THE BRITISH IN CORSICA (12 S. viii. 10, 35). I cannot find that there was any British occupation of Corsica in 1745 or in 1814. In 1794 it was captured. General Sir David Dundas was in command of the British Force. A full account of the opera: tions is given in Sir John Moore's 'Diary,' vol. i., published in 1904, by Edward Arnold. J. H. LESLIE.

Notes on Books.

Studies in Statecraft: being Chapters, Biographical
and Bibliographical, mainly on the Sixteenth
Century. By Sir Geoffrey Butler. (Cambridge
University Press, 108. net.)

WE would advise students of International Law,
and those general readers who are watching with
interest the rise and progress of the League of
Nations to read this book. It is no ponderous

GASPAR BARLAEUS (12 S. vii. 431, 513).tome contributory to their severer studies; but a set of five pleasant essays reminding us that It may be of interest that the original manu- our problems concerning international relations script of his 'Poemata' was sold in 1859 by have presented themselves, from the time when Messrs. Puttick & Simpson when the manuthe Europe of the Middle Ages was broken up by script library of Dawson Turner, Esq., of the Renaissance, not only to practical statesmen but also to abstract thinkers. Great Yarmouth was dispersed. Its official description is thus given :"No. 34. Barlaeus (Caspar) Poemata et Epistolae Latinae; half morocco, folio, pp. 40, 1636, &c."

:

It was bought by one Boone, and fetched
WILFRED J. CHAMBERS.

148. 8d.

EDWARD DIXON (12 S. vii. 349) was born at Halton, near Leeds (s. of Joseph and Mary D.), Mar. 25, 1778. He must have lived at Halton for some years as his son George Dixon was also born there circa 1807. This George had a son Edward, b. Apr. 21, 1828, at Chapeltown Road, Leeds, and dying Aug. 26, 1900, at Scarborough, buried in S. Cemetery.

A. D. C.

6

The first essay is on Bishop Rodericus Sancius's dialogue De pace et bello.' The writer puts. before us with admirable skill an outline of the political situation which called it forth, a situation chiefly determined-from the standpoint of Rodericus himself by the cautious policy of consolidation and preparation pursued by Pope Paul II. Rodericus was a propagandist of the finest order--and there is reason to take this dialogue as propaganda, intended to rebut the pacificism of the day at a time when pressure made it desirable for the Church to show herself from the Turks and the unruliness of heresy steady and militant. The pacificist speaker in the Dialogue is Platina whom, in all probability, Rodericus, as Castellan of St. Angelo, had, while he was writing, under his charge. The arguments on both sides have much in them common with ours of

to-day, but they are drawn also from the astronomy classics, and are set out in the flowery style of the then current, are illustrated copiously from the Renaissance. Our author finds the value of the dialogue in Rodericus's power of getting behind phrases, of bringing his argument back to concrete fact-urging, for example, that it is idle to consider war apart from the reasons which set men to wage it. This line is what we might expect from Sancius's character and career-a man who deserves to be more widely known, and whom Sir Geoffrey Butler assists the student to discover by printing a list of his works (fortyfive in number) taken from Antonio's Biblioteca Hispana Vetus,' with some additions of his own.

The next essay deals briefly with French commentators on Roman Law-the French "civilians " of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Their minds ran on the nature of sovereignty and the relation-impersonally considered of the princeps to the law; from their study of Roman Law was evolved the theory underlying the new monarchy.

The chapter on William Postel brings before us one of the most curious figures of a time when it was still possible for an erudite person more or less to take the whole of knowledge for his province. How Postel acquired his erudition is but obscurely indicated-except that it is clear that indomitable industry and tenacity he had from his childhood to earn his own liveliplayed a great part therein. An obscure orphan,

hood. At 26 he was so well known as an Oriental

East to collect Oriental MSS. for the King's library at Fontainebleau. He wrote on geography, on theology and on history as well as on philology; but through his work and his undoubted learning there ran a morbid strain of fanaticism, which, through many years increased, brought him into collision with authority, led him into strange extravagances, and well-nigh ruined him altogether. In the end, so great a disturber of the peace had he become, striving to set the world's wrongs right, that he was compelled, as a sort of voluntary prisoner, to take up his abode in the monastery of St. Martin. There, it is consoling to reflect (for it is impossible not to feel some attraction towards Fostel) his brain cleared: the visions which had pursued him vanished and he spent the end of his life in peace, not to be tempted forth from his refuge by any promises of princely favour. Postel owes his place in this book to his theory that God must fulfil himself in a manifestation of divine unity on earth-to be brought about by the operation of a great world power which should keep the world's peace. This power Postel declared to be the people of France: a conclusion from many points of view of curious interest.

