invasion, I would defend such buildings with my frictional grenades, which can be made to explode with unerring certainty within five or six feet of the ground, whatever height the building may be of, high church or low.

This frictional grenade formed one of the many practical experiments I recently made at Chatham with the sanction of his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief, and the late Secretary of State for War. Captain Lemprière, R.E., who superintended the experiments, reported of the frictional grenades that they answered admirably. Having obtained permission from Mr. Jones, proprietor of the far-famed Rosherville Gardens, I shall with great pleasure show the manner of using my grenades to all persons wishing to understand it, as well as other experiments, such as were practically demonstrated at Chatham; Mr. Lock, the instructor of rifle practice on the grounds, will assist me in the course of the experiments. I am, your obedient servant,

The rank and position held by the original informant, you will admit, render his authority unquestionable, while the matter of the documents berewith enclosed being entirely derived from Mr. Clifford's immediate supporters, are not to be objected to, on his side at any rate. The first of these witnesses states that although assured of the truth of the Orwell's deplorable disaster by Mr. Green's officers themselves, that the fault which occasioned it was attributed to the "lowering man," and that no blame was attached to the apparatus itself. The second, you will observe, is silent altogether as to the cause of the catastrophe, but dwells on the fact of two only of the boat's crew having been drowned, the remaining two having died subsequently through want of food and exposure to a snow-storm (a condition of the atmosphere, one would imagine, fatal to the safe working of Mr. Clifford's pendants and nipsheaves). Be it as it may, these two versions of the affair do not by any means tend to remove the veil of mystery which hangs about it, and it is to be regretted, therefore, that Mr. Clifford, professing as he does to work for the public good, confines the terms of that part of his last letter to a short phrase of exoneration of his plan on the part of Messrs. Green and the master of the Orwell, leaving the public totally in the dark in those points of detail on which the latter would necessarily desire to be informed. By leaving the matter thus in its incomplete shape, would seem to offer a parallel, as far as the public curiosity is concerned, to the testimonial afforded by some imaginary proprietor of a coal mine to disaster of another sort, which we will suppose, for the sake of illustration, to run thus ::-

"DEAR SIR,-With reference to your note just received, I beg to inform you that the explosion of fire-damp in the mine of which I am the proprietor, which caused the melancholy loss of all the workmen engaged in it at the time, is not attributable to the Patent Safety Lamp of your invention, which they carried in their hands, and no blame whatever can be attached to that valuable invention. "I am, &c., &c."

The remainder of Mr. Clifford's letter is not remarkable for its accuracy, more especially in that passage where he arrogates to his invention the merit of standing alone in the great cause of saving human life; he must be well aware (indeed

the public in general, for the fact went the round of the public journals), that the captain of the Euryalus, (the second ship supplied with Captain Kynaston's life-hooks), bears record to the fact of a seaman's life being saved by this method under

somewhat difficult circumstances.

It seems, moreover, that Mr. Clifford's frequently expressed desire of competitive trials being ordered between the two methods, has been always forestalled, and that trials are in progress, and, as far as I can glean, more especially in the case of the Exmouth and Topaze, tliat these trials have not been favourable to Mr. Clifford.

The test of time, and changes of the atmosphere, I may observe, are the chief enemies to Mr. Clifford's arrangements; and surely as a naval officer of some practical experience and long sea service, I may hardly with reason be accused of preaching mere vague theories to a person of an opposite calling, who although he may have invented an ingenious plan for lowering boats, and has frequently been lowered in them himself, can have no experience in the ever-varying changes of a ship's voyage, and the means of adapting any part of our naval economy-management of boats included-to meet them. I remain, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant,

NAUTICUS.

Our Weekly Gossip.

THE Commission, consisting of Professors Faraday. Hofmann, and Tyndall, Mr. R. Redgrave, R.A., and Capt. Fowke, R.É.,-appointed for the purpose of reporting to the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council on Education "On the lighting of picture galleries by gas, and on any precautions (if necessary) against the escape of gas, and the products of its combustion"-having met at various times and considered the subject referred to them, now make the following report: There is nothing innate in coal gas which renders its application to the illumination of picture galleries objectionable. Its light, though not so white as that of the sun, is equallyharinless; its radiant heat inay be rendered innocuous by placing a sufficient distance between the gas jets and the pictures, while the heat of combustion may be rendered eminently serviceable in promoting ventilation. Coal gas may be free from sulphuretted hydrogen compounds, and in London is so at the present time; it then has little or no direct action on pictures. But it has not as yet been cleansed from sulphide of carbon, which, on combustion, yields sulphurous acid gas capable of producing 22 grains of sulphuric acid per 100 cubic feet of present London coal gas. It is not safe to permit this product of the combustion to come in contact with pictures painted either in oil or water colours; and the Commission are emphatically of opinion that in every system of permanent gas lighting for picture or July 24th, 1859. Sculpture galleries, provision should be made for the [Complaint has been made to the effect that it effectual exclusion or withdrawal of the products of is unfair to Mr. Clifford to permit this boat-lower- combustion from the chambers containing the works ing controversy to be pursued on one side by an of art. The Commission have examined the Sheepanonymous correspondent. It is said that while shanks' Gallery as an experimental attempt to light Mr. Clifford is made rigidly responsible for every pictures with gas, and are of opinion that the process word he utters, his opponent is practically irre- there carried out fulfils the condition of effectually sponsible, and cannot be made to suffer the just removing the products of combustion. According to illuminating the pictures and at the same time recompense of any inaccurate statements which the indications of the thermometer required and obhe may please to make. Readers must be aware tained, it does this in harmony with, and in aid of, the that the question thus raised is both a delicate ventilation, and does not make a difference of more and a serious one. On the one hand, we cannot than one degree Fahrenheit at the parts where the for a moment admit that there is any unfairness pictures are placed, between the temperatures, before in anonymous correspondence itself; nor can we and after the gas is lighted. Certain colour tests undertake to debar ourselves from inserting the consisting of surfaces covered with white lead, or with communications of those gentlemen who, from vegetable and mineral colours (especially the more holding high offices, or from other causes, are pre-magylp, and copal varnish were employed as vehicles, fugitive ones), and in which also boiled linseed oil, cluded from using their name in public controver- had been prepared, and were, when dry, covered one sies. On the other hand, we readily acknowledge fourth with mastic varnish, one fourth with glass, ono that when questions of fact, of momentous im- fourth with both mastic varnish and glass, and one portance to one of the disputants, are raised, as fourth left uncovered. Sixteen of these have been they have been in the present dispute, there is some placed for nearly two years in different situations, in risk of the anonymous writer exposing the other to some of which gas has been used, in others not. They an ordeal to which he would himself object. Conse- give no indications respecting the action of coal gas quently, after deliberation, we have decided that (except injury from heat in one placed purposely very it will be better to bring the present discussion to near to and above the gas burners), but seven of them an end. We have all confidence in the integrity either a town atmosphere or want of ventilation. The shew signs of chemical change in the whites, due to of "Nauticus," and our readers have had ample most injured is that from the National Gallery, proof of his ability; but notwithstanding these Charing Cross, and the next is from a country privy; things, we think full justice to Mr. Clifford re- the third much less changed is from the House of quires that the grave questions of fact which have Commons; the fourth is from the Barber Surgeons been raised should not be further discussed by a Hall; the fifth from the Bridgewater Gallery; the gentleman whose position imposes anonymousness sixth from the Royal Society's Rooms, Burlington upon him. The resolution we have come to in remaining tests hung in:-1. Sheepshanks' Gallery, House; the seventh from the British Museum. The this matter must be attributed solely to the nature South Kensington. 2. Secretary's Room at South of the subjects discussed; we would never for a Kensington, where no gas is used. 3. Mr. Henry moment think even of forcibly closing a purely Drummond's Drawing-room at Albury Park, Surrey. argumentative discussion on the grounds just 4. Sealed up and kept in a closet in the Secretary's stated. At a future time "Nauticus" will, we Room at South Kensington. 5. Lambeth Palace, trust, be relieved from his present restraint.Vestibule of the Staircase. 6. British Institution, EDS. M. M.] Picture Gallery. 7. Windsor Castle, room with a north aspect without gas. 8. Mr. Thomas Baring's Picture Gallery, 41 Upper Grosvenor-street, frequently lit with gas-present no observable change in this respect. Though apart from the especial subject submitted to the Commission the Members cannot resist a recommendation that this kind of trial, which is especially a painter's experiment, should be continued for a longer period, and, indeed, be carried out on a more extensive scale. The Commission think it right to state that they were unanimous on all points to which their attention had been called, or which are referred to in this report.

