habitants of the Admiralty Islands, H. N. Moseley, Anthropological Institute, Jan. 9; the Natives of Socotra, J. Hunter, British Association; Old and New Zealand, Academy, Nov. 18; The South Sea Islanders, W. L. Rankin, Anthropological Institute, Jan., 1877; The Dying-out of Polynesian Races, Mr. Wedderburn, Fortnightly; The Polynesian Race, Abraham Fornander, vol. iii., English and Foreign Phil. Library.

General Discussions.

"The Origin of Nations," George Rawlinson, Scribner's reprint; L'Espèce Humaine, De Quatrefages, Revue Scientifique, March 24; Negro and White Races, C. H. Fort, American Journal of Obstetrics, April.

DEMOGRAPHY.

Mr. Francis Galton, who is almost the creator of this department of ethnology, delivered an address before the Department of Anthropology, Section D, British Association, on the Application of Statistics to Anthropological Researches, American Journal, vol. xiv., p. 265. The same author read a paper before the Royal Institution, Feb. 9, on the Typical Laws of Heredity. Further communications are: Démographie de la Seine Inférieure, Dr. Bertillon, French Association; The Growth of Children, Professor H. P. Bowditch, State Board of Health, Mass. Behm and Wagner's "Bevölkerung der Erde " forms the forty-ninth Supplement to Petermann's Mittheilungen. Color of the Hair, Eyes, and Skin of German Children, Professor Virchow, German Anthropological Society.

PHILOLOGY.
America.

Major. J. W. Powell, now in charge of all the American linguistic material collected by the Smithsonian Institution, has largely added thereto from other sources; and, in order to make thorough work, has issued a pamphlet of instructions to collectors, entitled "Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, with Words, Phrases, and Sentences to be Collected." The first volume of Major Powell's "Contributions to American Ethnology" contains the Niskwally Gram

mar and Dictionary of George Gibbs. Further contributions. to American linguistic science are the following: Indian Names of Places on Long Island Derived from Esculent and Medical Roots, J. Hammond Trumbull, Magazine of American History; The Tonkawa Languages, Albert S. Gatschett, American Philological Society (papers from the same author will be found in the Magazine of American History, March, 1877, in Wheeler's Rep. for 1876, and in a pamphlet in German upon the Idioms Spoken in the Southwest of the United States); On the Utah Dialects, Edwin A. Barber, Hayden's Bulletin, vol. iii., No. 3; Hidatsa Grammar and Vocabulary, Washington Matthews, Hayden's Miscellaneous Publications; The Red Man Gauged by his Speech, E. Jacker, Catholic Review, April; American Indian Philology and Hieroglyphics, Congress of Americanists, and at the American Philological Association, Baltimore, July 6.

Middle and South America.

"The Indigenous Languages of Mexico," Francisco Pimentel, Mexico, 3 vols.; The Language of Nahuatl, M. Lucien Adam, Revue Linguistique, Jan.; The Tupi Language, P. Gaffarel, same number; The Use of Phonetic Characters by the Peruvians, Gustav Bruehl, State Archæological Association, Ohio.

Europe.

Transactions of the Philological Society, London, 1877, part i., contains the President's address, and a review of the great families of languages by specialists. In the Academy, Jan. 13, attention is called to a series of articles in the Hermathena on the Ogham alphabet. The following papers may be examined with profit: On the English Names of Wild Flowers and Plants, Rev. W. Tuckwell, Nature, Aug. 30; Marks Found in the Chalk of Cissbury, Park Harrison, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Jan.; The Etruscan Language, Rev. I. Taylor, Journal of the Victoria Institute, vol. x., and in Fraser's Magazine, March; On the Name Mediterranean, F. J. Bell, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Jan. 17; Das Problem über den Ursprung der Sprache, O. Caspari, Ausland, Nos. 47, 48, 49. The annual meeting of German Philologists and Teachers, Wiesbaden, Sept. 26-28.

Asia.

The Origin of Semitic Languages, Rev. I. Taylor, Academy, Aug. 4. For discussions upon the languages of Southern Asia reference must be made to the eminent journals mentioned under Asiatic ethnology.

Oceanica.

Under the supervision of Rev. J. S. Whitmee a series of Polynesian grammars and dictionaries is being compiled,

General Discussions.

The Functions of the Uvula, Dr. Rumbold, Western Review, vol. i., No. 1, from St. Louis Journal; The Physiology of Language, E. B. Tylor, London Institute, Jan. 22 and 29; the History of Alphabets, Rev. Isaac Taylor, Victoria Institute, June 18; Races and Languages, E. H. Freeman, Contemporary Review, May; in Ausland, May 7, is a review of Müller's "Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft;" Academy, Aug. 25, contains a review of Hovelacque's "Linguistics," by Rev. A. H. Sayce.

CULTURE.

Aliment.

On the Stimulants of Ancient and Modern Savages, Miss A. W. Buckland, British Association.

Edifices.

Indian Fort Dwellings, Dr. W. E. Doyle, Smithsonian Rep., 1876.

Vessels.

