claims of the petitioner. The committee comscribed amounted to £871; being a contribu-prised the Secretary to the Treasury, the Secretion of 30 guineas from one, and 20 guineas tary to the Admiralty, and the Comptroller of from forty firms, in acknowledgement of the the Navy; the son of the defaulter who had enjoyment during twenty years of inventions, ruined Henry Cort, and whose impeachment which but for the extraordinary circumstances had taken place only a few years before, was at above set forth would probably have yielded to the time first Lord of the Admiralty; votes the family a quarter of a million sterling. The influenced by the relatives of that defaulter firm of Crawshay, Hall, and Bailey, who were were important to the Ministry struggling to prominently indebted to Henry Cort, he having carry on a war at a great cost in the face of a personally superintended the erection of their powerful opposition. This was an inconvenient, works from his own plans, assisted by his own not to say a dangerous, crisis for the renewal of workmen, headed the list with the largest sub- the political agitation attending the impeachscription. The amount due from that firm ment of Henry Cort's destroyer only six years under the contract signed by the late Mr. before, a revival which must have led to the Richard Crawshay, and secreted with the inevitable consequence of a full inquiry into patents and other contracts by the Treasurer of the petitioner's claims, involving as it would the Navy in 1789, was not far short of £25,000, the merits of Henry Cort and the cause of his for iron manufactured from 1789 to 1798, ruin. during the subsistence of the patent right.

The amount so subscribed has been occasionally contrasted with the £250,000 which would have been paid in royalties for patent right, and with the much larger amount of profits mide by the manufacturer, by reason of Cort's labours during the subsistence of the patents; and contrasts have been suggested unfavourable to the liberality or generosity of the persons engaged in a trade which received so great an impulse from the labours of Cort. But it may be doubted whether this is quite a proper view of the matter; if the contracts and patent rights had been enforced the amount of the royalty, and something probably in addition, would have been added to the trade price of the manufactured iron. The public would have paid in the price of the article the amount which Cort ought to have received as his reward and

The case of the petitioner was supported by Mr. R. Hill, brother to Mr. Anthony Hill, the only surviving iron-master who witnessed the introductions of Cort's inventions; Mr. Benjamin Hall, father of Sir B. Hall, the present Lord Llanover, partner in the firm of Crawshay, Hall, and Bailey; and other experienced ironmasters; one witness was called by the chairman in opposition, Samuel Homfray, who attributed the improvement in the iron manufactures to some improvements of his own, founded on, so to speak, and involving the processes of Cort; his "finer's metal," as it was called, being subjected to the puddling process of Cort. Upon such testimony, notwithstanding that Homfray had concurred in the resolutions of the meeting at Gloucester, and been a subscriber to the fund then raised, and had twenty-five years before written the letter

It is more than probable that the same political considerations which had led to the hasty and premature closing of the inquiry rendered it advisable that the chairman should not move the vote of the payment of the expenses, amounting to £250, which the committee had recommended, and that all future applications for any investigation of the excluded evidence which might have re-opened the whole question should be discouraged. Certain it is that the House never was moved for the payment of the expenses so recommended, that Mr. Coningsby Cort and the poor applicants had to bear and discharge the expense of the petition, amounting to £250, and that the children of Henry Cort were never able to obtain an inquiry into the voluminous mass of evidence collected within three months of the close of the inquiry from the most eminent men, in refutation of the disengenuous and unexpected statement of Mr. Samuel Homfray.

It cost Mr. Giddy, the chairman of the committee, nothing to state, when this mass of in time the report of the committee would have evidence was laid before him, that had it been been very different; but there was no excuse for his omission of the simple act of justice to move for the payment of the expenses incurred by the petitioners in the investigation, as recommended by the report which he had signed.