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A correspondent, a "Civilian," writes:-"In reading your article this week on the subject of rifled guns, it has struck me that what we want for immediate use is a rifled ball that can be applied at once to our smooth-bored artillery, not only in the navy, but all over the world. I should imagine (and would lay the case before inventors of warlike instruments for their consideration) that an elongated ball, with three or four spiral grooves cut into it, would by the action

of the exploding powder be made to rotate, and in very many respects resemble in its action a ball shot from a rifled cannon, and that smooth-bored guns furnished with such balls would partake very much of the quality of rifles."

A practical shipbuilding friend sends us the follow. ing useful memorandum:-"You are aware that yellow metal sheathing has recently failed to an extraordinary extent. It has been very usual to discover indications of galvanic action between the nail heads and the sheet metal. In the sample I send you herewith, it appears that the nail head, on the contrary, has preserved the sheet; and if you break the part of the sheet which is left in the reticulated state of the piece sent all over the ship's bottom, the fracture appears to be rather that of copper than of yellow metal; as if the zinc had been decomposed and the copper of the yellow metal composition left." The specimen forwarded entirely bears out these state

ments.

The following needs no introduction:-" Sidmouth, July 20, 1859. Gentlemen,-May I take the liberty to draw your attention to a little circumstance connected with the Electro Magnetic Coil. I some time since fitted myself up a machine according to directions as given by Bentley in the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE, No. 1769, for July 1st, 1857, with the excep tion of my primary wire being stouter than those recommended, No. 10, 30 yards long, instead of No. 14, with a condenser of about 130 series, 6 by 12, formed with stout writing paper, enclosed between two sheets of thin gutta-percha, so that the tin foil may be thoroughly insulated; my secondary wire is about two miles in length, No. 35. I find by applying a graphite battery of 12 pair of plates, 3 by 6 in., is gives a very sinart spark and very rapid; but if I take one of the pairs of plates and use 11 as a battery, and apply the poles of the remaining one to the poles of the former, connecting the zinc poles with each other, as also the graphite poles, the power is increased to a surprising degree, the magnetism in the core being increased three fold, and the spark at the terminals of the secondary wire proportionabiy exalted. Not having seen the circumstance mentioned, I am not aware if the fact has been before discovered. Perhaps some of your numerous corre spondents who might have a similar apparatus would be kind enough to try the experiment, and give the result through the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE. Yours respectfully, S. CHICK.-P.S. I find the same proportionate amount of power in a less number of plates, say 6 pair with the extra plate. The magnetism being so much increased, would it not prove a very superior arrangement for the magnetic engine. I have not had time to vary the number of plates in the secondary battery; probably a still greater power would be obtained by a series.-S. C.

Viscount Carlingford writes:-"To the Editors of the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE. Gentlemen,-Allow me to trouble you with the reply I forwarded to The Engineer, in answer to a letter addressed to you, therein inserted; your obedient servant, CARLINGFORD." "To the Editor of the Engineer. Sir, In reply to the letter of Mr. Robert Griffiths, in your last number, I trust you will allow me to inform him through your paper, that so far from claiming to be the inventor of his patent screw propeller, he will find on referring a second time to my two letters, published in the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE, that I have condemned its principle as regards its adjustable pitch. But let me inquire of him the reason he takes a new patent for that which he states he took a patent for ten years ago, while only five years ago the Admiralty had condemned all screw propellers then in existence, so much so that Government had ordered that no vessel worked by the screw should be employed to carry Her Majesty's mails? Then is it not clear that Mr. Griffiths has applied the pitch of the Carlingford screw to his old patented screw propeller, and now takes a new patent in the hopes of making the public believe that he is the inventor or discoverer of the new principle, which I alone discovered, and which alone gives to his screw propeller its new qualities. I trust the Admiralty will now see the propriety of giving the screw I presented to them and the country its proper name of the Carlingford Screw, and not insist further on calling it the Admiralty Screw-for none at the Admiralty had anything whatever to do with its discovery-and so put a stop to all persons in future attempting to take on themselves the merit of the real discovery by merely making some trivial alteration to some part of it which had nothing whatever to do with its principle, and then call it a new invention of their own. might as well bore holes in the chimney of a locomotive, and, taking a patent for it, call the entire my own invention. I remain, Sir, your obedient servant, CARLINGFORD. Swifte's Heath, 18th July, 1859."

I

Patents for Inventions.

-

ABRIDGED SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS.

