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logical Institute, May 1, the discovery of a kitchen-midden at Smyrna. Professor Hitchcock gave an account of the American Palestine Exploration Society before the John Hopkins University, May 1. The same subject was discussed by the Rev. Selah Merrill before the American Geographical Society. A German society for exploring Palestine has been organized by Dr. Zimmermann, of Basle, and others. The Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology have reached the tenth volume. Mr. Boscawen describes the discovery of a Babylonian Calendar in Academy, Nov. 17. The Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge is publishing a series entitled "Ancient History from the Monuments." Bertram Hartshorne read a paper before the British Association on the Ancient People of Ceylon. Dr. Foreman publishes in the Smithsonian Rep., 1876, a translation of Blondel's work on “Jade-working among the Chinese." In Matériaux, No. 2, M. Moura discusses the Age of Stone in IndoChina. The archæologist who wishes to study the antiquities of India must refer to the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, with its branches in India; Zeitschrift der Morgenländischen Gesellschaft; Journal Asiatique; Trübner's American and Oriental Record, and the Indian Antiquary, London.

Athenæum, July 28, refers to Stone Circles in Australia.

ETHNOLOGY.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGY.

Lucien Carr, in the tenth annual report of the Peabody Museum, gives the measurements of the skulls received during the year. T. O. Summers read before the American Association a paper on the Skull of a Comanche. At the British Association Professor Rolleston spoke of the Rationale of Brachycephaly and Dolichocephaly, and upon Artificial Deformation of the Head. At the same meeting Mr. Sorby discussed the coloring matter of the hair. Professor Flower delivered a course of lectures before the Royal College of Surgeons on the Comparative Anatomy of Man. In the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Professor Busk presents a paper on a Collection of Skulls from Mallicollo and Vanikoro. At the meeting of the Institute, March 22, Dr. Clapham made

a communication on Brain-weight of the Chinese and PelewIslanders. In Abhandl. der Königl. Akad., Berlin, 1876, Professor Virchow has a valuable paper on the Physical Characteristics of the Germans. In the Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, p. 23, M. Roujou discusses the proportions of the Humerus and Femur. In the same volume is a criticism of the Parietal Angle of De Quatrefages by M. Topinard. At the French Association M. Parrot read a paper on Cranial Deformations occasioned by Hereditary Syphilis. The paper awakened a learned discussion by several anthropologists present. Dr. Gildemeister, Archiv, parts i., ii., advocates the adoption of a system of cranial measurement to be settled by common consent. Dr. A. Ecker contributes to Archiv, part iii., an illustrated paper upon Cranio-cerebral Topography.

Governor Bross read a paper before the American Association entitled "All Life Conditionally Immortal." Revised editions of George H. Lewes's "Physical Basis of Mind” and Dr. Maudsley's "Physiology of the Mind" have appeared during the year. In the Revue Scientifique Fr. Paulhan attempts to establish a physical basis of sensibility in an article entitled "Le Plaisir et la Douleur." Charles Darwin contributes to Mind, for July, a Biographical Sketch of an Infant. Albert J. Mott read before the Literary and Philosophical Society, Liverpool, a review of "Haeckel's History of Creation," characterizing it as an attempt to dogmatize where nothing is known. Additional contributions to the subject are the following: "The Struggle of Life," Arthur Nichols, Longmans (see Nature, Dec. 7, 1876); Sur la Taille, etc., M. Topinard, Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1866, p. 410; "Anthropologie Zoologique et Biologique," Broca, Reinwald, and Co.; Méthode de Biologie Humaine, Delauney, Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, p. 586; Professor Haeckel's Address before the German Association on the Evolution Theory in Relation to Science in General; The Influence of Civilization on the Duration of Life, C. T. Lewis, in the Sanitarian; Evolution of Man, Rev. J. F. Blake, Sunday Lecture Society, Jan.; Comparison of the Index and Ring Fingers, Francis Galton, Nature, Sept. 20; on the Physiological Effects of a very Warm Climate, Dr. O. Loew, Wheeler's Rep., 1876; on Labor and Longevity, R. B. Carter, Sunday

Lecture Society, Feb. 11; Animal Depravity, Popular Science Monthly, Dec. (from Quarterly Journal of Science).

ETHNOGRAPHY.

North America.

The Migrations of the Eskimos, Dr. J. Rae, a paper before the Anthropological Institute, April 24, 1877; Rink's Greenland reviewed in Nature, Nov. 22; The Peopling of America, A. R. Grote, American Naturalist, April; Die Indianer Canadas, Globus, xxxii., 1877; the American Indians of the Northwest, H. C. Carrington, American Association; Are the Indians Dying Out? S. N. Clark, Bureau of Education, Washington (the same theme was discussed by Col. Garrick Mallery at the American Association); The Sioux of Dakota, Col. A. G. Brackett, Smithsonian Rep., 1876; Centennial Mission to the Indians, Stephen Powers, Smithsonian Rep., 1876 (the same author will be the principal contributor to Powell's "Contributions to American Ethnology," vol. iii.); Ancient and Modern Pueblo Tribes, E. A. Barber, American Naturalist, Oct.; An Account of the Nez Percés, Col. Mallery, Nation, July 12 and Aug. 2; Location of Indian Tribes from Old Maps, S.D. Peet, American Anthropological Association; Missionary Excerpta, Dr. Dalrymple, Baltimore; The Twana Indians, Rev. M. Eels, Hayden's Bulletin; Ethnology of Southern California, O. Loew, in Wheeler's Rep., 1876; The Tribes of the Alaskan Peninsula, W. H. Dall, Powell's "Contributions to American Ethnology," vol. i.; Ethnography, etc., of the Hidatsas, Washington Matthews in Hayden's "Miscellaneous Publications;" Champlain's Expedition against the Hurons, Magazine of American History; the Indian Systems of Canada and the United States, Col. Mallery, Nation, Sept. 6; Descriptive Catalogue of Photographs of North American Indians, W. H. Jackson, Hayden's "Miscellaneous Publications," 1877. Mr. Clarke Mills has prepared for the National Museum sixty casts of the heads of pure-blooded Indians, of dif ferent tribes, confined as prisoners of war at St. Augustine, Florida.