Public opinion never acquiesced in the decision of the Committee of the House of The following Commons upon Cort's claims. answer to the application to the Treasury was an evasion of the question, dictated probably by the political considerations already referred

to:

"Treasury Chambers, 14th Aug., 1812." "SIR, My Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury having had under consideration your memorial, dated 31st ultimo, praying that some allowance may be granted to you towards reimbursing the expenses incurred by you in making application to Parliament for a reward on account of the discoveries made by your father in the mode of converting cast iron into malleable iron, and of the rolling it into bars, but which was not granted; I have it in command from their Lordships to acquaint you that your application having undergone the decision of the House of Commons, my Lords cannot exercise a discretion in opposition to the sense declared by the vote of that House. "I am, Sir, your obedient servant, "H. WHARTON." "Mr. Coningsby Cort, King-street, Bloomsbury." The expenses had never been brought before, or the subject of any vote of, the House of Commous, so that the above answer was, on any view, an evasion of the question. The result of the petition to the House of Commons gave no great encouragement to the hopes of adequate compensation or remuneration to the Cort family; the widow, Mrs. Cort, continued to enjoy her pension of £125 until her death in 1816, and after her death a peusion of £25 (is. was granted to each of her spinster daughters, Such was the only national acknowledgement

of the merits and wrongs of Henry Cort until 1856, when by the bounty of Lord Palmerston a pension of £50 was conceded to Richard, the youngest and only surviving son of Henry Cort. By the exertions of Richard Cort, who after nearly fifty years' service in offices of trust in the Penclawdd Copper, and British Iron, and other companies in succession, public opinion has, through the press, been aroused to the injustice of permitting the only three surviving children of Henry Cort to end their days in a penurious subsistence.

In May, 1855, Richard Cort addressed a memorial to the Treasury, but their lordships declined to re-open a question on which they had adjudicated. The chairman of the council of the Society of Arts, Dr. Booth, in his annual address on the 21st of November, 1855, alluding to the fortunes of the hapless inventor, instanced Henry Cort as one of those "who enrich the nation but beggar themselves," neither he nor his audience being then aware that he had been no victim of ordinary misfortune or ill luck, but had been sacrificed to official delinquency.

Since then the subject has been taken up by many of the most eminent men in the country, and sums of money have been subscribed to enable Richard Cort to press the claims of the three survivors on the attention of the nation. Richard Cort, with an energy and perseverance worthy of his name, has since 1812 endeavoured to rouse a sense of the claims of his family on national gratitude, and not wholly without success, as evidenced by the pension conceded by Lord Palmerston in 1856 already mentioned, ⚫ upon the report of Sir Roderick Murchison and Dr. Percy, directors of the Metallurgical Department of the School of Mines, on Cort's inventions.

The public press, with singular concurrence and unanimity, has urged the claim of Richard Cort and his two aged spinster sisters on public sympathy and support for their declining years, and greater unanimity of public opinion never existed on any similar question; and on a review of the parliamentary bounties which have been awarded it may be doubted whether any case can present claims comparable to these of Henry Cort. The present occasion is well timed, the nation having at this moment a very large and annually increasing surplus from the funds levied on inventors under the new system of patents.

The official fees paid by inventors during the first seven years ending the 1st of October, 1859, reached an amount greatly in excess of the expenditure during the same period, on objects for which inventors and inventions can derive any benefit, so that the nation now owes to inventors a very large surplus of cash in hand. Can there be a more appropriate application of a portion of the surplus so absorbed by the Consolidation Fund than a bounty to meritorious inventors or their families, who from whatever cause have not derived any adequate reward or remuneration for the benefits conferred on the nation.

This, though pre-eminently an inventor's question, is not without deep interest to all men of science and literature-in fact, to all who live by intellectual labour, in whatever form it may be embodied.