THE abridged Specifications of Patents given below are classified, according to the subjects to which the respective inventions refer, in the following table. By the system of classification adopted, the numerical and chronological order of the specifications is preserved, and combined with all the advantages of a division into classes. It should be understood that these abridgements are prepared exclu

sively for this Magazine from official copies supplied by the Government, and are therefore the property of the proprietors of this Magazine. Other papers are hereby warned not to produce them without acknowledgement :STEAM ENGINES, &c., 2830, 2857, 2858. BOILERS AND THEIR FURNACES, 2838, 2847, 2866. ROADS AND VEHICLES, including railway plant and carriages, saddlery and harness, &c., 2856. SHIPS AND BOATS, including their fittings, 2825, 2844. CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL, including agricultural and horticultural implements and machines, 2828.

FOOD AND BEVERAGES, including apparatus for preparing FIBROUS FABRICS, including machinery for treating fibres, pulp, paper, &c., 2833, 2845, 2849, 2850, 2862, 2867. BUILDINGS AND BUILDING MATERIALS, including sewers, drain-pipes, brick and tile machines, &c., 2822, 2834, 2837, 2840, 2846.

food for men and animals, 2865.

LIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING, 2824, 2837, 2843, 2844, 2846, 2854.

FURNITURE AND APPAREL, including household utensils, time-keepers, jewellery, musical instruments, &c., 2819, 2820, 2823, 2826, 2827, 2829, 2841, 2842, 2852, 2854. METALS, including apparatus for their manufacture, 2831, 2847, 2859.

CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOGRAPHY, 2820.
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, 2835, 2836, 2864.
WARFARE. None.

LETTER PRESS PRINTING &c. None.

pipe for giving the supply. They cause the shaft of the bucket to work any suitable gearing, having hands pointing to any number of dials, so that the exact quantity of the water passing through one hole of the gutta-percha cylinder can be measured, which sum multiplied by the number of holes in the said cylinder will give the amount of supply. Patent abandoned.

2812. R. L. P. MANNING. "A floating paddlewheel." Dated Dember 8, 1858.

Here the inventor fixes two or more cylinders or drums to the sides of s ling vessels, making them of any suitable metal or material, and also watertight and air-tight, by which he increases the buoyancy of the vessel, and consequently its speed in sailing. For steam-vessels he gives the said cy linders or drums a rotary motion from the crankshaft of the engine, or by other suitable means, and by attaching paddle-boards to the surfaces of the said cylinders or drums, either transversely or diagonally, but the latter in preference, he obtains a very effectual and powerful means of propulsion. Patent

abandoned.

2813. M. HENRY. 66 Improvements in twisting fibrous materials, and in machinery or apparatus employed therein." (A communication.) Dated December 8, 1858.

The patentee claims, 1, the mode of twisting fibrous materials by bringing threads or yarns on to a reel, roller, wheel, or spool from off a number of bobbins, arranged on the same rapidly revolving spindle, the twisted threads or yarns passing between acylinder and a pressure plate, or between two twist regulating rollers at theupper part, so that if desired they may be gassed, glossed, or dressed during the progress of the opera tion. 2. The general arrangement and combination consisting of a spindle above, or at the end of which are situated a cylinder and pressure plate or two twist regulating rollers, and which spindle carries two or more bobbins, so arranged that their threads or yarns may be united between the cylinder and centrifrugal self-acting stop or arrrangement de pressure plate or between the regulating rollers. 3. The method of action or combination of parts of

MISCELLANEOUS, 2830, 2832, 2834, 2839, 2848, 2851, 2853, of parts and mode of action of twisting apparatus, 2855, 2856, 2860, 2861, 2863.

2810. G. F. CHANTRELL. "Improvements in apparatus applicable to the manufacture and revivification of animal or vegetable charcoal." Dated December 8, 1858.

October, 1853, and 8th June, 1855, and consists, 1, This relates to apparatuses patented on the 17th in causing an agitation in the char during the time it is being passed down through narrow retort cham-scribed, in which a thread guide held in place by the bers, in which it is being burnt. This is accomplished such thread or yarn happens to break, and is then thread or yarn itself as it passes, is released when by forming the inner surfaces of the retort chambers corrugated, the hollows and rounds of which corruga- volving or twisting appliance, and in which also the thrown outward by the centrifrugal action of the retions by preference should run horizontally. 2. In forming of corrugated metal the corrugated coolers wheel roller or reel on which the thread is being wound is provided with a key or a bolt and a stud into which the char falls after having been acted or stop, the former causing it to partake of the upon in the retort chambers. The object of the patentee in forming the coolers of corrugated metal rotary motion of the shaft on which it is carried, but is to obtain a greater amount of surface, and in the not preventing its being loose thereon when disconconstruction of it lighter sheets of metal may be used. nected or disengaged by the stud or stop. 4. The He prefers in this case that the hollows and rounds application of centrifrugal force for effecting the forming the corrugations should run in a vertical self-acting stoppage, throwing out of action or disdirection. 3. In forming the upper parts of the connecting of the twisting apparatus of throwing or pipes or passages which connect the bottoms of the twisting machinery. Patent completed. retort chamber with the coolers of as great a horizontal sectional area as the retort chambers for a given distance below the bed-plates upon which the furnaces and char chambers are built. The communication pipes are then divided into two barrels, so that onehalf of the char will run into the right hand cooler, and the other half into the left hand cooler, two coolers being used in conjunction with each chamber. 4. In forming on or fixing to the under side of the bed-plates, at the bottoms of one or more sets of the char chambers, a hump of iron, perforated with say six hopper-mouthed holes for the passage of the char. The holes in the iron humps are carried down in an oblique direction on alternate sides for dividing the charcoal, so that it may fall into two coolers, suspended parallel to each other, below the vertical char chambers. Patent completed.

"A new

2811. C. DE CAPPOT and A. JARRIANT. hydraulic counter." Dated December 8, 1858. The patentees attach to the pipe from the main or other suitable supply a flanged pipe connected to a cock or tap, the pipe from which opens outwards at the bottom in the shape of a truncated cone, and is flanged at the bottom, so that it may be connected to a case enclosing a cylinder of gutta-percha, &c., having any suitable number of perforations, though the decimal ratio will be found preferable, the solid part of the cylinder being indented when necessary. The patentees connect to the aforesaid case a box communicating by a pipe with one of the holes of the gutta-percha cylinder, and also by another pipe to a bucket wheel, formed with any required number of buckets, starting from about the centre of the wheel, and sliding against the interior of the casing, at the bottom of which there is an aperture covered with wire gauze, &c. To the lower part of the case containing the gutta-percha cylinder, they connect a

2814. S. PHILLIPS. "Improvements in sliding window sashes, shutters, and doors." Dated December 8, 1858.

Here the inventor dispenses with the usual pulleys, lines, and weights employed for raising and lowering or sliding sashes, shutters, and doors, and substituting for the same a curved or bow-shaped spring, which is secured to the edge of the sash, so that in use the spring will be compressed between the sash and the sash-frame. At both ends of this spring are mounted small rollers partly toothed and partly plain, forming a ratchet, the ratchet part being furnished with a spring pawl attached to the long spring to prevent the revolution of the roller in more than one direction. These rollers which thus assist the raising of the sash by running smoothly up the sash-frame will in some measure retard its downward movement by being locked in that direction by the action of the ratchet and pawl, which will thus overcome the tendency of the sash to fall by its own weight.

tent abandoned.

