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In parting with Mr. Gernon's book, we wish to speak kindly, yet impartially, and we think the arrangement of his subject unhappy. The Act afforded too slender materials for a series of comments, placed under each section, the commentary, sometimes, being a repetition of the text. This arrangement may pass uncensured when adopted with reference to acts of parliament spread over a large space, and comprising detached subjects, but is not suited to a short statute. Our author does himself and his subject injustice, who thus splits into fragments, matter that connected together would have formed a neat treatise. We do not wish, however, to detract from the practical utility of the work, it will be found a useful compendium of the statute in a couvenient form, and the legal propositions are in our judgment correct.

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(Continued from page 32.)

petty sessions; and direct payment of such money to such 'collector, and in default may issue his warrant for the levy 'thereof; and every rate made under the authority of the said act, or the first-recited act, and any money directed to be levied in the county or the county of the city of Dublin, may be levied, by the same means, as the grand jury cess, and whereas doubts exist whether the divisional just'ices so as to exercise jurisdiction for the hearing of com'plaints as to nonpayment of poor rates or for the recovery of poor rates within the said police districts, and doubts 'exist whether the police offices at which such justices preside be petty sessions within the meaning of the said 'last-recited act or acts,' for the removal of such doubts be it enacted, that the several divisional justices of the police district of Dublin metropolis shall for the purposes of the said acts and every other act heretofore made or hereafter to be made with respect to the raising, levying, or enforcing payment of any poor rate in Ireland, have the same powers, and jurisdiction within the police districts of Dublin metropolis as any justice has within his county in respect to poor rates made or to be made in Ireland; and wherever, any proceeding, is or shall be authorized or directed by a justice of the peace at petty sessions, or by justices of the peace of any county, &c., the said divisional justices of Dublin metropolis, or any one or more of them, shall have all such powers and jurisdictions at the divisional police offices within such police district of Dublin metropolis at which they shall preside as any justice at petty sessions.

7. That after the passing of this act the collectors of grand jury cess in the county of the city of Dublin, may collect, sue for, and recover the grand jury cess of such county of the city of Dublin, by all the ways and means, may be collected and levied in any other county in Ireland. 8. That the divisional justices of the police district of Dublin metropolis shall, for the purposes of every act made or to be made with respect to the raising, or enforcing payment of grand jury cess in the county of the city of Dublin, have the same powers and jurisdiction within the police district of Dublin metropolis, as any justice of any county in Ireland has within his respective county with respect to grand jury cess to be raised within the same.

9. That this act may be amended or repealed by any act to be passed in this present session of parliament.

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for arrest shall issue from certain courts in Ireland for debts or sums not exceeding £10., save as herein excepted.

2. Such writs, &c. for sums not exceeding £10 issued before commencement of act, but not executed, shall not be executed against the person, save as herein excepted.

3. Persons in custody on or after the commencement of the act under any such writs, &c. for sums not exceeding £10, shall be discharged on application to the Sheriff, &c. Judgment, &c. to remain in force notwithstanding the discharge of the debtor. 4. When a defendant, &c. is exempted from arrest or discharged from custody by virtue of this act, the plaintiff may serve a Civil Bill Process, requiring the defendant to show cause why process of arrest or committal should not issue. Civil Bill Process to be according to Form (A) in Schedule. 5. If Assistant Barrister shall find that defendant has property fit to be administered under the Insolvent Act, he may direct a process of arrest to issue, or if debt contracted fraudulently may commit him. In default of defendant's appearance, decree may be made.

6. Power to examine or commit at the original hearing of a Civil Bill in certain cases.

7. Upon affidavit that a defendant is about to quit Ireland, he may by a special order be taken in exe

8.

9.

cution.

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Affidavits, when required to be made in Great Britain, may be made before Extraordinary Commissioners of the Court of Chancery in Ireland. & 4 Vict. c. 105.

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16. Possession of small tenements may be recovered by summons before Justices of the Peace.

