Tablet, J. D. Moody; the Mounds on Rock River at Sterling, W. C. Holbrook, American Naturalist, Nov.; Aboriginal Pottery at Salt Springs, Ill., G. E. Sellers, Popular Science Monthly, Sept.; Ancient Earthworks in Indiana, Professor R. P. Brown, Western Review, April; Missouri Mound-builders, Judge West, same journal; the Graves of the Mound-builders in Scott and Mississippi counties, Mo., H. N. Rust, before the American Association; Die Culturvölker Alt-Amerikas, Dr. Gustav Bruhl, Parts I.-IX., Cincinnati; Reports on the West Coast of California, Paul Schumacher, Hayden's Bulletin, III., i.; on the same by Dr. H. Yarrow in Lieut. Wheeler's Report for 1876, and by Rev. Stephen Bowers in a manuscript description of a superb collection sent to the National Museum. The surveying parties of Professor Hayden, Major Powell, and Lieut. Wheeler have all paid some attention to the archæology of the regions traversed, and their accounts will be found in the reports of these surveys. The plaster models of cliff-dwellings and pueblos by W. H. Jackson are already world-renowned. The following general discussions are worthy of note:

The Caching of Stone Implements, J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Rep., 1876; the Early Man of North America, A. R. Grote, Popular Science Monthly, March; Supposed Evidence of the Existence of Interglacial American Man, Dr. Daniel Wilson, Canadian Journal, Oct.; Burial Customs of the Ancient Tribes of Indians, R. S. Robertson, before the American Association; the Stone Age in America, several papers before the Congress of Americanists; Mound-builders and the Pueblos, the same; American Antiquities, J. C. Heaviside; Aboriginal Shell-money, R. E. Stearns, American Naturalist, June; Mound-explorations (short descriptions), Smithsonian Rep.,

1876.

MIDDLE AMERICA.

Interesting communications on Mexican archæology are to be found in "Anales del Museo Nacional de Méjico," entregas i., ii.; the paper by Ad. F. Bandelier on Ancient Mexican Warfare, in Peabody Museum Rep. X., is a very important contribution; Dr. Georg Fischer, of Freiburg, who may be called the creator of a department of anthropology, contributes to Archiv, Heft 3, an illustrated paper on Mineralogy as the Handmaid of Archæology, with special reference to

Mexican Sculptures; in the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, 1876, will be found a detailed description of Explorations in Yucatan, conducted by Dr. Le Plongeon, accompanied by his wife. The Smithsonian Institution has received, and will soon publish, a manuscript by Dr. Habel on the Bass-reliefs of Santa Lucia Cosumahualpa, in Guatemala. Hon. Geo. Williamson contributes to the Smithsonian Rep., 1876, a paper on Antiquities in Guatemala. In the same volume will be found an illustrated article on the Latimer Collection in the National Museum from Porto Rico. The Stone Implements are further explained by objects from Turk's and Caicos Islands, sent by Professor Gabb, and Messrs. Gibbs, Brace, Frith, and Murphy. Mr. A. Ober has been engaged during the year in collecting for the National Museum over the ancient Carib area.

SOUTH AMERICA.

In a work entitled "Archives du Muséum National de Rio Janeiro," vol. i., 1876, are the following archæological papers: La Situation, etc., des Sambaques, du Brésil, Ch. Wiener; Rémarques sur des Tangas en Terre Cuite de l'Île de Marajo, Ch. F. Hartt; Les Races Indigènes de Brésil, Drs. Lacorda and Peixoto. In the Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, p. 359, Dr. Broca describes a series of crania from Bogota. Professor Orton, while prosecuting his examination of the antiquities of Peru, died near Cuzco (N. Y. Tribune, Oct. 20). The late work of the Hon. E. G. Squier on the antiquities of Peru will for some time to come be the classic upon this subject. Dr. F. P. Moreno, whose researches in Patagonia are partially sketched in the Geographical Magazine, No. 8, has been very fortunate in discovering the skulls of an ancient race in that country.

EUROPE.

Mr. Pengelly's opening address before the geological section of the British Association was upon Cave Explorations in the south of England, American Journal, vol. xiv., p. 299 and 387. At the same meeting excursions were made to the celebrated caves in the vicinity. About thirty papers on anthropological subjects were offered, the great majority of them being archæological. The proceedings of the Anthro

pological Institute are reported weekly in the Athenæum, the Academy, and Nature. The Glasgow Lecture Society has published Mr. Pengelly's lecture on Kent's Cavern. Attention is called to the following papers on British archæology: Notes on the Barrows and Bone Caves of Derbyshire, Rooke Pennington, Macmillan's Magazine; Man and the Glacial Period, Thomas Belt, Popular Science Monthly, Nov.; Prehistoric Europe, James Geikie, Dalby and Isbister; Is Man Tertiary? Professor Mantovani, Geological Magazine; Ancient Monuments, Sir J. Lubbock, Nineteenth Century; Flint Implements, Capt. C. Cooper King, Popular Science Monthly, No.4; Caves and their Occupants, Rev. J. M. Mello, ibid., and in Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, Aug., 1877. The most notable event in England for archæologists during the past year was a discussion, before the Anthropological Institute, upon the Present State of the Evidence as to the Antiquity of Man. The debate was participated in by Messrs. Evans, Hughes, Dawkins, and Tiddemann. Through the press Messrs. Belt, Skertchly, Geikie, and Hughes gave their opinions on the same subject (Nature, May 24, 31; June 7, 14, 21, 28; July 5; Athenæum, May 5; Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Nov.).