Pa

2815. A. LAMB and W. A. SUMMERS. "Improved arrangements of apparatuses for super-heating steam." Dated December 8, 1858.

The object here is to divide the steam to be superheated into as thin films or streams as may be in order to get the whole quantity composing such films or streams quickly, thoroughly, and economically superheated. The steam is passed through thin channels or ways arranged cylindrically, spirally, or parallel to each other, or in any other suitable direction in the flues, smoke space, uptake, or chimney. The invention applies especially to those boilers known "Lamb and Summers' Patent Flue Boilers," but is also applicable to other steam boilers. Patent completed.

2816. W. KING, jun. "Improvements in apparatus

for roasting coffee and other substances." Dated December 8, 1858.

Here the inventor forms the cylinder of wire gauze or metal net-work, or perforated plate, and through one of the axles or arms in which the cylinder rotates a sampling or testing tube is fitted, through which a sample of the berries may be taken during the roasting without stopping the cylinder for that purpose. Patent abandoned.

2817. C. M. WESTMACOT. "Improvements in the permanent way of railways." Dated December 8, 1858. For fixing fish-plates to railway rails, rails to chairs and sleepers, chains to sleepers, and the separate parts of chairs or sleepers (in such as are made in more than one piece) the one to the other, the inven. tor employs screw bolts having heads at one end, and right and left handed screws cut on the other. The screw thread which is furthest from the head is formed in a part of the belt which is smaller in diameter than the part on which the other thread is cut. These screw threads receive nuts which are screwed on in opposite directions, and of which one screws to lock the other; or the screw nearest the head is arranged to screw into a hole tapped in the fish-plate or rail, or other part to be secured. In the construction of permanent ways in which transverse sleepers and chairs are employed he places cushions of wood exterior of

the chair, and on each side of it, so that the underside of the rail may rest on these cushions. In arranging the chairs for supporting the rails he makes the end of one of the jaws a detached piece, which drops in between the rail and the other part of the jaw, and is secured by a bolt passing through it and through the bottom of the chair, and it is of such a form as when in place to hold the rail without the use of a key. There are various modifications ineluded. Patent abandoned.

2818. H. MEIDINGER. "Improvements in electric batteries." Dated December, 8, 1858.

This consists in arranging batteries on the principle of Daniell's Constant Battery," as hereafter described, avoiding the use of a diaphragm, and protecting the zine from being too rapidly touched by the sulphate of copper. For this purpose a large vessel of glass is fitted partly, say two-thirds, with a diluted solution of zine, and another glass of half the height and diameter of the larger vessel is placed within it, standing in the solution. The second glass is covered on the inside with a copper plate to serve as the gative pole of the battery, and a copper wire is fixed to the plate. This wire is covered by a small glass tube, so as to protect it from the liquid through which it passes. The mouth of the exterior vessel is closed by a cock in which are two holes, one for holding a large and high glass tube, the other for holding a strip of amalgamated zinc. The former, closed at the lower end with a permeable fabric, is plunged into the small glass, and kept full of sulphate of copper. This forins a solution within the interior vessel, and the negative pole is thus contantly kept in contact with a solution of this salt. The zine is immersed as far as possible from the small glass into the zinc solution. The battery thus constructed serves for a long time, the sulphate of copper after getting at the zine. Patent completed.

2819. R. L. BURROWS and J. KNOWLES, jun. "Certain improvements in the construction of pianofurtes and organs." Dated Dec. 8, 1858.

The object here is to elicit the sound of two notes simultaneously by the touch of one key. It consists in connecting each key (and its individual mechanism) to its corresponding unison key, or octave above or below, by means of a series of rectanguiar bell cranked levers, the ends of which act upon or strike a projection upon the ordinary "sticker," which is raised by each key, so that the action of each key struck is transferred to its octave above or below, and the two notes are struck and the octave sound produced simultaneously. Patent completed.

2830. J. BARROW, jun. "Improvements in the treatment of coal-gas tar, and of the oils obtained by the distillation of the same, and for the application of substances obtained thereby." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

The patentee submits to the process of distillation in any convenient apparatus a mixture in suitable proportions of coal tar and any one or more of the bodies know- the oxyde of amyl, the chloride of amyl, the hyoed oxyde of amyl, the acetate of amyl, or the carbonate of amyl, with or without the addition of the hydrated oxides of ethyl or methyl or of bodies derived therefrom. There are various modifestions included. Patent completed.

2821. H. MAUDSLAY, “ Improved glass and other ritreous vessels." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

This consists in applying sulphuric acid to the tools used when operating upon vitreous substances in the same manner as oil is usually employed in lubricating

the tools used when operating in a similar manner on metals. Patent completed.

2822. J. ECCLES. "Improvements in arrangements and machinery for preparing for the manufacture and for manufacturing clay and other plastic earths into bricks, tiles, pipes, and other articles formed of such materials." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

The object of the first part of this invention is to prepare clay and other plastic earths direct from the bed ready to be moulded by machines acting on the principle of those known as "dry-clay machines," in which system the process of tempering or pugging in drying the clay-earths by currents of hot or cold the materials is unnecessary. The invention consists air, produced by mechanical means as follows: The clay-earth is passed through one or more pairs of rollers, which deliver it on to a travelling endless belt, apron, or lattice (upon which it may be broken up into small particles); this arrangement conveys the clay-earth to any suitable distance, and while in progress it is subjected to heat and to a current of hot or cold air, so that by the time the travelling ar rangement has conveyed the material to its point of delivery it has been dried sufficiently to be ready for It relates, 2, to appamoulding into bricks, &c. ratus for moulding articles by expressing plastic method of securing the moulding cores so as to keep earths through moulding orifices, and consists in a them more correctly in their places. This is accomplished by a stay or stays in addition to the usual means. Patent completed.