17. The manner in which such summons shall be served.
18. Interpretation of Act.

19. To extend to Ireland only.
20. Commencement of Act.
21. Act may be amended, &c.

Whereas it is exepdient to limit the present power of 'arrest for debts, damages, demands, or costs, under pro'cess from courts of law or equity or inferior courts in

Ireland' be it enacted, that from the commencement of this act no writ, process, or warrant to arrest the body of any defendant in any action or suit, (actions for malicious prosecution, deceit, libel, slander, criminal conversation, seduction, or breach of promise of marriage, only excepted,) shall be issued in Ireland, founded on a judgment, decree, or order of any of the superior or inferior courts in Ireland, when the sum to be paid under such judgment, decree, or order, exclusive of the costs, if any, thereby recovered, shall not exceed the sum of ten pounds; nor shall any process, or warrant to arrest the body of any plaintiff, defendant, or other person in any action or suit be issued, founded on any judgment, decree, or order for costs only, when such costs due shall not exceed ten pounds; nor founded on any decree or order of any court of equity, ecclesiastical court, or court of admiralty in Ireland, for the payment of money, whether wholly or partly costs when the sum due shall not exceed ten pounds.

2. That in case any such writ, process, or warrant to arrest the person (save as before excepted) founded on any judgment, &c. when the sum due shall not exceed the sums before mentioned and shall not have been executed before the day of the commencement of this act, same shall not,

after said day, be executed against the person of the party against whom issued.

3. That in any case in which any person shall, before the commencement of this act, be in custody by virtue of any such process, &c. founded on any such judgment, &c. (save as excepted,) when the sum shall not exceed the sums before mentioned, the sheriff or officer in whose custody such person shall be detained, is required, on his application, to discharge him forthwith as to such execution, &c. without prejudice to any other lawful right to detain such person in custody provided that the judgment, &c. whereupon such party was taken in execution or arrested shall remain in force to the intent that the creditor, &c. may have remedy and execution thereupon against the property of such party in such manner as otherwise he could have done in case such party had never been taken in execution upon such judgment, &c. or order, and provided, that in the cases before mentioned, whenever before this act process against the person of any debtor for such sum not exceeding ten pounds is now the only process issued out of any court such court after the passing of this act, may instead of such process against the person issue a process in the nature of an execution, &c. against the goods of the debtor, for the seizure and sale of same as heretofore issued in such cases.

4. That in all cases in which any judgment, &c. for any such sum, shall be had, under and by virtue of which the defendant might if this act had not been passed be arrested, or whenever any defendant shall be discharged from custody by virtue of this act, and the plaintiff shall not have recovered his demand out of the goods of such defendant the plaintiff may cause a civil bill process to be issued against the defendant requiring him to appear before the Assistant Barrister for the county at the general quarter sessions for the division in which such defendant shall reside, and show cause why execution should not issue against his person in respect of such judgment, &c. and such process shall be according to the form (A.) in the schedule to this act, or as near thereto as the nature of the case will admit; and the Assistant Barristers shall have power to determine such civil bill; and the service and proceedings relating thereto, and the costs shall be subject to like regulations, as any civil bill in cases of debt or assumpsit, save as herein otherwise provided.

5. That at the hearing of such civil bill the Assistant Barrister may cause the plaintiff and defendant, or either of them, to be examined on oath, and investigate the amount of the demands due by the defendant, and the nature and amount of any property he or any one in trust for him is, was, or may be possessed of or entitled to, and the circumstances under which the debt due to the plaintiff was incurred, and the means and expectation of payment thereof; and if the defendant or any one in trust for him is possessed of property which, regard being had to the nature thereof, and to the debts due by the defendant, and to the security of his creditors, ought, in the opinion of the Assistant Barrister, to be administered under insolvent acts, or that the defendant is able to discharge the plaintiff's debt, then the Assistant Barrister may issue a decree, to take in execution the body of the defendant to satisfy the plaintiff's demand and costs, with stay of execution, which decree may be according to the form (B.) to this act annexed, or as the case may require; and under such decree the defendant may be arrested and detained in custody, but if at such hearing it shall appear to such Assistant Barrister that there is not property of the defendant which ought to be administered under the said acts or that the defendant is not able to discharge the plaintiff's debt, but that he has obtained credit from the plaintiff under false pretences, or by fraud or breach of trust, or has contracted such debt without a reasonable expectation of being able to pay same, or shall have made any gift. or transfer of property, or charged, or concealed same, with intent to defraud his creditors, the Assistant Barrister may by a decree according to the form (B.) to this act annexed, or as the case may require, order such defendant to be committed to the gaol or house of correction of the county, or place in which the defendant is resident, for any period not exceeding three months, unless the plaintiff be sooner paid, without prejudice to any remedies for the re

