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Heis, Professor Edward. Director of the observatory at Münster, and author of many important astronomical publications. Died from apoplexy, June 30th, in the seventy-first year of his age.

Heuglin, Theodor von. A distinguished naturalist and traveller, especially in Africa; author of numerous works, among them a monograph on the birds of Northern Africa. Died at Stuttgard, November 5th, at the age of fifty-two.

Hofmeister, Professor Wilhelm. Professor of Botany at Tübingen, and formerly in the University of Heidelberg; especially known from his publications in regard to the embryology and physiology of plants. Died at Tübingen, January 12th, at the age of fifty-two.

Jewett, Colonel E. A well-known American naturalist and collector. Died at Santa Barbara, Cal., May 18th, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. For a time Curator of the New York State Cabinet of Natural History.

Jones, John. Founder and Secretary of the Iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain. Best known by his writings on the geology of the South Staffordshire district. Died in England, June 6th, at the age of forty-two. Keeler, Henry D. A well-known American botanist.

Kirtland, Dr. Jared P. Born at Walbridge, Conn., in November, 1793. The first student matriculated in the medical department of Yale College; Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Ohio Medical College, also in the Western Reserve College; Zoologist to the Geological Survey of Ohio in 1848; characterized by great enthusiasm as a naturalist; described many new species of Western fishes; successful as a horticulturist, as an apiarian, and as a sericulturist. A member of most of the learned societies in the United States, including that of the National Academy of Sciences, and also of several in Europe.

Lawson, Dr. Henry. Editor of the Monthly Microscopical Journal and other scientific journals, and a well-known writer on medical subjects. Died in the latter part of October.

Lestidubois, Thémistocle. Formerly Professor of Botany at Lille, and an author of some note. Died in the summer, at the age of eighty. Leverrier, Madam. Widow of the distinguished Professor Leverrier. Died November 1st, at the age of fifty-eight.

Littrow, Professor Karl von. Born at Kazan in 1811, and being the son of an eminent astronomer, he also became eminent in that science, and at the age of twenty was appointed assistant in the observatory at Vienna, and in 1842 became director of the same, retaining the position until his death. The author of numerous scientific papers.

Luro, Lieutenant E. Author of a work upon "The Country of Annam." Died in March, while serving as inspector of native affairs in Cochin China.

Milton, Viscount. An explorer in British North America, and author of the work entitled "The Northwest Passage by Land." Died in January, at the age of thirty-eight.

Mohr, Dr. A well-known author in connection with African explorations, while engaged in his researches on the West Coast, under the auspices of the German-African Society. Died at Malange, November 26th, 1876.

Morris, Professor O. W. Died August 9th, in the eightieth year of his age. For forty years connected with the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb; especially interested in meteorology, and an ardent botanist, being one of the earliest members of the Torrey Botanical Club.

Newton, Professor Henry. Best known in connection with the geological survey of the Black Hills region some years ago. Returning for the completion of his observations, he died of disease contracted in the field, August 5th.

Noad, Dr. H. M. A well-known author of important works on electricity and magnetism, and their applications in telegraphing. Died in July, in the sixty-third year of his age.

Nöggerath, Professor Jacob. Professor of Mineralogy in the University of Bonn. Died September 13th, at the age of ninety.

Norris, Thaddeus. A well-known angler, and author of "The American Angler's Book." Died in Philadelphia, in April, at the age of sixtysix.

Oppenheim, Professor. A German chemist, and Professor of Chemistry in the University of Münster, in Westphalia. Committed suicide in September, in consequence of the loss of his wife.

Orton, Professor James. Born in 1830. Died while crossing Lake Titicaca, in his forty-seventh year. Professor of Natural History in Vassar College, and Curator of the Giraud collection of birds; zealous and successful as an explorer and collector. The results of his labors were principally for the benefit of Vassar College.

Panceri, Professor. An Italian entomologist and physiologist.

Papadakis, Professor J. Rector of the University of Athens, and for a long time in charge of the department of mathematics and astronomy. Died in January.

Parlatore, Professor Filippo. An eminent Italian botanist, and Director of the Botanic Garden and of the Natural History Museum of FlorAuthor of several monographs, published in De Candolle's Prodromus. Born August 8th, 1816. Died on the 9th of September, at Florence, aged sixty-seven.

ence.

Poggendorff, Professor J. C. Editor of Poggendorff's Annalen. Died at Berlin, in January, in his eighty-first year.

Reed, Dr. Stephen. An ardent geologist. Died July 12th, at Pittsfield, Mass., at the age of seventy-six.

Rovida, Professor. Professor of Special Pathology and Clinical Medicine at the University of Turin. Died at Milan.

Rygersma, Dr. V. A naturalist and physician, of St. Martin, West Indies. Added much to the knowledge of the conchology of the West Indies. Died March 4th.