2823. H. BELL.

to hold the same fast at or near the headland towards which the tilling or cultivating implement is being moved. A suitable carriage, by preference on four wheels, is constructed so as to carry a chain wheeldrum or pulley, which receives motion from a steamengine, which, with its boiler, is carried by the carriage. The ploughs or other implements are attached to and dragged by the carriage, and to prevent turning the carriage and implements at the end of each bout, two sets of ploughs or implements are employed, so that one set may be in and the other out of action at each bout. The chain used is conducted that as the chain-wheel is caused to rotate, it will, on partly around the chain-wheel by guide-wheels, so the carriage passing from one headland to the other, pick up and again deposit the chain; and the end of the chain from which the carriage is for the time being moving, will have its anchor or holding apparatus moved, so that in the next bout the carriage and implements will act on a fresh portion of the land. Patent completed.

2829. H. WILSON, "Improvements in the construction of pumps." Dated Dec. 9, 1858. This consists in the introduction into pumps of a plate of brass or other metal to which are attached two or more suction pipes leading into different directions. air-tight, and is made to work either with a circular, On the other side of this plate another plate is ground semi-circular, or lateral motion; the sliding plate is perforated with one or more holes, so that when the holes in the sliding plate are opposite the holes in the Improvements in musical in-stationary plate, the water or other fluid may be drawn by the action of the pump from one or more struments." Dated Dec. 9, 1858. This relates to the improvements of the tone of different sources as may be required. There are violins and other musical instruments by the in-modifications included. Patent completed. troduction or addition of a "bell harmonica." As 2830. E. L. PENSUETE. Improvements in appaapplied to a violin, this consists of a flattened tube or ratus for driving or for drawing up piles by steam.' elliptical chamber of glass placed in the interior of Dated Dec. 9, 1858. the body of the violin, the two ends of this glass piece being carried by two end blocks of wood. These blocks are supported by a light pole or bar of wood fastened to the ends of the instrument, and passing along the interior of the glass sheet. A bow-shaped bar of lancewood is placed transversely across the body of the instrument above the glass shell to support a sound-post, the top of which carries the breast of the instrument. Patent abandoned.

2824. J. LITTLE. "Improvements in fire-grates and heating apparatus." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

This relates, 1, to open fire-places such as are used for domestic purposes in the warming of apartments, and it consists under such modification of the attachment to the front of such fire-places or grates of ver tical or horizontal radial plates of metal, as a means of obtaining a superior amount of effective and available heat, and for improving the draught. Patent abandoned.

2825. J. ELDER. "Improvements in paddle. wheels." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

The patentee employs plates of steel or iron of a thickness proportioned to the unsupported surface of the float, and to the maximum pressure to which it may be subjected. He bevils the edges of these metal plates, giving them a suitable angle, so that when applied as floats they will, on entering and on leaving the water, present the minimum of the resistance due to the thickness of such floats. Patent completed. 2826. J. STEWART. "Improvements in the construction of the action of piano-fortes." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

This consists in mounting the escapement button on the fly or hopper, and at such an inclination that just as it comes against the surface of the projection it is moving in a direction perpendicular to that sur. face. Patent completed.

2827. T. ALLEN. "Improvements in folding bedsteads." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

The two side-rails are here by preference made of metal tubes. Each side-rail is made to fold by having one or more rule-joints formed thereto. The sacking is folded at its edges and sewn over the side-rails. Towards the ends of the side-rails and on the under sides thereof are projections to enter the sockets of the legs or supports. It is preferred to cast such projections of malleable cast-iron, in the form of Tpieces, so that two of the parts of the tube forming a side-rail may in each case fit on and be fixed to such T-piece. The two pairs of legs used for each bedstead are crossed, and have sockets at their upper ends to receive the projections on the under sides of the siderails. The head frame is formed of metal and covered with canvas or other fabric, and it has a projection at each end which enters a hole in the side-rail. Patent completed.

2828. J. WILSON. "Improvements in machinery for tilling and cultivating land." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

Here a chain or rope is employed which has an anchor or suitable fixing apparatus at each end so as

Here a framework of timber say 45 feet high, is furnished with a steam cylinder fitted up with a piston and hammer. This said cylinder has connected to its lid at opposite points two strong metal rods, and to the lower extremities of the said rods a casting is fixed, the same being provided with two right and left handed screws on which are placed two moveable jaws, by which it is proposed to embrace firmly the head of the pile. As the pile is drawn by elastic force of the steam, the steam cylinder follows the pile, and when driven sufficiently far, the jaws are released from the pile, and the cylinder raised by connecting a chain to the top thereof. This chain passes on to a barrel or drum placed on the platform of the machine and is worked by a small steam engine, so that for drawing piles out of the ground it is only necessary to fasten the before-mentioned jaws round the head of the pile, and then to wind the chain around the barrel, at the same time gently tapping the head of the pile with the hammer. Patent completed.

2831. B. LAUTH. "An improved mode of manufacturing rods and shafts." Dated Dec. 9, 1858.

Here the patentee takes the ordinary rolled rod of commerce of whatever size required (which is produced by passing the metal while red hot between grooved rolls) and immerses it in dilute acid to remove the scale therefrom. This immersion is not, however, required except when the article to be produced is intended to have a bright surface. When washed in water and dried he passes the cold rod between a pair of steel rolls formed with a series of grooves, which have the edges of the grooves rounded off to prevent ridges or lines being formed on the rod. The cold rolling is repeated as frequently as may be necessary, the rod being turned round as the rolling proceeds. Patent completed.

2832. J. BETHELL. "Improvements in machinery and apparatus for the preservation and colouring of wood. Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

This consists in protecting the iron cylinders used for preparing wood with chemical solutions from the action of acids by first lining the inside of the cylinders with sheet lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha; after the interior of a cylinder is so protected the inventor constructs another lining of wood. Patent abandoned.

2833. J. LIGHTFOOT. "Improvements in printing or staining yarns, fabrics, or fibrous substances, and in the manufacture of certain compounds for that purpose. Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

This consists in making an alkaline solution of colouring matters and metallic oxides, with which, when thickened, the patentee prints fabrics or yarns, putting the said fabrics afterwards through a subsequent process for developing and fixing the colour. Patent completed.