covery of the plaintiff's demand out of the property of the defendant: provided that the plaintiff need not appear in person at the hearing of such civil bill: also, there shall be no appeal from any such decision of the Assistant Barrister; and in case of a dismiss the costs shall be paid by the plaintiff or set off against his demand, and if the defendant shall not personally appear at such hearing the Assistant Barrister inay proceed to the hearing in his absence, and make such decree as he shall think fit.

6. That in any civil bill where the power of arrest would otherwise be taken away under this act, the Assistant Bar. rister at the original hearing of the cause, may examine the defendant and the plaintiff, and grant a decree against the person of the defendant, or commit him to prison, as if the plaintiff had proceeded specially by a civil bill for such purpose, as in the last preceding provision mentioned, provided that the plaintiff shall cause a notice to be annexed to or endorsed on the civil bill process, stating that he will proceed under the powers and provisions of this act, insert. ing the title thereof.

7. That in any action in any court for such sums as aforesaid, when a judgment, &c. for such sums shall be obtain. ed, where the defendant might be arrested, if this act had not been passed, if the plaintiff show, to the satisfaction of the court in which such action shall be brought, or such judgment, &c. obtained, that there is probable cause for believing that the defendant, or one of them, is about to quit Ireland unless he be arrested, any such court may, upon the hearing of the case, in the first instance grant an execution, &c. against the person of the defendant, or (in the case of an execution, &c. theretofore obtained) direct such defendant to be arrested under such judgment, &c.; and plaintiff may arrest the defendant, as if this act had not passed: provided that in the case of any such order for arrest in respect of a judgment, &c. theretofore obtained, the person so arrested may apply to the court in which such judgment, &c. shall have been obtained, for a rule on the plaintiff to show cause why he should not be discharged, and the court may make such order thereon as shall seem fit, or direct the costs of the application to be paid by either party, not exceeding in any civil bill court the costs of a decree; but if the party arrested shall be discharged, it shall be without prejudice to any remedies for the recovery of the plaintiff's demand out of the property of the defendant, and the execution, &c. against the person may be changed to an execution, &c. against such property.

8. Provided, that nothing in the preceding enactments contained shall affect any informations or other proceedings under any of the statutes relating to Her Majesty's revenue of Excise, or Customs, Stamps, Taxes, or Post Office.

9. And whereas it is expedient to protect the tools and actual necessaries belonging to judgment debtors from 'being seized in execution;' be it enacted, that from the passing of this act the wearing apparel and bedding of any debtor under a judgment, &c. or of his family, and the implements of his trade, the value of same not exceeding in the whole five pounds, shall not be liable to seizure under any execution, &c. against his goods.

