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your Lp knows him or not. But I submit it to your own Fleasure.

Indisposed. The King lives with more Grandeur here, I think, than at London. The Palace is a regular building, containing 3 square Courts. The Apartments are suited to ye Dignity of an Electoral Court. And suitably furnish'd. Here are no less than 4 Open Tables kept, besides the Prince's, of 10 or 12 Covers Each, Which with the Kings while he was here makes Six. Person appears at Court of any Distinction but is invited to them all in their Turn. The Kings Stables are fine & in them he keeps above 200 Coach and Sadle horses. The Town of Hanover is but indifferently built. It has 3 Lutheran, a & French, a Reformed, & a Popish Church.

I will add no more than while I assure Your Lp that I shall not be so much delighted with the Newness of ye Objects around Me, but I shall have room for ye Delight which ye Continuance of your Regard for Me will give Me; when You shall give Me ye Honour of hearing from You. Which I shall be in ye less danger of missing, if You shall be pleas'd to direct to me at Mr Kembles Marchant in Rotterdam; who will forward them to Me.

In ye mean Time, I remain,
Yr Lordships most obliged
most obedient humble Servant
ROBERT WHATLEY

Osnabrug.
Oct. 27th, NS.

1720.

P.S. Yr Lp has I presume receiv'd Dr Martins Book of Louvain. I had ye honour to present one of ye same with a Letter to Ld Sunderland in this Town 2 nights ago. Who knows him very well, as do all our English Gentry that have been in those Countrys; & who mind ye Conversation of Learned Men. He desir'd Me to make You his Compliments.

MY LORD,

IV.

Hanover. Nov. 20. 1720. NS.

Altho' it be so late that I did my Self the Honour of writing to Your Lordship so largely from Osnabrugh; yet I can't let this Opportunity slip of the Departure of the last Body of English Gentry from this Place, without Remembring Your Lordship in particular, with the rest of my Friends in England.

I came to this Place the 30th of last Month about 4 days after the Kings return from Gohre.* The Court was very full of Persons of Quality that [cam]et from all Quarters to take leave of his Majesty. Among the rest two of the King of Sweden's Brothers. I found but very few English. The Earl of Sunderland I met at Osnabrug, & S G Bing on the Road, and besides my Lord Stanhope, The Marquis of Winchester, ye Lord's Barrington & Gage, Sr Alex. Cairns, & Alderman Bailys, who were here with 2 or 3 merchants on the Harborough account, were all that were here of any Distinction.

You see

I found the Prince a Youth of the Greatest hopes. For Comelyness of Person, Goodness of Nature, and brightness of Parts he has not, I beleive, his Match in ye World. In his Face a great resemblance of his Fathers Features, softened with ye Princesses Mildness. He has all ye Vivacity of his Father, temper'd with his Mothers Sweetness. In short, He has his Fathers Body, but his Mothers Soul. He has always 3 Gouvernours attending Him. And is never admitted to play with those of his own Age. For these last 8 months he has made no progress in his Studys, by reason of his being

* Die Göhrde, a forest, and Electoral hunting-box, situated South-East of Lüneburg.

† Partly illegible through sealing.

Owing to the South Sea trouble the King was

No

I hope these particulars will not displease Your Lordship: As they are laid before You from a Desire of gratifying your Curiosity.

I come now to mention to your Lordship anor Matter. When I waited on Dr Martin at Louvain (the Gentlemen who sent your Lordship that Book concerning ye Constitution) I found him writing to Lds Sunderland & Stanhope, with a Design to send them each a Copy of ye same Book, & understanding I was going to Hanover, desired the favour of Me to convey it, with his Letters to Them. I must add that in these he made a Proposal of Consequence, Which was That he wou'd very speedily publish a Book wherein he wou'd prove that ye Catholicks were obliged in point of Conscience to observe the Oath of Allegiance, & that the Pope had no Power of Dispensing in the Case. By the means of these Letters to La Stanhope I had access to Him; with a very good Grace & he seem'd mightily pleas'd with ye Drs Proposal &c, & received Me very obligingly. As I have a great Inclination, my Lord, to introduce My Self into ye World, & in particular into ye Service of one in my Lords Station or of one in an Ambassadors, I took ye Opportunity to recommend my self to Lord Stanhope; and on his objecting my being a stranger to Him, I nam'd your Lordship as One from whom he might receive a Character, of me, so as to take off that Objection. I told his Lordship, that as He was designed for Cambray he might encrease his Family, & want the Service of a Gentleman who has had a liberal education. His Answer to this was as good as a Promise in Case he went to Cambray he wou'd accept of my Service. I own, My Lord, I have an Ambition to begin to Act a Part in Life; And as I find my Genius chiefly turnd that Way I have pointed to Your Lordsp As You will certainly allow Me, My Ambition is a laudable One, So Your Lordship will I hope forgive Me if I desire You to mention my name on a proper Occasion to my Lord Stanhope so as I may have ye honour of being employed under Him.