Mr. Fairbairn has recently come forward in the most liberal manner to head a subscription, and a committee of influential persons, for the purpose of securing to Richard Cort and his two surviving sisters, all now between 70 and 80 years of age, some recognition of their claims on the national wealth created by the inventions of their father. The disinterested spirit of generosity and sympathy with which

this movement has been undertaken can hardly fail to meet with a response, and to secure at least some acknowledgement of what the nation owes to the father by a suitable provision for the only three survivors of the name of Cort.*

TELEGRAPHS FOR TARGETS.

THE following will, we believe, prove a very useful suggestion :—

GENTLEMEN,-Rifle targets and "butts" are being constructed in great numbers in all parts of the country. It occurs to me that the employment of an electric telegraph to notify the position of each shot would save much time, trouble, and expense, as a substitute for the plan of bugle signals or other modes.

A double wire telegraph laid from the shooting house to the target-man's pit (in front of the targets) would be a small proportionate addition to the expense of a practise ground, and would add much to its completeness and safety.

The ground prepared for the corps to which I belong, "The London Scottish Volunteers," at the Crystal Palace will cost about £500. The plan I suggest is as follows:-A dial and pointer and a bell are to be fixed at each end of the wires, that is, at the shooting house, and in the targetman's pit. When a ball strikes he will with his left hand move a handle that turns the pointer on each dial to the exact direction of the hit on the target, that is above, below, right or left, or in the intermediate positions.

With his right hand he will then sound the bell (at the shooting house) by the electric current

one, two, three, or four times, as the shot is in the outer, the inner, the third ring, or bull's eye, so as to tell the value of the shot. Yours, &c.

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Dated Dec. 1, 1859. 2716. G. K. Geyelin. Making close folding metallic spring laths, mattresses, and bedsteads. 2718. A. Mosselman. An aromal electrical girdle. 2720. J. Cocks. Improvements in the mode of manufacturing cloths or materials for trowserings. 2722. W. E. Newton. Improved apparatus ap. plicable for beating eggs, or mixing substances or liquids. (A communication.)

2724. G. Davidson. Improvements in the manufacture of paper bags, and in the machinery or apparatus used therein.

2726. N. S. Dodge. Improvements in the construction of lamps. (A communication.)

Dated Dec. 2, 1859.

2728. J. Moore. An improved damper of chimneys and flues.

2730. D. Makinson and J. Hope. Certain improvements in carding engines.

2732. W. H. Aldridge. Certain improvements in

paddle wheels or propellers of steam ships. ing india-rubber, gutta percha, and analogous gums. 2734. A. V. Newton. An improved mode of treat(A communication.)

Dated Dec. 3, 1859. 2736. T. Hall. Certain improvements in the construction of cartridges.

2738. F. Palling. Improvements in the construc tion of lamps burning oils and tallow. 2742. P. M. Parsons. Improvements in fire-arms and projectiles. 2744. J. Rudkin. Improvements in stoppers for

bottles.

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2758. C. Sells. Improvements in marine steamengines for driving screw and other propellers. 2760. J. Jones and J. Hilton. Improvements in apparatus to be used in dyeing, dunging, soaping, and clearing fabrics.

2764. F. Potts. Improvements in the mode of manufacturing or finishing tubes for certain purposes. Dated Dec. 7, 1859. 2765. F. Levick. A new or improved coke oven. 2767. J. Anderson. Improvements in obtaining motive power.

2768. T. Bradford. Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for wringing and mangling textile fabrics.

2769. R. A. Brooman. Improvements in marine steam-engines for driving screw and other propellers, and in screw propellers. (A communication.)

2770. F. W. Schäfer. Improvements in cash, deed,

struction of breech-loading fire-arms. 2583. H. J. Daniell. Improvements in the con- jewel, and other boxes.

Dated Nov. 19, 1859.

2622. C. Bosc. The manufacture of artificial

marbles.

2626. J. Hollingsworth. Improvements in the mode of and machinery for cutting irregular and other forms. (Partly a communication.)