10. That for the purposes of this act the clerks of the peace may issue a summons in the nature of a subpoena ad testificandum or duces tecum to any person in Ireland requiring him to appear and give evidence before the Assistant Barrister; and in case he shall not attend, the Assistant Barrister may upon proof of service six days before the day of appearance, and that the expenses of such person had been paid or tendered at the time of service, award such penalty against such person not exceeding five pounds, as he shall deem fit, causing to be filed of record in his court an affidavit of the time, place, and manner of such service and of the tender of expenses, to be made by the person proving same; which penalty shall be paid to the party at whose instance the summons shall have issued; and which together with expenses paid to such witness, shall be recoverable in the civil bill court of the place where awarded, or where such witness resides: and the certificate of the clerk of the peace of such county, signed by him, of such penalty having been awarded, shall be primâ facie evidence thereof: and the Assistant Barrister may award such sum for the expen

Ses of witnesses as he may deem proper, not exceeding five pounds in the case of any one witness; to be recoverable in addition to the sum ordered to be paid in such decree or order, and when payable by a plaintiff in like manner as before provided as to the cost of a dismiss.

11. That every Assistant Barrister, although he shall not be at the time within his county may take any affidavit concerning any action or proceeding in his court, and administer the necessary oath and same shall be of the same force, and the penalty for false swearing shall be the same, and the same fees shall be payable thereon, as if same was taken by the Assistant Barrister in the civil bill court within his county provided that every such affidavit shall, within six days after same shall be made, be delivered to the clerk of the peace of such county, or at his office, to be filed in said court, otherwise same to be void.

12. That in every proceeding before any Assistant Barister, an office copy of any original will or other testamentary document lodged in any ecclesiastical court in Ireland, or in the registry thereof, and which shall appear by such copy to have been duly proved, and probate or letters of administration thereof granted, shall, upon proof of the signature of the proper officer of such ecclesiastical court certifying same to be a true copy, be admitted as primâ facie evidence of the contents of such original will; and the proper officer of such ecclesiastical court is hereby required to make a memorandum in writing upon such copy of the time at which, and the person to whom such probate or administration was granted: providing, that the party producing such copy shall give notice to the adverse party in writing six days before producing same.

13. That in every such proceeding an office copy of any judgment, decree, or order, by any court of law or equity in Ireland, certified by the proper officer of such court, shall, upon proof of such officer's handwriting, be taken as primâ facie evidence of such judgment, decree, or order.

14. That the service of any civil bill process on the defendant, or the wife, child, or servant of the defendant, at his shop, office, warehouse, or place of business, shall be as valid as service at the residence of the defendant: provided that no such process shall be served on Good Friday or Christmas day.

15. ‘And doubts have arisen whether, under the 3 & 4 Viet. c. 105, the affidavits mentioned in the 8th section of 'said act can be made before the Extraordinary Commissioners of the Court of Chancery in Ireland for taking af'fidavits in Great Britain: and whereas it is expedient *that the said commissioners should have the power to take 'such affidavits;' same may be made before said commissioners, as same are now made before the Masters in ordinary and extraordinary of the said court in Ireland.

16. And certain tenements and parts of tenements are 'held in cities and towns in Ireland, at small monthly and 'weekly rents, and it is just that where the power to en'force the payment of such rents by arrest of the person is 'taken away, greater facility should be given for the re'covery of the possession of such premises;' be it enacted, that from the commencement of this act, when the term of the tenant of any house, or part of a house, in any county of a city, or county of a town, or borough, or market town, in Ireland, held for any term not exceeding one calendar month, at a rent not exceeding one pound sterling by the month, shall have ended, or been determined by a notice to quit, and such tenant, or any person by whom the premises or any part thereof shall be then occupied, shall refuse to quit and deliver up possesion thereof the landlord or his known agent or receiver may cause such person to be served with a summons in writing, signed by a justice of the peace having jurisdiction in the place in which said premises are situate, to appear before any two or more justices at any court of petty sessions, &c., to show cause why possession of said premises should not be delivered up to such landlord or his agent, or receiver; and if the tenant shall not appear, or shall appear, and shall not, to the satisfaction of such justices, show cause why possession should not be given, and shall still refuse to deliver up the possession of said premises, the said landlord, or his agent, or receiver, may give proof of the olding, and of the determination of the