In Matériaux, No. 12, 1876, M. Mortillet gives a table representing the archæological epochs of France, as elucidated in his lectures, which formed a portion of the "Cours d'Anthropologie." The same savant read a communication before the Société d'Anthropologie entitled "Divisions des Alluvions Quaternaires" (Bulletin, 1877, p. 48). At the French Association several archæological papers were read. The meeting is well reported in the Revue Scientifique. M. Broca's presidential address on the Fossil Races of Western Europe is given in Nature, Aug. 30. Ernest Chantre has published at Lyons Parts I., II., III. of the " Age of Bronze in France,” a beautifully illustrated work. James Milne is the author of a work upon Excavations in Karnak, published by D. Douglas, Edinburgh. In the Dublin Review for April is an article upon Primitive Man in the Somme Valley.

Upon Scandinavian archæology we notice "The Influence of Classic Industry upon the Civilization of the North," C. Engelhardt, Matériaux, No. 2, 1877; "Illustrated Guide-book to the Museum of Antiquities of the North," same author;

"Antiquités du Nord Finno-Ougrien," J. R. Aspelin, Revue de la Société d'Archéologie Suédoise, I., II.; Matériaux, No. 1. Germany, that has furnished so many distinguished students of archæology, has not proved a fertile field for the explorer. Dr. Gross presented at the German Anthropological Association Nephrite Implements from Lake Biel, which raised a discussion as to their importation from China. Archiv für Anthropologie, with the Correspondenzblatt and Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, are the authorized media of communication. The Bavarian branch of the German Association has issued several beautifully illustrated numbers of Beiträge zur Anth. u. Urgesch. Bayerns. Correspondenzblatt, Nos. 9 and 10, contains a full report of the general meeting of the Deutsche Anthropologische Gesellschaft.

Upon Italian archæology we have noticed: A Prehistoric City in Tuscany, R. Pullan, Academy, July 1; On the Origin of Terramares, Archivio, vol. iv., Nos. 3 and 4; "Gli Scavi della Certosa di Bologna," reviewed in Matériaux, No. 1; Sculptures sur les Bords des Lacs de Merveilles, Matériaux, No. 8; Bibliographie Italienne, Matériaux, Nos. 3 and 4. Archivio per l'Antropologia, Florence, continues to be the organ of the Italian archæologists; but it is hard to get a view of it on this side of the Atlantic.

Illustrated notices of the Congress at Buda-Pesth, and on the archæology of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, are to be found in Matériaux, Nos. 2,4,5, and 7, by E. Chantre; in Smithsonian Rep., 1876, by F. Romer; in Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876; in Proceedings of the French Association, 1877; in Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1877; and in Archiv für Anthropologie, 1877, parts i., ii.

Preparations are making for an archæological exhibition at Moscow in 1878. The Royal Archæological Commission. has been prosecuting extensive researches near Kertch and elsewhere for the exhibition (Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Nos. 4 and 5). Von C. Grewinck, in Dorpat, publishes his work "Zur Archäologie des Balticum und Russlands;" see also Archiv, vol. x., articles vii. and xviii. The Kourganes of the province of St. Petersburg are described by M. Maïnoff, Matériaux, No. 8. Murray, of London, and the Harpers, of New York, publish General Di Cesnola's magnificent work on Cyprus. The Scribners have

brought out an edition of Schliemann's "Ancient Mycena." Attention is called to the following papers of general import: Amber, etc., Dr. A. V. Bastelaer, Matériaux, No. 7; M. Franks, ibid., 1876, No. 11; C. V. Baer, Archiv, vol. ix., part iv.; Mortillet, Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, No. 59; Genthe, Lindenschmidt, and Hartmann in Archiv, 1877, Nos. 1 and 2 ; Dr. Heinrich Wankel, Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien; Die Mineralogie als Hülfs wissenschaft für Archäologie, G. Fischer, Archiv, part iii.; Prehistoric Uses of Iron and Steel, St. J. Day, Athenæum, Sept. 2; the Fauna and Flora of Prehistoric Times, Professor Rolleston, British Association, and Woldrich in Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Nos. 4 and 5, 1877; Mod ern Excavations, J. P. Mahaffy, Contemporary Review, April, 1877; Batons of Command, L. Pigorini, Matériaux, No. 2; M. Mortillet's Classification, de Neuville, Matériaux, Nos. 3 and 4; The Antiquity of Man, Carl Vogt, Revue Scientifique, May 5 and 12; S. R. Patteson, Journal Victoria Institute, No. 10; Oppert in Nachrichten der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Nov. 10, 1877; Quatrefages, Revue Scientifique, Feb. 3; De Marichard and M. Broca at the French Association; "L'Homme Fossile en Europe," Le Hon, new edition by M. Dupont; Trépanation, De Mortillet, Matériaux, No. 4, and Dr. Wankel in Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Nos. 4 and 5; Non-sepulchral Monuments, J. Walhouse, Nature, March 8; Kitchen-middens, W. Laws, Anthropological Institute, Dec. 11, 1876; Accumulations of Silex, M. Puligny, French Association; Primitive Agriculture, Miss A. W. Buckland, Anthropological Institute, Aug.

AFRICA.

M. Hamy read a paper before the French Association on the Stone Age among the Negro Races. Mr. George Gibbs, of Turk's Island, in a letter to the Smithsonian Institution, relates a conversation with some negroes wrecked on that island, in which they recognized some celts shown them as similar to those regarded as thunder-stones in their country.

ASIA.

J. T. Wood's "Discoveries at Ephesus" is published by Longmans. R. B. Martin reported to the London Anthropo