2834. J. FLOCKTON. "Improvements in stop or reversing taps." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

For preventing the loss of time in working a series of hydraulic presses, the inventor employs a stop

reversing tap, having a chamber with three apertures, one of which is connected to the supply pipe from the pumps, another to one hydraulic press, and the third aperture either with a stop or reversing tap, or with a waste pipe. One or the other of the two latter apertures are opened or closed by two valves placed upon one spindle, the top of which has a screw working in a nut, which screw with the spindle and valves are turned by a handle, the position of the valves being so arranged that when one aperture is open the other is closed; by simply turning the handle the aperture from the pumps can be opened to the press until the desired amount of pressure is obtained, after which the handle is turned so as to close the first aperture and open the other, which communicates with the aforesaid similar stop, or reversing tap or waste pipe, and so on for the entire series of presses, one of the apertures of the last tap being connected with the waste-water pipe. Patent abandoned.

66

2835. A. BARCLAY. Improvements in electric, magnetic, and electro-magnetic telegraph ropes or conductors." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

Here the component wires of such ropes or cables are twisted after the fashion of a common rope. The wires may be separated from each other by mechanically separative matter only, or by an insulating medium, or by both. Patent abandoned.

2836. A. BARCLAY. "Improvements in obtaining motive power by means of electricity, magnetism, and electro-magnetism." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

This relates to the obtainment of motive power upon the galvanometrical principle. Any form of galvanometer may be used, and one or more bars or magnets may be used to work on the same centre of motion. The needle bar or apparatus of this galvanometer is surrounded by one or a series of stationary galvanometrical coils, between which and the galvanometer needle or bar there are disposed suitable make and break contact apparatus to put the poles of the galvanometer into and out of electrical or magnetical contact with the source of electrical or magnetical power passing through the galvanometrical coils. With this apparatus a continuous and effective rotary action may be secured. The machinery is preferred to be all secured in a suitable chamber from which the air may or not be exhausted. It is also intended to place rotatory electrical or magnetical apparatus in the interior of an enclosed chamber for the purpose described, the air being exhausted or not. Patent completed.

2887. C. HODGSON. "Improvements in the manufacture of fuel from peat, and in apparatus employed therein, part of which is also applicable to the moulding of bricks, tiles, and other plastic materials." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

This consists in means of cutting peat from bogs, in converting it into pulp by tearing machines, drying it on steam-heated tables, and finally forming it into solid lumps by means of a ram working tightly in a tube into which the peat is fed. The moulding part of the invention is applicable to bricks and other like articles. Patent completed. 2838. W. Beardmore. boilers." Dated Dec. 10, 1858. Here the steam passing from the steam chests of boilers is passed by the patentee through tubes situated in the uptake or flue leading to the chimney or funnel, and thereby becomes superheated before being supplied to the engines. Patent completed.

Improvements in steam

2839. G. F. WILSON. "Improvements in the manufacture of lubricating oils." Dated Dec. 10, 1858. This consists, 1, in combining rosin oil with oil produced from bituminous or schistose bodies, such as petroleum, bog-head, or other coal or shale, and by preference the rosin oil used is prepared by distilling rosin by surcharged steam, then producing the rosin oil in the ordinary manner, and then distilling such oil by the use of surcharged steam, and by such means body is given to the oils distilled from bituminous or schistose bodies. 2. In the use of rosin oil with cocoa-nut oil or the oleine of cocoa oil, or the oil or oleine obtained from Calhoun palm, or from the oil or oleine obtained from the kernel of the nut from which palm oil is obtained, by which means oils of suitable body for lubrications are obtained. 3. In combining with the compound oil first described one or more of the oils or oleine's secondly mentioned. Patent completed.

2810. G. W. B. KIALLMARK and W. T. TIMEWELL. Improvements in the manufacture of cements." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

This consists in placing in the kiln, together with the fuel and cement stone, or other materials from which the cement is made, animal matter, such as horse's hoofs, horn, or other similar substances, which being burnt with the cement, stones, &c., improves

the colour and quality of the cement. Patent completed. 2841. W. F. HALL and T. DUTSON. "Certain improvements in fancy buttons for ladies' and gentlemen's wear." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

This consists in perforating the front or face shell, the edge of the perforation being of a Vandyke or serrated form, the points of which being bent or pointed outward will puncture the fabric with which the front of the button is intended to be covered, and these sharp points so far project through the fabric, and are made to clip and hold a centre ornament. 2842. J. B. GUTHRIE. 66 Improvements in the manufacture of india-rubber overshoes." Dated Dec. 10, 1858.

Patent abandoned.

This consists in the application at certain parts of gores, gussets, or pieces of elastic india-rubber, or india-rubber webbing or fabric, into semi-elastic overshoes. Patent completed.

2843. S. DUDGEON. "An improved gas-regulator." Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

Here the gas is introduced by a supply pipe into one chamber of the regulator, and from this chamber it passes into a second chamber, but the amount of gas passing from one chamber to the other is regulated by a valve which is caused to open or close a passage between the compartments more or less as required. The valve for regulating the passage of the gas between the inlet and the outlet chamber is carried by a disc or cover, having turned-down edges which enter a trap containing quicksilver or other fluid. One arrangement for operating the disc or cover with the valve attached is to suspend it upon centres or axes placed near one of its ends. The points of these centres or axes rest against bosses or pads in which the points of the centres or axes work, thereby preventing undue pressure on the cover, which, if screwed too air-tight, breaks the joints and causes an escape of gas. There are modifications included. Patent completed.

2844. J. HINKS. "Improvements in ships' and other lamps." Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

opens.

The inventor makes the chimney of a slightly tapering tubular form, and at its summit places a chamber the figure of which somewhat resembles two very obtuse cones placed base to base. The chimney opens into the chamber, the upper end of the chimney being expanded so as to have the figure of a trumpet mouth, and nearly corresponding in shape to the lower half of the chamber into which it In the upper part of the chamber a horizontal diaphgram perforated with holes is placed. The lower side of the chamber into which the chimney opens is also perforated to permit the escape of heated air from the lamp. By this construction the burning of the lamp is unaffected by strong winds blowing upon it, the reflectors of ships' lamps and lamps enclosed in or water dashed upon it. It also consists in making cases, of a series of planes arranged round the flame, so as to be perpendicular, or nearly so, to radii drawn from the lamp. Patent abandoned.

2845. P. ROBERTSON. "Improvements in shuttles." (A communication.) Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

This consists in manufacturing shuttles by combining with wood, bone, ivory, or metal the hard material formed from india-rubber; and also in manufacturing shuttles entirely of such material. Patent abandoned.

2846. C. J. RICHARDSON. "Improvements in apparatus to be applied to chimneys or flues of buildings, for economising heat and reducing the quantity of smoke passing into the atmosphere." Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

Here branch iron tubes are so arranged in the upper rooms of a building that the heated products of combustion from fires at lower parts of the building may be made to heat the air of such upper rooms, and also, if desired, to heat water in cisterns placed in such upper rooms. Patent abandoned.