South America.

The Zapateros of Ecuador, A. Simpson, British Association; The Tribes of British Guiana, W. Harper, Anthropo

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logical Institute, Nov. 2, 1876; Das Land der Yukararer, etc., Von Holten, Zeitschrift, No. 2, 1877; "Pioneering in Brazil," T. P.Bigg, Murray, London; Ueber die Eingeborenen von Chiloe, L. Mark, Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, No. 3, 1877; The Fuegians, M. du Val Dailly, Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, part iii.

Europe.

Ethnology of the Scottish Highlands, Hector MacLean, Anthropological Institute, Aug.; The Old Gaelic Culture, Westminster Review, July; The Ethnology of West Cornwall, Rev. Lach Szerma, British Association; "Los Aborigénes Ibéricos," etc., Francisco M. Tubino, Madrid; "The Cagots and Gypsies of France and Spain," V. de Rochas, reviewed by E. B. Tylor, Academy, May 5. In the Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, pp. 100, 128, 131, will be found Discussions by MM. Bertrand and Lagneau upon the Celts; the Ethnology of Germany, H. H. Howorth, Anthropological Institute, Dec. 9, 1876; Zur Völkerbewegung in Mitteleuropa, G. Mehlis, Das Ausland, May 28, June 11, and in subsequent but not consecutive numbers. The "Lithuanian Provinces," etc., M. Koutznetzoff, reviewed in the Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, No. 165, 1876; "Die Arier," Theodor Pösche, Jena, Costenoble; The Magyars, Hyde Clarke, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, March 13, 1877 (the same subject, by M. Hunfalvy, Ausland); The Laplanders, Von der Horck, Anthropological Institute, 1877; The Early Inhabitants of Mycenae, Dr. Phene, British Association. The works on Russian and Turkish Ethnology are legion. Attention is called on this point to the following titles: Petermann's Mittheilungen, I., 1877; "Russia," D. Mackenzie Wallace; The Bulga rians, Dr. Beddoe, British Association; "Montenegro," Rev. Dr. Denton, Dalby and Isbister; Slavonic Races, Fraser's Magazine, Sept.; "Travels in Slavonic Provinces," Mackenzie and Irby, Dalby and Isbister; Les Races, etc., dans l'Armée Russe, Revue Scientifique, July; The Turkish Question, Westminster Review, Jan. 1; Turkey and Russia, Edinburgh Review, Jan.; Races of the Danube, John Fiske, Atlantic Monthly, April; review of works in Westminster Review, April; "History of Ottoman Turks," Sir Edward Creasy, Bentley & Son; Turkey, London Quarterly, April; Pruyssenaere's

"Reisen," Mittheilungen, Ergänzungshefte 50, 51. Trübner's Catalogue contains many additional titles.

Africa.

"Upper Egypt," C. B. Klunziger, Blackie & Sons, London; "The Negro Races of Africa," Fred. Müller, "Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft," vol. i.; "Africa Unveiled," Rev. H. Rowley, Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge; "Die Nigritier," Dr. Robt. Hartmann, Berlin, treats of Northeastern Africa; "The Cradle of the Blue Nile," E. A. de Corson, Murray; The People of Southern Africa, M. de Jouvencal, Bulletin of the Société d'Anthropologie, 1876, pp. 350, 385; "The Races of the Chad Basin" in Nature, April 26, review of Dr. Nachtigall's work; Stanley's Letters on his Adventures among the Tribes of the Lualaba-Congo, New York Herald, Oct. 9 and 10; "Across Africa," Cameron, Dalby and Isbister; "Zulu Folk-lore," Calloway, Academy, Nov. 17.

Asia.

The Quetta and the Afghans, Major Raverty, Geographical Magazine, vol. xi., p. 288; “The Country of Beloochistan,” A. W. Hughes, Geo. Bell and Sons, London. "The People of the Upper Oxus" is the title of an elaborate ethnological memoir promised by the Russian Geographical Society. Vol. IV., Part I., of Wheeler's "India" is announced. For further works on India, Trübner's Catalogue must be consulted. "The History of China," Venerable J. H. Gray, Macmillan.

Oceanica.

On the Javanese, A. H. Kiehl, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vi., p. 346; The Malays and Polynesians, Rev. S. J. Whitmee, Anthropological Institute, Nov. 27; “Origin and Migration of the Polynesian Nations," John D. Lang, Sampson Low and Co.; Our Knowledge of the Nicobarians, W. L. Distant, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vi., p. 209; New Guinea and Polynesia, London Quarterly, July. The researches of D'Albertis and Beccari in New Guinea are reviewed in the Archivio for 1877, parts ii. and iii., by Mantegazza. This paper, illustrated by many plates, is the best résumé of the subject lately published. "Migrations en Polynésie," A. de Quatrefages, Paris, Martinet; In

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