The two following essays deal with the "grand design" of Sully and with that of Emerich Crucé, Of Sully's "design" most historical students have heard something though, it seems clear that it must be considered as little more than an exercise of academic quality which amused some leisure hours or served to straighten out the thoughts of the great minister. Crucé (1590-1648) is little more than a name to us and his book, which has escaped oblivion only by three copies, has been recently re-discovered. In its own day it created a stir. Virtually he proposes a kind of League of Nations in a city "where all sovereigns should have perpetually their ambassadors, in order that the differences that might arise should be settled by the judgment of the whole assembly." The theory of 'Le Nouveau Cynée' in which the proposal is worked out grapples with the very problems which the League of Nations itself envisagesembracing all the nations, bending itself not only to settle disputes but also to meet the animosities and the other causes which engender them. The ambassadors assembled in the chosen city "will be trustees and hostages of public peace.... would maintain the ones and the others in good understanding; would meet discontents halfway." Sir Geoffrey well compares with utter

As

ances such as these sentences from General
Smuts's pamphlet-and it might be well, not
merely from historical curiosity, but also in
search of suggestions and confirmation to draw
the attention of students to Crucé's work.
our author quotes "Il est bon de s'apercevoir
qu'on a des aïeux"; and, besides that, a system
or body of ideas when seen from a distance of
time is apt to show truths which do not so easily
appear in a contemporary presentation.

The Antiquaries Journal, vol. i. No. 1. (Oxford
University Press, 58.).

66

THIS volume represents "-we quote from the Foreword of Sir Hercules Read, President of the Society-" a new departure in the history of the Society of Antiquaries."

It represents, indeed, an expansion, a renewal of energy, and a spirit of youthful enterprise in that beloved and venerable Society which we are sure leged to belong to it, will hail with pleasure and every reader of N. & Q.,' whether or not priviwith great hopes of advantage to all students of the past. It is intended, in addition to the work published in the old Proceedings, to give a record of the chief kindred Continental societies and set of archæological discovery, to note the activities up more intimate "relations with them, and to supply such reviews of archaeological literature as shail keep readers au courant as to the character and utility for any special purpose of any works published.

The first instalment of the plan proposed is excellent. We have first the deeply interesting paper of Mr. A. W. Clapham on the Latin Monastic Buildings of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem.

culties of exploration under the Moslems having This breaks new ground, the diffihitherto proved virtually hopeless obstruction. Lieut.-Col. Hawley and Mr. C. R. Peers supply an interim Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge-which needs no recommendation to our readers' attention. Traprain Law (Mr. A. O. Curle); an imperfect The silver discovered at Irish Shrine (Mr. E. C. R. Armstrong); and a Coffin Chalice from Westminster Abbey (the Rev. H. F. adequate illustration-deal with metal-work of Westlake)-each supplied with different ages. Mr. Johnson contributes a most interesting document a grant of forty marks a year by Henry VI. for the Chapel Royal Children of the century is still in obscurity. M. Aimé Rutot whose history for the fifteenth deals with the discoveries at Spiennes. There are four or five weighty reviews of books, notices of periodical literature, editorial notes and bibliography.

66

Notices to Correspondents.

a

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Printing House Square, London, EC 4.; corrected proofs to the Athenæuni Press, 11 and 13 Bream's Buildings, E.C.4.

dents are requested to write only on one side of FOR the convenience of the printers, corresponsheet of paper.

CORRIGENDA.

(General Index to Eleventh Series. and Index to Vol. VI. of the present Series). -We regret to find that the name of so wellknown and greatly valued a correspondent as PROFESSOR BENSLY has been misspelt in both these Indexes. Will those of our readers, who have not already done so, correct Bensley to Bensly. NOLA (12 S. vii. 502; viii. 37).-In my reply at the last reference for 'blank knoll," read klank knoll. J. T. F. REPRESENTATIVE COUNTY LIBRARIES PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (12 S. viii. 8, 34).-The name of the antiquary who garnered Yorkshire records was Hailstone not Railstone" times, p. 34. as printed three I am sorry my writing was less legible than I meant it to be. ST. SWITHIN.

Printed by THE ATHENÆUM PRESS, Bream's Buildings, E. C.4, and Published by THE TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY (Limited), Printing House Square, London, E. C.4.-January 15, 1921.

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