falling from the clouds leaves its imprint upon the sand, and the stone, which rolls from the mountain-top scratches its course to the very bottom. The mighty river as it flows majestically along, marks the banks which hedge it in, and leaves the imprint of its torrent upon the rocks which intercept its course. In every aspect in which we view the works of nature, we find them leaving their own history for the benefit of the future.

It is better to trust those who are tried than those who pretend. Our Government will be destroyed, if it is ever destroyed, by ignoIf the people are educated, the Government will stand unshaken through every trial.

rance.

The educated man will think, and if his heart is educated will feel, and "out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaketh."

Below the sacred cross waves the flag of freedom, the former forever overlooking the latter.

The people are honest, the people are brave, the people are true. While I live I will stand as their defender. Living or dying, I shall defend the liberties of this people, making war against dictation, and against aristocracy and in favor of Republicanism.

Our Government is based, theoretically and practically, upon a proper compromise between perfect individual liberty and centralized

power.

The nullification and disobedience of law is one of the first steps in the direction of disintegration and dissolution.

'Tis true the grave in its silence gives forth no voice, no whispers of the morrow; but there is a voice borne upon the lips of the morning zephyrs that lets fall a whisper quickening the heart with a knowledge that there is an abode beyond the tomb.

That evil will ever go side by side with good in this world, experience gives us no reason to doubt.

We have received from our ancestors and from the present generation of philosophic scientists a body of knowledge and wisdon, the worth of which even genius can scarcely estimate. Let that be given to every child that breathes our atmosphere, in substantially the same spellingbook and primer, in schools as good among the snows of Aroostook, as in marts of New York, Boston, or Charleston; as free on the shores of Puget Sound as on the prairies of Illinois, and as well-taught in the rice-fields of the South as on the hills of Connecticut. Then we shall be "one and inseparable, now and forever."

LOGAN'S LITERARY TASTES AND TREASURES-EXTENT OF
CLASSICAL AND OTHER

HIS SPEECHES.

KNOWLEDGE-HOW

HIS

HE PREPARED

Congressman Thomas of Illinois is reported in the Cleveland Leader as saying, prior to the General's last illness:

General Logan has, perhaps, with one exception, the finest private library in Illinois. He has 5,000 volumes, and among them are many old and very rare books. You have heard of the book of Jeshur. There are, I understand, only three copies in the country, and Logan has one of them. Another is in the possession of the Lennox Library in New York, and another in the Crocker library in San Francisco. Logan was a long time in finding his. He had agents looking for it in different parts of Europe, but he finally stumbled across it himself one day while looking over the stock of an old second-hand bookseller on the Strand in London. He has also many rare copies of the Bible, and his theological library is very complete. He delights in theological study, and has read closely not only the Christian religion, but the works of Confucius, the Koran, and the Hindoo Bible. He likes to discuss the doctrinal points of Christianity, but, as I said before, all of his belief tends to that of the Methodists. His wife is largely interested in charity and church work. John A. Logan has also been a great reader of history. He has read all of the classics in translation, if not in the original, and has a wide scope of general knowledge. In his preparation for his speeches he never writes and commits what he is going to say, but studies the subject well and formulates his speech in his mind before he takes the floor. In other words he makes up the skeleton and trusts to the inspiration of the moment to put flesh on the bones.

WHY SHERMAN DISPLACED LOGAN FROM COMMAND OF THE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE AFTER LOGAN'S GREAT VICTORY OF ATLANTA-THE SHERMAN-LOGAN CORRESPONDENCE-SHERMAN'S ORAL AND WRITTEN STATEMENTS SINCE LOGAN'S DEATH— HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF SHERMAN TO HALLECK AND TO LOGAN HIMSELF-THE REAL REASONS FOR SHERMAN'S INJUSTICE.