Dated Nov. 23, 1859. 2648. W. H. Ward. Improved signal lanterns. Dated Nov. 25, 1859. 2666. W. Smith. Improvements in applying and working propellers in boats and vessels. (A communication.)

Dated Nov. 30, 1859.

Im

2706. B. Samuelson and W. Manwaring. provements in reaping and mowing machines. 2708. E. Dorsett. A new manufacture of heavy oil. 2710. H. de Matthys. Improvements in electric telegraph cables.

2712. W. E. Newton. Improvements in the construction of pianofortes. (A communication.) 2714. J. Lawson and S. Cotton. Improvements in machinery for cutting and forming the teeth or cogs of wheels.

The Committee, of which William Fairbairn is the Chairman, consists of the Mayor of Manchester (Ivie Mackie), Thomas Bazley, M.P., James A. Turner, M.P., Richard Cobden, M.P., Messrs. Whitworth, Hick, Penn,

Boyd, and Webster, are soliciting subscriptions with the view of purchasing annuities for, or otherwise securing the comfort of, the declining years of the survivors of the "Cort Family." Manchester, acts as Secretary. Mr. David Morris, 1 Market-street,

2771. R. H. Collyer. A chemical ink-pencil or composition applicable as an instrument or means for writing, drawing, and marking.

2772. M. Jacoby. Improvements in the manufacture of twist lace.

2773. T. R. Harding. Improvements in combs or hackles for combing, carding, or hackling flax, cotton, silk, or other fibrous materials (which are also applicable to raising the nap or pile of woollen or other cloths), and in the making of pins or teeth for such combs or hackles.

2775. C. C. S. de Changy. Improvements in the manufacture of bread, which improvements are also applicable in the preparation of dough or paste for other purposes.

2776. J. Mabbott. Improvements in wind-guards for chimneys.

2777. R. T. Pattison. Improvements in printing and dyeing certain woven fabrics and yarns. Dated Dec. 8, 1859.

2778. W. Spence. Improvements in rotating har. rows. (A communication.)

manufacture of boilers, ships, tanks, and other hollow 2779. J. G. N. Alleyne. Improvements in the

vessels of iron and steel.

2780. J. Arrowsmith. A new or improved method of constructing land batteries and gun boats.

2781. J. Arrowsmith. Improvements in the manu. facture of beams or girders, and in machinery and furnaces used in the said manufacture.

2783. R. Gray and T. H. Scholfield. Improvements in flattening and tempering steel wire and sheet steel, and also in the tubes employed in the furnaces.

2784. T. Crook. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for making paper bags.

2785. W. Prosser and J. Hogg. An improved cooking apparatus particularly suitable for military purposes.

2786. J. Norris, jun., and T. Till. Improvements in machinery to be used in manufacturing horse-nails and other wrought nails.

2787. F. H. Elliott and C. A. Elliott. An improved method of preventing drawing boards and other flat wooden surfaces from warping or twisting, and of adding to the strength thereof.

2783. A. Rumpff. An improved fastening for portemonnaies, portfolios, bags, and other like articles. (A communication)

2789. J. Macintosh. Improvements in the manufacture of waterproof and other fabrics, and of moulded or formed articles.

2790. J. Macintosh. artificial teeth.

Improvements in setting

2791. J. Macintosh. Improvements in cartridges and projectiles.

Dated Dec. 9, 1859. 2792. W. Boaler. An improved compound for washing purposes.

2793. J. Lawson and W. Hago. Improvements in apparatus to be used in spinning or twisting.

2791. J. Spiller. Improvements in drying articles or bodies formed of plastic clay.

2795. J. Tenwick. Improvements in the construction of steering apparatus adapted for ships and such like navigable vessels.

2796. H. Hughes and J. Moore. Improvements in machinery for transferring and for transferring and engraving designs and figures on to cylindrical and

flat surfaces.

2797. J. D. Dunnicliff. An improvement in the

manufacture of bonnet fronts and ruches.