Tenancy, with the time and manner thereof, and where the title of the landlord hath accrued since the letting of the premises, the right by which he claims the possession, and such justice of the peace may issue a warrant to any constable of the district within which such premises shall be situate, requiring him, within not less than seven or more than ten clear days from the date thereof, to give possession of the premises to such landlord or agent; and same shall be a sufficient warrant to said constable to enter upon the premises, with such assistants as he shall deem necessary, and to give possession accordingly provided that such entry shall not be made on a Sunday, Good Friday, or Christmas day, or at any time except between the hours of nine in the morning and four in the afternoon : provided, that nothing herein contained shall protect any person by whom such warrant shall be sued out, from any action by any such tenant or occupier in respect of such entry and taking possession, where such person had not, as the time of suing out the same as aforesaid, lawful right to the possession of the said premises.

17. That such summons may be served personally or by leaving same with some person in occupation of such house or part of a house, and where the tenant shall not reside therein, by serving same personally or by leaving same at his abode four clear days before the day for the hearing of the said summons: provided, that if the person so holding over cannot be found, and admission into the premises cannot be obtained, and the abode of such person shall either not be known or admission thereto cannot be obtained, the posting of the summons on some conspicuous part of the premises so held over shall be deemed to be good service upon such person.

18. That in construing this act and the schedule thereto, unless the context shall exclude such construction, words importing the singular number shall extend to several persons or things; and words importing the plural number, shall extend to one person or thing; and words importing the masculine gender only, shall extend to a female; and the expression "Assistant Barister" shall include the Recorder of Dublin, and the chairman of the sessions of the peace for the county of Dublin, the Recorder of Cork or of Derry, or the Recorder of any other corporation acting and holding courts pusuant to the act for the regulation of municipal corporations in Ireland; and the word "decree" shall include a dismiss and a renewal of a civil bill decree; the word "plaintiff" shall include a petitioner; the word defendant" shall include a respondent; and the words "action" or "suit" shall include a petition or matter. 19. That this act shall extend only to Ireland.

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20. Thas this act shall commence and take effect on the first day of November, 1848.

21. That this act may be amended or repealed, &c. Schedule to which the foregoing act refers. FORM (A.)

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Form of Civil Bill to be served pursuant to this act. County of By the Assistant Barister at the sessions division of for the said county. A. B of in the county of [Residence and addition of plaintiff[s] or complainant[s].] Plaintiff [or complainant].

in the [Resi

C. D. of county of dence and addition,] Defendant[s].

at

on

The defendant[s] is [or are] hereby required to appear before the said assistant Barister, day of to answer the plaintiff's bill, and to show cause why execution or process of arrest [or a committal] should not issue against the person of the defendant, under or in respect of a certain judgment [or decree, or order] of the court of bearing date the day of had and obtained by the said plaintiff[s] [or complainant[s] against the said defendant [s], for the payment of the sum of by the said defendant[s], in a certain action [or suit], for [state the former cause of action, or nature of the former action, or that the claim is for costs, as the case may be]; and which said sum of pounds the said plaintiff[s] has [or have] been unable to recover from the said defendant, or out of the goods and chattels of the defendant.

Or in default thereof the said Assistant Barister will pro- LEGAL AND HISTORICAL DEBATING SOCIETY.

ceed as to justice shall appertain.

Dated this

day of

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C. D. of County of and Addition,]

in the

[Residence

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It appearing to the court that the plaintiff[s] caused a Civil Bill to be brought against the defendant[s], requiring him [or them] to show cause why execution or process of arrest [or a committal]

ESTABLISHED 1828.

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The new Act for the abolitition of arrest for sums under ten pounds, and for the recovery of the possession of small tenements before Justices of the peace, with a full commentary, Index, notes and forms, adapted for the professional and trading classes. By WILLIAM GERNON Esq., Barrister-at-law. Dublin: EDWARD J. MILLIKEN. Law Bookseller and Publisher, 15, College-green.

should not issue against the per-AW OF DEBTOR AND CREDITOR IN IRELAND. son of the defendant[s], under and in respect of a certain judg ment [or decree or order] of the Defendant[s] J court of bearing date the day of had and obtained by the said plaintiff[s] [or complainant[s],] against the said defendant[s], for the payment of the sum of by the said defendant[s], in a certain action [or suit] for [state the former cause of action or claim], and which said sum of the said plaintiff[s] had been unable to recover from the said defendant[s] or out of the goods and chattels of the defendant [s].