Sager, Dr. Abram. An American anatomist and physiologist. Born in 1810. Died August 6th, at Ann Arbor, Mich., in the sixty-seventh year of his age.

Santini, Professor. Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory in the University of Padua; his connection with the university dating from 1814. Noted for his investigations in relation to Biela's comet; an author of a valuable text-book of astronomy. Born in 1786.

Schythe, J. C. Attention first devoted to the geography of Greenland, upon which he published several memoirs; resided since 1850 in Chili, as Professor of Natural Sciences at Santiago. Served as governor of the Territory of Magellan from 1853 to 1865. Born Feb. 6, 1814. Died at Valparaiso, January 30th.

Smee, Alfred. A surgeon by profession, but devoting much time to industrial experiments, and a well-known electrician. Died January 11th, at the age of fifty-eight.

Smith, Mrs. Pleasance. Widow of Sir James Edward Smith, a distinguished botanist, who died in 1828. She followed him February 3d, 1877, at the age of one hundred and four years.

Spalding, Douglas A. A frequent contributor of articles in the department of mental science to Nature.

Strange, Lieutenant-Colonel A., F.R.S., etc. Inspector of Instruments to the Indian Government, and connected with the great Indian Trigonometric Survey.

Strong, Moses. Assistant Geologist of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin; a graduate of Yale College in 1867. Drowned August 18th, while engaged in a geological examination of the branches of the Chippewa River.

Stroudberg, Dr. President of the Swedish Academy of Sciences. Died at Stockholm, February 5th.

Swinhoe, Robert. Distinguished as a traveller and investigator of the natural history of China, Formosa, and other eastern countries. Born in Calcutta in 1836, where he also died in his forty-first year.

Talbot, W. H. Fox. Inventor of the Talbot-type process in photography, in 1840. Died September 17th, at the age of seventy-seven.

Tenney, Professor Sanborn. Professor of Natural History at Williams College; author of a valuable text-book of zoology. About to start in charge of an expedition, composed of students of Williams College, for the scientific exploration of a portion of the Rocky Mountains, he died of heartdisease, July 10th.

Thuret, Madame. Widow of the eminent French botanist. She bequeathed $40,000 to the French Republic for the promotion of agricultural science at Antibes.

Tobler, T. Occupied for several years in explorations in Palestine, he published numerous works upon its geology, architecture, etc. Born June 25th, 1806. Died January 21st, at Munich.

Valdez, Francisco Travossos. investigate the slave-trade in Timor. Life in Western Africa."

Member of the Portuguese mission to
Author of "Six Years of a Traveller's

Wahlgren, Professor Frederick. Of the University of Lund. Died in July, in his fifty-eighth year.

Weddell, Hugh d'Algernon. Born in 1819. Died July 22d, at Poitiers. Known for his "History of Cinchona Trees," and various works of South American plants.

Wilkes, Rear-Admiral Charles. Born in New York in 1801. Died in Washington, February 8th, at the age of nearly seventy-six. Distinguished in the American navy for professional ability and scientific acquirements; well-known as the commander of the famous American Exploring Expedition around the World, extending from August, 1838, to June, 1842. Commissioned as Rear-Admiral, on the retired list, July 25th, 1866.

Windich, T. One of the aborigines of West Australia, and the companion of Hunt, Alexander Foster, and John Forrest in their explorations. Died March 3d.

Winslow, Dr. Charles F. Author of many articles on physical science, relating more particularly to the phenomena of earthquakes. Died in Utah, at the age of sixty-six.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

SELECT WORKS ON SCIENCE PUBLISHED DURING 1877.

The usual list of works published during the year which the Record covers is here presented. As in past years, it is necessarily a very partial enumeration, and mostly confined to those works that have been noticed in a few of the prominent scientific periodicals of the day. The limitations of the Record preclude an exhaustive bibliography; nor, indeed, is this required by the plan of the work. Those volumes that have features of general interest to commend them, or are of special scientific value, have for the most part been included: two or three, however, have been mentioned that are of exceptional worthlessness, on account of their general circulation; in the latter case their character is indicated.

Wherever the volumes themselves were accessible, the titles and collations have been taken directly from them. In many cases, however, the compiler has been obliged to depend solely on the titles contained in the journals in which the volumes have been noticed, or upon booksellers' announcements. These are often, and indeed generally, deficient in some point or other: e. g., the title may be imperfect or altered; the date of publication may be omitted, and then it is not always certain whether the volume has been published during the current year or in a past one; there is a difference in the statements as to sizes; the collation is frequently absent or erroneous, and the number of pages incorrectly given, and sometimes even the place of publication is omitted. Wherever the means of verification or correction by referring to the volumes themselves have been possible, they have been improved; unfortunately, however, in many cases the volumes themselves could not be consulted.

The titles of the works catalogued are enumerated in as nearly as possible a logical sequence, and under those heads. where they would be most likely to be sought for by the

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