2798. W. Betts. An improved manufacture of capsules.

2799. J. Thomson, R. Thomson, and H. Thomson. An improved agricultural implement.

Dated Dec. 10, 1859.

2309. R. Heilman. The preparation of a new colour, called Azaleine, and its application to dyeing and printing. (A communication.)

2801. F. C. Calvert and C. Lowe. Improvements in dyeing and printing certain yarns and fabrics. 2802. G. Davies. An improvement in tobacco pipes, mouthpieces, and cigar or cigarette holders. (A communication.)

2503. W. Horton. An improvement or improvements in steam-boilers.

2801. C. Gammon. An improved fastener for gloves and other articles.

2805. J. Farquhar. Improvements in gas-meters. 2806. W. Whiteley. Improvements in looms for weaving.

2807. J. Chatterton. Improvements in the manu. facture of projectiles.

2308. I. L. Bell. Improvements in the manufacture of the sulphate of magnesia.

Dated Dec. 13, 1859.

2825. C. Vinall. Improvements in, and mechanism for, retaining the rollers of window blinds, maps, charts, and other articles requiring to be wound on rollers.

2826. T. Redwood. Improvements in the manufacture of paper and of substances used in paper making, and for other purposes.

2827. G. Withers. Certain improvements in blocks for moulding and shaping glass during the process of blowing or forming glass, for blowing sheet glass, glass shades, and such like articles.

2828. J. R. Johnson and J. S. Atkinson. Improvements in machinery for manufacturing printing types, 2829. W. Harding. Improvements in breechloading fire-arms and in cartridge carriers. 2830. J. Barling.

vessels. 2831. W. Robinson. ing machines.

Improvements in propelling

Improvements in cask wash

2833. J. H. Dickson. Improvements in the manufacture of yarns, and in the machinery to be employed in the preparation of certain fibres to be thus manufactured into yarns.

Dated Dec. 14, 1859.

2835. W. Clark. A heating apparatus for boots and shoes and other coverings for the feet. (A communication.)

2837. J. Champion. Certain improved arrangements of spindles, flyers, and bobbins, applicable to machinery or apparatus for preparing, spinning, and doubling fibrous materials.

2839. G. Leach. An improved mode of, and apparatus for, oiling, preparing, and mixing wool.

2811. R. Lawson. Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for punching patterns or devices upon metallic printing rollers or cylinders.

2813. J. Rhodes. Improvements in steam hammers. 2815. W. Watson. An improvement in preparing indigo for dyeing and other purposes.

2847. W. R. Crocker. Improvements in cutting corks and bungs, and in apparatus employed therein. Dated Dec. 15, 1859.

2851. B. Predavalle. Improvements in producing or obtaining motive power.

2853. W. Westwood. Improvements in the manufacture and burning of Portland cement, 2855. J. K. Hardy. Improvements in the manufacture of bottle stands.

2857. C. Hancock. Improvements in insulating telegraphic conductors, and manufacturing cables for telegraphic purposes.

2859. D. J. Fleetwood. Improvements in machinery for raising and stamping metal.

PATENTS APPLIED FOR WITH COMPLETE

SPECIFICATIONS.

2873. T. Fairbanks. An improved scale for weighing letters. Dated Dec. 17, 1859.

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2643. T. B. Daft. Coating sheathing metal. 2675. F. Scheithauer. Printing fabrics. 2692. C. Sells. Steam-engines.

2720. J. Cocks. Trowserings. 2724. G. Davidson. Paper bags. 2727. W. Betts. Capsules.

2754. W. Hutton. Preventing the destruction of timber.

2758. C. Sells. Marine steam-engines. 2767. J. Anderson. Motive power.

2778. W. Spence. Harrows. (A communication.) 2794. J. Spiller. Drying articles. 2798. W. Betts. Capsules. 2805. J. Farquhar. Gas meters. 2306. W Whiteley. Looms. 2817. P. Stirling. Traction engines. 2830. J. Barling. Propelling vessels. 2373. T. Fairbanks. Scale.