And it appearing to the court that the said plaintiff[s] is [or are] entitled to the said execution [or decree or order] to be executed against the person of the defendant[s], [or to have the said defendant[s] committed for

shillings and

:

It is therefore ordered and decreed by the court here, that the said plaintiff[s] have execution against the person of the said defendant[s] for the said sum of together with pence costs [or that the said defendant[s] be committed to the gaol of for the period of ]: and the several sheriff's of the respective counties in this kingdom are hereby commanded, nothwithstanding any liberty within their bailiwicks to enter the same, and take in execution the body [or bodies] of the defendant[s], to satisfy the said sum of pounds and costs, [or take the body [or bodies] of the said defendant[s], and commit the said defendant[s] to custody in the gaol of for the period of unless the said sum of

and costs be sooner paid].
Dated at
this

Debt or Demand,

Interest,

Cost,

Warrant,

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E. F., Attorney for Plaintiff.

G. H., Attorney for Defendant.

I. K., Assistant Barrister for said County.

CAP. XXIX.

An Act to enable persons having a right to kill hares in
England and Wales to do so, by themselves or persons
authorized by them, without being required to take out
a game certificate.
[22d July, 1848.]

CAP. XXX.

An Act to enable all persons having at present a right to kill
hares in Scotland to do so, by themselves or by persons
authorized by them, without being required to take out a
game certificate.
[22d July, 1848.]

CAP. XXXI.

An Act to amend the procedure in respect of orders for the
removal of the poor in England and Wales, and appeals
therefrom.
[22d July, 1848.]

(To be continued.)

DIES, STAMPS, SEALS, and Stamping Presses, for

Notaries, Public Offices, and Private Uses, on the cheapest terms, at
O'SHAUGHNESSY'S ENGRAVING and EXPEDITIOUS
PRINTING OFFICE, 12, COLLEGE GREEN.

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TROWSERS. The numerous testimonials received by

JAMES O'DRISCOLL in approval of the elegance, ease, and peculiar style of his Trowsers, and likewise the very flattering patronage bestowed on him by the higher classes of society, induces him to apprise his patrons, and those gentlemen who have not hitherto honored him with their orders, that he has secured the services of a few of the most experienced Parisian workinen for the winter season. J. O'D's practical knowledge as a Trow. sers Cutter having been fully tested in the first houses of the British me. tropolis, he is therefore fully qualified to produce an article in this depart. ment of Tailoring, that cannot be excelled in London or Paris. JAMES O'DRISCOLL, Professed Trowsers Maker, 9, ANGLESEA.STREET,

All communications for the IRISH JURIST are to be left, addressed to the Editor, with the Publisher, E. J. MILLIKEN, 15, COLLEGE GREEN. Correspondents will please give the Name and Address, as the columus of the paper cannot be occupied with answers to Anonymous Communications-nor will the Editor be accountable for the return of Manuscripts, &c.

Orders for the IRISH JURIST left with E. J. MILLIKEN, 15, COL LEGE GREEN, or by letter (post paid), will ensure its punctual delivery in Dublin, or its being forwarded to the Country, by Post, on the day of publication.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION-(payable in advance): Yearly, 30s. Half-yearly, 17s. Quarterly, 98.

Printed by THOMAS ISA AC WHITE, at his Printing Office, No. 45, FLEET STREET, in the Parish of St Andrew, and published at 15, COLLEGE GREEN, in same Parish, by EDWARD JOHNSTON MILLIKEN, residing at the same place, all being in the County of the City of Dublin. Saturday, December 2nd, 1848.

Erish Jurist

No. 6. VOL. I.

DECEMBER 9, 1848.

PRICE

(Per Annum, £1 10s. Single Number, 9d.