2847. M. SCHAFFNER. "Improvements in smelting zine ores, and in furnaces employed for this purpose.' Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

Here the calumine or other zinc ore is placed in a chamber or muffle around which a flue from a furnace passes. The top of this chamber is formed with hollow bricks, and the bottom with fire-blocks or tiles which rest on masonry at the two sides, and are also supported between the sides with perforated supports. The blocks or tiles at the bottom of the chamber form the top of a flue from a furnace, and the products of combustion from the furnace enter this flue at one end of the chamber, and pass on beneath the chamber to its other end where the flue rises up, and the products of combustion then pass back above the chamber through the hollows in the bricks forming its top to a chimney, by which means the chamber is sufficiently heated to volatilize the

zinc.

At one side of the chamber there are holes through which the zinc ore is introduced into the chamber. These holes are closed air tight when the furnace is in operation. From the chamber or mutile pipes descend to a condenser in which the zine is deposited in a liquid state, and can be run off when desired through a small tap-hole. From this condenser pipes pass to another condenser which arrests the metal which passes away with the gases in the state of dust. From the second condenser a pipe in which there is a valve passes to the chimney, so that by opening or closing this valve the gases may be drawn more or less quickly from the chamber. Registers are applied for closing the pipes at certain periods of the operation. Patent completed.

2848. W. E. WILEY. "Improvements in everpointed pencils." Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

The holder is attached to the forcer by a swivel so that the holder and marking material may remain without turning in the case, whilst the forcer is rotated to propel the outer end of the marking material up to and through the nozzle of the pencil case. The forcer is caused to rotate within the case by a split tube which is attached to the end of the case. The teeth or projections of the forcer pass through the split tube and enter the threads of the female screw formed on the interior of the case. It is preferred that the nozzle should be fixed to the case, and that the split tube should be fixed to the other or moveable end of the case. A length of marking material is supplied to the holder when the holder and the split tube has been drawn out of the case. Patent completed.

2849. A. ROLLASON. "Improvements in the manufacture of waterproof tissues, and in applying such waterproof material to woven fabrics, and manufactured fibrous goods." Dated Dec. 11, 1858.

This consists, 1, in the preparation of a waterproof tissue, which is capable of application as a remedial agent in surgical cases. 2. In the application of this tissue to the coating of woven fabrics and fibrous or textile goods. To make the tissue the patentee mixes collodion vegetable oil (by preference castor oil) and sometimes Canada balsam, mineral naphtha, and spirits may also sometimes be added. The mixture is poured upon glass plates, and the spirit is evaporated from it, after which the tissue may be stripped off the plates and stored away for use. tent completed.

Pa

2850. J. A. CARRUTHERS and T. BLACKBURN. "Improvements in apparatus for guiding and regulating the warp threads in the operations of warping, Dated Dec. tape sizeing, looming, and weaving." 13, 1858.

This consists in substituting for the ordinary comb or wraith used in warping and sizeing machines a compound spiral spring in connection with a longitu placed right and left hand screws with the necessary dinal shaft or rod, at the extremities of which are nuts or apparatus for working the same, so that by turning handles, levers, or wheels, the inventors are enabled to expand or contract the threads or divisions of the springs equally to any desired pitch, by which a greater or less number of ends or threads of the warp may be placed upon any given width. They also place between the divisions of the compound spiral springs peculiar forms of straight springs, either in separate parts or in one entire piece constituting the desired length of the comb. Patent completed.

2851. R. WHITTAM. "Improvements in machinery or apparatus for tracing designs from an engraved roller or from an engraver's sketch upon

steel or other metallic surfaces, used as dies by engravers to calico printers." Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

2852. L. C. V. YoN. "Improved elastic beds." Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

The object here is to facilitate the package of spring mattrasses by a mode of construction which permits of their being folded either in length or in breadth. The mattrasses are divided into different parts, which assume a square, oblong, or other shape, and which are tied together with gutta-percha bands. To give the intended shape, the inventor makes use of hinge springs, and maintains the opening in breadth by

rattans. Patent abandoned.

2853. J. M. ROUSSEL, "A new system and new apparatus, using air as a motive power." Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

This essentially consists in the use of compressed air. The invention is not described in detail apart from the drawings. Patent abandoned.

2854. J. E. BOYD. "Improvements in candlesticks, lamps, and lanthorns." Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed,

2855. R. A. BROOMAN. "Improvements in twisting and otherwise operating upon threads, twine, or cords, and in apparatus for performing the same." (A communication.) Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

The object here is to perform by machinery certain operations which have hitherto been performed by hand. The invention is not fully described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 2856. R. A. BROOMAN. "Improvements in the manufacture of cranked axles and shafts." (A communication.) Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

This relates to a previous patent, and consists in means of forming the cranks with or without the welding on of additional metal to the bar which is to form the cranked axle or shaft. Patent completed. 2857. E. LOOMES. "An improvement in the construction of steam-engines." Dated Dec. 13, 1858. Here the object is to get the benefit of the reactionary power of high pressure steam supplied to reciprocating steam-engines by causing the steam to enter the cylinders through a moving instead of through a fixed body. To this end the inventor uses a hollow piston rod, which he brings into communication (either through a telescopic arrangement of tubes or otherwise) with the steam supply pipe, and he also makes the piston hollow, and furnishes it with steam ways opening out to opposite sides of the piston. Within the piston he mounts the cut-off valve, the rod of which passes through the centre of the hollow piston rod, and out of the end thereof, which is closed by a stuffing box. By connecting this rod with a crank excentric or its equivalent worked by the engine, the valve may be readily made to cut off the supply of steam alternately from one end of the cylinder, and open a communication between the supply pipe and the other end of the cylinder. Patent

abandoned.

2858. J. FERRABEE. "Improvements in the construction of steam-engines, and in the mode of working the same." Dated Dec. 13, 1858.

This relates, 1, to a mode of working the cut-off valves of steam-engines, and consists in the use of an arrangement of parts whereby the supply of steam to the cylinder is cut off at any portion of the stroke of the piston by a continuous motion of a cut-off valve, the time of the cut-off being altered by the rising or falling of the governor balls, and the supply of steam to the cylinder regulated without the intervention of a throttle valve. It relates, 2, to the construction and setting-up of the cylinders of steam engines with the view of maintaining or increasing the elasticity of the steam supplied thereto when discharged from the boiler. Patent completed.