That General Logan keenly felt the injustice of Sherman's action in securing the appointment of Howard to the perma

nent command of the Army of the Tennessee, when Logan had so signally demonstrated his own capacity to command it, both at and after the great victory of Atlanta, is known to all who have ever talked with him on the subject, the writer among them; and it must be equally evident to all who have read the various attempts since made by General Sherman to explain away his singular conduct in this affair, that the latter has always had since then, and still has, an unquiet consciousness of it himself, which is ever impelling him to fresh attempts to justify it.*

Thus, no sooner was Logan dead, than Sherman's unquiet conscience forced him to address a letter (December 28, 1886) to Whitelaw Reid, for publication in the New York Tribune, (in which it appeared January 1, 1887,) wherein, after mentioning some complimentary after-dinner remarks made by Logan concerning Sherman at a banquet given to the latter at Washington, February 8, 1883, by District-Attorney Corkhill, in anticipation of Sherman's retirement from active command in the army, he made public a private correspondence which had afterward passed between them as follows:

"WASHINGTON, D. C., SUNDAY, February 11, 1883.

"GENERAL JOHN A. LOGAN, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C.

"DEAR GENERAL: This is a rainy Sunday, a good day to clear up old scores, and I hope you will receive what I propose to write in the same friendly spirit in which I offer it. "I was very much touched by the kind and most complimentary terms in which you spoke of me personally at the recent Corkhill banquet, on the anniversary of my sixty-third birthday, and have since learned that you still feel a wish that I should somewhat qualify the language I used in my Memoirs, volume 2, pages 85 and 86, giving the reasons why General O. O. Howard was recommended by me to succeed McPherson in the command of the Army of the Tennessee, when by the ordinary rules of the service the choice should have fallen to you. I confess frankly that my ardent wish is to retire from the command of the army with the kind and respectful feelings of all men, especially of those who were with me in the days of the civil war, which must give to me and to my family a chief claim on the gratitude of the people of the United States.

"I confess that I have tortured and twisted the words used on the pages referred to, so as to contain my meaning better without offending you, but so far without success. I honestly believe that no man to-day holds in higher honor than myself the conduct and action of John A. Logan from the hour when he realized that the South meant war. Prior to the war all men had doubts, but the moment Fort Sumter was fired on from batteries in Charleston these doubts dissipated as a fog, and from that hour thenceforth your course was manly, patriotic, and sublime. Throughout the whole war I know of no single man's career more complete than yours.

"Now as to the specific matter of this letter. I left Vicksburg in the fall of 1863 by order of General Grant in person, with three divisions of my own corps (15th) and one of McPherson's (16th) to hasten to the assistance of the Army of the Cumberland (General Rosecrans commanding) which according to the then belief had been worsted at Chickamauga. Blair was with us, you were not. We marched through mud and water four hun

In his "Memoirs" (Vol. II., pp. 85-86) General Sherman undertakes to justify his conduct, and quiet his conscience, in these words:

But it first became necessary to settle the important question of who should succeed General McPherson. General Logan had taken command of the army of the Tennessee by virtue of his seniority, and had

dred miles from Memphis, and you joined me on the march with an order to succeed me in command of the 15th Corps, a Presidential appointment, which Blair had exercised temporarily. Blair was at that time a member of Congress, and was afterward named to command the 17th Corps, and actually remained so long in Washington that we had got to Big Shanty before he overtook us. Again after the battles of Missionary Ridge and Knoxville, when Howard served with me I went back to Vicksburg and Meridian leaving you in command of the 15th Corps along the railroad from Stevenson to Decatur. I was gone three months, and when I got back you complained to me bitterly against George H. Thomas, that he claimed for the Army of the Cumberland everything, and almost denied the Army of the Tennessee any use of the railroads. I sustained you, and put all army and corps commanders on an equal footing, making their orders and requisitions of equal force on the depot officers and railroad officials in Nashville. Thomas was extremely sensitive on that point, and as you well know had much feeling against you personally which he did not conceal. You also went to Illinois more than once to make speeches and were so absent after the capture of Atlanta at the time we started for Savannah, and did not join us until we had reached Savannah.