The Names of the Gentlemen who favour THE IRISH JURIST with Reports in the several Courts of Law and Equity in Ireland, are as follows:

Court of Chancery, in- BOBERT W. OSBORNE, Esq,

cluding Bankruptcy Appeals.......

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and

JOHN PITT KENNEDY, Esq., Bar

risters-at-Law.

WILLIAM BURKE, ESQ., and WILLIAM JOHN DUNDAS, Esq., Barristers-at-Law.

CHARLES HARE HEMPHILL, Esq. and

WILLIAM HICKSON, Esq., Barristers-at Law.

DUBLIN, DECEMBER 9, 1848.

THE imperfections, we have pointed out in the mode of valuation adopted under the poor law, and in the construction of the rate-books, introduce difficulties into the subsequent operations necessary for the collection of the rate; and, coupled with the principle that when the time allowed for appealing has elapsed, the rate-books are conclusive as to the liability of the rate-payer, have given rise to much vexatious and expensive litigation.

The easiest and cheapest mode of enforcing the payment of poor-rate, is by distress. However, it is clear this mode cannot be adopted when the holding liable cannot be identified. Hence the collector is obliged to proceed in the Petit Session Courts, where he obtains a decree, as a matter of course, (the party summoned being concluded by the rate-book) for the amount charged, and costs, which latter item is not unfrequently the greater of the two. We have seen decrees issue for poor-rate and costs where the party decreed was admitted to have had no holding in the townland for which he was rated.

From immediate lessors, payment is enforced either by summons before a magistrate, by civil bill, or action in the superior courts; the two former modes are limited in their application, and the latter is encumbered with much technical difficulty, and attended with great expense. The necessity for these proceedings is to be referred, also, in most instances, to the imperfections already pointed out in the construction of the ratebooks, persons being set down as immediate lessors, who, in reality, are not so. A stranger may be set down as immediate lessor, who, as he could not suspect, would not be likely to examine the rate-books; and yet, if the stranger did not get his name removed by appeal, within the time limited for so doing, he would not only be liable,

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JOHN BLACKHAM, Esq., and
A. HICKEY, Esq., Barristers-at-
Law.

(JOHN T. BAGOT, Esq., and
FLORENCE M'CARTHY, Esq.,

Barristers-at-Law.

CHAS. H. HEMPHILL, Esq., and WILLIAM HICKSON, Esq., Bar

risters-at-Law.

ROBERT LONG, Esq., Barristerat-Law.

but would be the only party liable to pay whatever might be charged against him, and neither the Guardians nor the Commissioners (though aware of the error) could remove the name thus improperly set down, or place the name of the person really liable in its room. If the guardians, instead of proceeding in such cases, could correct the rate-book, when the party applied to for payment could prove to their satisfaction that he was not the party liable; or if, under these circumstances, an appeal were given, much litigation might be avoided, the rate better collected, and the poor law rendered less unpopular.

The staff of the poor law is expensive, and necessarily so. Where there is much and widelyspread distress, it requires vigilant superintendence to administer relief to the really distressed, and to those only. If we could see that the tendency of the poor law was to relieve the country, by diminishing, either directly or indirectly, the amount of destitution, we would find no fault with a little expense on this head, though the country can ill afford any extravagant expenditure.

The persons relieved are classed as the infirm and able-bodied. The former are a very extensive class, and must be regarded, almost, as one of the permanent charges on the unions, to be diminished only by the dying off of these unfortunates. However, even in this way, there is little chance of getting rid of this source of expense, as the gaps which are thus created are constantly filled up by paupers from the able-bodied class, numbers of whom, misery and disease-the consequence of want of sufficient food, of clothing, and frequently of shelter-are reducing to the infirm class; these, of course, as unfit for any kind of employment, are supported gratuitously at the expense of the union.

Not so the able-bodied; they, as a condition to their being supported, must place their labour entirely at the disposal of the guardians; when the workhouses afford sufficient accommodation, they

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