The full titles of the patents in the above list can be ascertained by referring back to their numbers in the list of

provisional protections previously published.

Opposition can be entered to the granting of a patent to any of the parties in the above list who have given notice of their intention to proceed, within twenty-one days from the at the Commissioners' office particulars in writing of the objection to the application.

date of the Gazette in which the notice appears, by leaving

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2875. M. Wright. Fastening packing cases by being detected, and termed by him" detective fastenwhich they cannot be opened without such opening PATENTS ON WHICH THE THIRD YEAR'S STAMP

2809. J. Chatterton and W. Smith. Improvements in insulating telegraphic conductors, and in the treating for packing cases." Dated Dec. 17, 1859. ment of gutta percha.

2810. S. W. Campain. Improved machinery for removing or elevating straw and other agricultural produce.

2811. W. W. Bonnin and F. Pons. A new system and improvements in locomotive engines.

2312. D. Strickland. An apparatus for separating, sifting, sorting, and cleansing mineral ores.

Dated Dec. 12, 1859.

2313. R. Emery. Improvements in carriages for common roads.

2514. J. R. Breckon and R. Dixon. Improvements in the construction of coke ovens.

2315. P. G. Gennerich. A new system of motive power, applicable for working cranes and wheels. 2316. T. Stather. Improvements in the ventilation of buildings, ships, and enclosed places.

2817. P.Stirling. Improvements in traction engines. 2818. G. C. Watson. Novel and artistic bricks or "lumps" for the reception, growth, and propagation of ferns, mosses, and other plants.

2819. G. Lough. An improved compound motive power engine.

2820. G. H. Rollet. An improved machine for the manufacture of pressed bullets.

2821. W, Clay. An improved mode of manufac turing cannon and other ordnance.

2822. J. R. Isaac. Improvements in the construction of hand boxes for travellers.

2823. J. Bailey. Improvements in the manufacture of corsets and stays.

2824. W. Teall. Improvements in treating fatty and oily matters obtained from wash waters. (A communication.)

2896. J. Willcock. A new and improved machine for cutting or mincing meat, vegetables, &c. (A communication.) Dated Dec. 20, 1859.

NOTICES OF INTENTION TO PROCEED . WITH PATENTS.

(From the London Gazette, Dec. 27, 1859.) 1867. D. Campbell. Oils. 1873. K. Bühring. Obtaining spring power. 1879. S. Harrison. Broiling meat. 1885. J. Poupard. Blackleading stoves. 1893. H. Medlock. Kilns or furnaces. 1897. A. Yockney. Refining oils. 1898. W. Grimshaw for washing, &c.

1900. A. J. Canu. 1904. P. Salmon.

and S. Mason, jun. Machinery

Crushing stones. Locomotives.

1911. E. Hardon. Looms. 1912. W. Finegan. Lubricating machinery. 1914. G. W. Petter and T. D. Galpin. Printing presses.

1917. J. J. O. Taylor. Separating silex from iron. 1920. H. Parkes. Cylinders. 1922. O. Maggs. Taps and cocks. 1931. G. Pearson. Boots and shoes. 1933. J. Henry and J. E. H. Andrew. Looms. 1934. J. Blake. Gauges.

1911. A. P. Chamberlain. Cutting corks. 1959. J. Whitworth. Firearms and ammunition. 1960. T. Meriton. Governors.

1963. W. Clark. Sewing machinery. (A com. munication.)

1971. J. Hare. Pianofortes.

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NOTE. Specifications will be forwarded by post from the Great Seal Patent Office (publishing department) on re ceipt of the amount of price and postage. Sum exceeding 58. must be remitted by Post Office Order, made payable at the Post Office, High Holborn, to Mr. Bennet Woodcroft, Great Seal Patent Office.

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