The works of Prime and Elliott on Pottery are praiseworthy additions to our literature on the subject: a review of Prime by F. W. Putnam will be found in The Nation, Jan. 3, 1878.

Implements.

Classification of Arrowheads, W. J. Knowles, Anthropological Institute, Dec. 11, 1876; Perforations of Stone, Wurmbrand, Mittheilungen, Nos. 4 and 5; Flint Cores as Implements, Dr. Gillespie, Anthropological Institute, Jan.; On the Boomerang, A. W. Howitt, Nature, Feb. 8; Vegetable Poi

sons in Samoa, Rev. Thos. Rowell, Linnæan Society, March 15; Obsidian Cutlers of Melos, Nature, Feb. 15; Chinese Modes of Fishing, Popular Science Monthly, June; Irrigation Works in India, B. Hartshorne, British Association; The Earliest Seat of the Domestication of Animals, V. Frantzius, Archiv, parts i., ii.; A New Domestic Dog of the Bronze Period, Woldrich, Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Nos. 4 and 5; Crude and Curious Inventions at the Centennial Exposition, E. H. Knight, Atlantic Monthly, March to December.

Valuing.

A Calendar of the Dakota Nations, Col. Garrick Mallery, Hayden's Bulletin, vol. iii., No. 1.

Music.

On the Hindoo Octave, R. H. M. Bosanquet, Royal Society, Feb. 8. Mr. Knight's articles named above treated in the first chapters on Musical Instruments.

Sports.

The Horse as an Instrument of Gambling, Contemporary Review, Aug.; La Crosse, Canadian Monthly, April.

The Family.

"The Knot Tied," Wm. Tegg, published by Tegg and Co., London. The new edition of McLennan's "Primitive Marriage" is reviewed by Lubbock, Nature, Dec. 14, 1876; On the Evolution of the Family, Herbert Spencer, Popular Science Monthly, several numbers; "Das Kind in Brauch and Sitte der Völker," Dr. Ploss, Stuttgard, 2 vols.; Infanticide, C. A. Fyffe, Nineteenth Century, June; English Nursery Tales, W. R. S. Ralston, London Institute, Feb. 22; Turkish Story-books, Nineteenth Century, No. 1.

Social Life.

"Meetings and Greetings," Wm. Tegg, London; Aboriginal Funeral Customs, American Naturalist, April; Folk Dirges, Cornhill Magazine, Aug.; Le Faste Funéraire, Revue des Deux Mondes, March and April; Cremation in Sitka, American Naturalist, June; Burial of the Dead among the Primitive Aryans, Matériaux, vol. ix. Dr. H. C. Yarrow will

prepare an exhaustive memoir on the subject of Aboriginal Burial among the American Indians, and has issued a circular asking for information from all quarters.

Government.

The Origin of Rank, Living Age, April 7 (from Saturday Review); "Flagellation and Flagellants," Rev. W. Cooper, published in London.

Religion.

Outlines of the Philosophy of the North American Indians, J. W. Powell, American Geographical Society; "Serpent and Siva Worship in Central America,” Hyde Clarke, Trübner and Co.; Culture Heroes of the Ancient Americans, J. T. Short, Appletons' Journal, March; Mythologie, etc., des Esquimaux, Mélusine, Feb. 20 (the last-named periodical is entirely devoted to comparative mythology); Nagualism, etc., in the United States, Catholic World, April; Basque Legends, Dr. Fitzgerald, Gentleman's Magazine, Sept., and by W. Webster in a work published by Griffith and Farren (see Nature, March 8); Tyrolean Superstitions, Ethel C. Gale, Lippincott's Magazine, June; Sicilian Folk-lore, Cornhill Magazine, April; Religion and the Great Pyramid, R. A. Proctor, Fraser's Magazine, March; An Egyptian Phallus and Hebrew Circumcision, Hermann Welcker, Archiv, parts i., ii.; "Mythology among the Hebrews," I. Goldzieher, Longmans; "The Folklore of China," N. B. Denys, Trübner and Co.; New Zealand Myths of Creation, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Jan.; "Magic among the Chaldeans," F. Lenormant, Maisonneuve; "Les Dieux de Babylone et de l'Assyrie," id.; Traditions Assyriennes, Ann. Ph. Chrétienne, Jan.; "Sur la Légende du Boudha," E. Senart, E. Leroux; Symbolism of the Features, J.W. Jackson, Phrenological Journal, March 6; "Fingerring Lore," Wm. Jones, reviewed in Academy, Nov. 18; Mesmerism, etc.,W. B. Carpenter, Popular Science Monthly, June; Demonolatry, etc., R. C. Caldwell, Contemporary Review; On Demonology, M. D. Conway, Sunday Lecture Society; Myths, R. A. Proctor, Belgravia, Sept.; The Myths and Marvels of Astronomy, same, Putnam's Magazine; Astronomical Myths, John P. Blake, from Flammarion; La Nomenclature des Légendes Anciennes, M. Daleau, French Association; Zur Geschichte der Religion, Ausland, Feb. 5; The Rationale