"Now I have never questioned the right or propriety of you and Blair holding fast to your constituents by the usual methods; it was natural and right, but it did trouble me to have my corps commanders serving two distinct causes, one military and the other civil or political; and this did influence me when I was forced to make choice of an army commander to succeed McPherson. This is all I record in my Memoirs; it was so and I cannot amend them. Never in speech, writing, or record, surely not in the Memoirs, do I recall applying to you and Blair, for I always speak of you together, the term of 'political general.' If there be such an expression I cannot find it now, nor can I recall its use. The only place wherein the word 'politics' occurs is in the pages which I have referred to, and wherein I explain my own motive and reason for nominating Howard over you and Blair for the vacant post. My reason may have been bad, nevertheless it was the reason which decided me then and as a man of honor I was bound to record it. At this time, 1883, Thomas being dead, I cannot say more than is in the text, viz.: that he took strong ground against you, and I was naturally strongly influenced by his outspoken opinion. Still I will not throw off on him, but state to you frankly that I then believed that the advice I gave Mr. Lincoln was the best practicable. General Howard had been with me up to Knoxville and had displayed a zeal and ability which then elicited my hearty approbation, and as I trusted in a measure to skilful manœuvres rather than to downright hard-fighting, I recommended him. My Memoirs were designed to give the impressions of the hour, and not to pass judgment on the qualities of men as exemplified in after life.

"If you will point out to me a page or line where I can better portray your fighting qualities, your personal courage, and magnificent example in actual combat, I will be most happy to add to or correct the Memoirs, but when I attempt to explain my own motives or reasons you surely will be the first man to see that outside influence will fail.

66

'My course is run, and for better or worse I cannot amend it, but if ever in your future

done well; but I did not consider him equal to the command of three corps. Between him and General Blair there existed a natural rivalry. Both were men of great courage and talent, but were politicians by nature and experience, and it may be that for this reason they were mistrusted by regular officers like General Schofield, Thomas, and myself. It was all-important that there should exist a perfect understanding among the army commanders, and at a conference with General

you want a witness to your intense zeal and patriotism, your heroic personal qualities, you may safely call on me as long as I live. I surely have watched with pride and interest your career in the United States Senate, and will be your advocate if you aim at higher honors. I assert with emphasis that I never styled you or Blair 'political generals' and if I used the word 'politics' in an offensive sense, it was to explain my own motives for action, and not as descriptive.

"Wishing you all honor and happiness on this earth, I am as always your friend, "W. T. SHERMAN."

"Personal.

"UNITED STATES SENATE,
WASHINGTON, D. C.,

"GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN.

"SUNDAY, February 18, 1883.

"MY DEAR SIR: I have delayed acknowledging your letter of the 11th inst. up to this time for the reason that I have been so much engaged every moment of time that I could not sooner do so; for your expression of kindly feelings toward me, I tender my grateful acknowledgments.

"I am inclined, however, my dear General, to the opinion that had you fully understood the situation in which I was placed at the times mentioned by you, that I returned North from the army for the purpose of taking part in the political contests then going on, that perhaps your criticisms on my (then) course would not have been made. I did not do it for the purpose of 'keeping a hold on my people.' I refused a nomination in my own State for a very high position for the reason that I would not have anything to do with parties while the war should last. In 1863 when I went home to canvass in Illinois, and to help in Ohio, General Grant was fully advised, and knows that although I had to make application for leave of absence, I did not do it of my own volition, but at the request of those high in authority. So when I left on leave, after the Atlanta campaign, to canvass for Mr. Lincoln, I did it at the special and private request of the then President. This I kept to myself, and have never made it public, nor do I propose to do so now, but feel that I may in confidence say this to you, that you may see what prompted my action in the premises. I have borne for this reason whatever I may have suffered by way of criticism, rather than turn criticism on the dead.

"So far as General Thomas having feeling in the matter you mention, I presume he entertained the same feeling that seemed to be general, that no one without a military education was to be trusted to command an army; this I think was the feeling then, and is now, and will ever be. I find no fault with it; this as a rule is probably correct, but the experience of the world has occasionally found exceptions to this rule. I certainly never gave General Thomas any occasion to have strong feelings against me. I did complain that I was not on an equality with him while I commanded between Decatur and Stevenson; that my passes on the roads were not recognized, and I have General Thomas' letter afterward, admitting the fact and apologizing to me for the conduct of his officers in this matter.