2850. J. WEBSTER. "A new or improved method of recovering copper and zinc from liquids, which have been employed to dip or pickle articles made of brass or other alloys containing copper and zinc." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

This consists in a method of recovering copper and zine from liquids which have been employed to dip or pickle articles made of brass or other alloys containing copper and zinc by treating the liquids with metallic zinc, and thereby precipitating the copper and zine contained in the liquids, the same being recovered by evaporation and crystallization. Patent enapleted.

2560. E. Bow. " Improvements in pumps." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

The essential feature here is the use of a kind of

and it is moved by a handle fixed to it and projecting in front. There are other arrangements included. Patent abandoned.

2862. J. WADE. "Improvements in means or apparatus employed in weaving." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

The object here is the obtaining facility in changing from plain weaving to twill, &c., and then to plain again. Instead of employing only a pair of treddle levers operated by a pair of tappets to give motion to the heddles, there are four or more treddle levers connected to the heddles, according to the extent of change which it may be desired to produce with a separate lappet or like-acting surface to each treddle lever adapted to produce the required variation in the shedding. And these treddle levers are capable of being connected together so as to form one pair, and then ordinary plain weaving will be produced. Catches operate to connect the two or more levers together, and these connecting means are separated at the times desired by Jacquard or other pattern surface. Patent completed.

2863. G. BAKER. "An improved construction of manger fastening." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

The object here is to secure horses and cattle to their mangers, so that on an alarm of fire being given all the animals occupying a long shed or range of stables may be quickly released without the necessity of entering the several stalls to disengage the animals. To this end the patentee provides a peculiar construction of bolt fastening. Patent completed.

2864. R. A. BROOMAN. "An improvement in transmitting electric telegraph signals." (A communication.) Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

signals by means of clockwork, and consists in setting

This relates to transmitting electric telegraph free the clockwork and bringing it into action, and stopping it by the current itself. Patent completed.

2865. J. T. SMETS. "A method of making vinegar from a refuse product obtained in the manufacture of starch." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

This consists in a process, which we cannot give in detail, of making vinegar from the residuum which remains in the manufacture of starch, and which is generally used for feeding cattle. Patent abandoned. "Improvements in furnaces for generating steam and other purposes." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

2866. F. Jossa.

This consists in so constructing furnaces that the fire burns downwards, and thus consumes the smoke." Patent completed.

2867. J. PENDLEBURY. "Certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for bleaching or cleansing textile fabrics or materials." Dated Dec. 15, 1858. This consists in an arrangement of vessels for bleaching or cleansing manufactured or piece goods or yarns of cotton, linen, or other fibrous material by the application of high pressure steam for first boiling the bleaching liquid above 212° in a separate closed vessel, and then forcing such liquid so heated through the goods or fabrics to be bleached, the goods being contained in a closed vessel or "kier" conveniently situated near to the heating or boiling vessel. The liquid after being thus forced in a heated or boiling state through the goods, is returned to the boiling vessel, where it is again heated to the required temperature, and again forced through the goods, such process bleached. Patent completed.

2861. D. ANDERSON. 'Improvements in taps or valves." Dated Dec. 14, 1858.

Here in a modification of a tap or nose-cock the shell of the tap is made in two parts for the introduction of the closing valve, which is a slightly conical plug of metal, or metal covered with caoutclear, &c. The plug or valve is fixed on a spindle the inner end of which works in a bridge-piece on the back part of the shell, the outer end passing out at the front of the top to a button or handle by which it is operated. The front part of the shell is made conical internally, the narrow end being outward, and the plug closes this space by the pressure the fluid, or by the pressure of a spring introduced in cases where the pressure in the pipe is insufficient. The tap is opened by pressing in the spindle, and with it the plug which allows the fluid to escape round the plug. In a modification of valve for discharging fluids, &c., the duct or passage is closed by means of a valve working across its mouth, which is faced or ground up, as is also the back of the valve to make a close fit. The valve is made to slide (by preference vertically) in grooves or guides which retain it against the mouth of the duct or passage,

1619. G. Ellis. The improvement of muffs, to be called "the patent reticule travelling muff." 1620. W. H. Dawes. An improvement or improvements in the manufacture of iron.

1622. F. A. Le Mat. Improvements in the construction of revolving or repeating fire-arms. 1624. G. Cartwright. Improvements in corks for bottles and jars. 1625. G. A. Boggis. Improvements in rendering boots and shoes waterproof.

1626. E. Livermore. Improvements in the manufacture of burning fluids for illuminating and heating purposes. A communication.

for refrigerating and heating liquids. 1627. D. Mathews. Improvements in apparatus

1628. J. H. Johnson. Improvements in moulding or shaping metals by pressure, and in the machinery or apparatus employed therein. A communication. 1629. W. H. Harfield. Improvements in ships' capstans, and riding bits.

1630. H. Brimsmead and J. Lawrence. Improvements in rotatory screens.

1631. J. Taylor. Improvements in the construction of walls to prevent damp from rising, and also in tiles to be used for this purpose in building walls. 1632. T. D. Duppa. Improvements in carpenters' benches.

1633. W. Woofe. Improvements in ploughs. 1635. W. N. Nicholson. Improvements in clod crushers and land and garden rollers.

Dated July 9, 1859.

ture of over-shoes and other articles worn on the feet, 1636. M. Henry. Improvements in the manufac and in the apparatus employed therein. munication.

A com

1637. B. Samuelson and J. Shaw. Improvements in reaping and mowing machines.

1638. F. Ayckbourn. Constructing certain articles of dress, so as to prevent drowning.

1639. C. Iliffe. Improvements in the manufacture of buttons.

1641. E. Livermore. Improvements in generating gas for the purpose of lighting and heating. 1642. J. Smith. Improvements in apparatus for heating and cooling water.

Dated July 11, 1859. jaws of vices and holding tools in general with a ball 1613. E. F. Hutchins. Constructing the jaw or and socket joint."

1644. R. Clegg. Improvements in machines for cutting wood and metal, and in the means of fixing saws thereto. A communication.

1645. H. Davis. Improvements in the manufacture

Dated June 22, 1859.

1646. J. C. Pickard. Improvements in weft forks for looms.

1647. W. E. Newton. Improvements in magnetoelectric machines. A communication.

1648. J. Dible and W. H. Graveley. Improvements in apparatuses for ventilating and lighting ships.

1649. F. Burden. Improvements in the permanent way of railways.

1650. J. A. Hartmann, Improvements in the manufacture of colours for printing cotton and other vegetable fibres and silk.

PATENT APPLIED FOR WITH COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,

1690, W. M. Cranston. Improved delivery ap. paratus for harvest machines. A communication. Dated July 16, 1839,