My Lord Carteret was here 3 nights. If your Lordship by your Credit with him could recomend Me effectualy to Him, I should be equaly or rather better pleas'd than to find my self in my Lord Stanhopes Service. He is one of ye most aimable Gentlemen I ever saw ; & entertained the Prince, with a vast Variety of Stories from what he had observ'd in his Embassy. I desire Your You can never act for one who will have a more Lordsp to lay this Request of mine to Heart, gratefull Mind of ye Favour You will do Him, nor for one who is more

Your Lordships most obedient

If your Lordship honours Me With a Letter, be pleas'd to direct it for Me, at his Excellency My Lord Whitworth's at Berlin, where I propose to be in a little Time, & from whence I shall have it convey'd to Me, wherever I am. I shall be very glad to find a a Summons in it either to England or Cambray, but more so for ye News of your Lps Welfare.

C. S. B. BUCKLAND.

AMONG THE SHAKESPEARE

ARCHIVES.

(See ante, pp. 23, 45.)

CHANGES IN STRATFORD ON THE ACCESSION

OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.

One of those pardoned at the Coronation of the new Queen on Jan. 15, 1559, was Alderman Jeffreys of Sheep Street. He was a staunch Catholic, had been Bailiff in the first year of Mary, and during her reign had been guilty of actions which made it advisable to seek the royal clemency. He was forgiven everything committed before Nov. 1, 1558, except what might be of a treasonable nature, on payment of 26s. 8d. The same day, Coronation Day, William Smart, the Protestant Schoolmaster, who was in holy orders and therefore forbidden to marry under Mary, took unto himself a wife, Katherine Lewis. On Feb. 1 John Shakespeare sued a neighbour for debt, Matthew Bramley, who was in the leather trade and lived in Rother Market. The case came up again on the 15th, when Shakespeare incurred the usual penalty of 2d. for not following his suit. Apparently he declined to prosecute in consequence of the illness of Bramley's wife, who died, and was buried on the 22nd. In the interval between the 1st and 22nd Feb. there was a change of Steward. Master Roger Edgeworth made his last signature as Senescallus on Feb. 1, and his successor, Master William Court, made his first on Feb. 20. Edgeworth was also Steward of Warwick, where he resided. He was recognised as an adversary of Religion "that is, a Catholic. The Stratford Chamber parted with him and immediately appointed Court in his stead.

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was

William Court alias Smith, who presumably a Protestant, lived in Alveston parish on the south bank of the Avon. He had acted frequently as attorney in the Court of Record, once, on July 29, 1556, on behalf of Thomas Siche of Arscote against John Shakespeare. He had a son, William,

aged nine, who was to become a lawyer. He had also kinsmen in Stratford-Richard Court alias Smith, who on May 2, 1558, married Juliana, daughter of the late Alderman Thomas Dickson alias Waterman; John Court alias Smith, a well-to-do butcher and gentleman; and Christopher Court alias Smith, a yeoman, living in High Street. On July 5, 1559, and on Aug. 19 following John Shakespeare sued Richard Court for a debt of 6s. 8d.

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But if the Stratford Chamber was dissatisfied with its Steward, it was yet more aggrieved by its Romanist Vicar. When Thomas Atwood, nephew or grandnephew of the Thomas Atwood, alias Taylor, who died in 1543, made his will on May 15, 1559, it was witnessed among others by David Tong, priest, probably the curate to Roger Dyos in succession to William Brogden. Atwood died a Catholic, as his bequests show-12d. to the holy mother church of Worcester, and 5s. to "the whole choir with priests and clerks of Stratford Church at his burial. Other legacies, like those of his namesake of 1543, show friendship with the Quynies-40s. "to Annes Quyny, widow in Stratford," probably widow of Richard Quyny and mother of Adrian Quyny; 6s. 8d. to John Quyny, who may have been an uncle or a brother of Adrian; 38. 4d. to Elizabeth Bainton, step-daughter of Adrian Quyny; and the residue of his estate to Adrian Quyny and the Bailiff of 1558-9, Robert Perrott, my trusty lovers, who I make to be my full executors." The testator was buried on May 31, and his will was proved in the peculiar court of Stratford on June 8 before Roger Dyos. The latter date was rather more than a fortnight before St. John Baptist's Day when the PrayerBook was to come again into use. We hear nothing more of the Vicar until the autumn, when on Oct. 14 a letter was addressed from Coughton by Sir Robert Throgmorton and Sir Edward Greville (of Milcote) to the Stratford Chamber in the following terms :

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"And whereas we understand that there is stay made of the Vicar's wages which was due at Michaelmas last, upon what consideration we know not; and whether he mind to keep his benefice or to leave it for any respect, it is no reason that you should keep it from him, which he hath served for, nor the law will not permit you so to do. Wherefore we shall both desire you to see him paid his duty, for otherwise we shall not think so well of you as we have done. So fare you well." A footnote informs us:

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'Master Vicar saith they owed him for half a year at his entry and one year they owed him at

his departure, upon agreement for bonds to save him harmless of the fifteenth and tenths and all other duties."

Salaries were paid at Lady-Day and Michaelmas, and we conclude that Dyos had received nothing since Sept. 29, 1558, the last pay-day under Mary. He evidently contemplated "departure "when the magistrates wrote on Oct. 14, 1559, and when the Council were assured of it they gave him a portion of the amount claimed. He asked for 301, they paid him less than 207; and seventeen years afterwards he sued for and recovered the balance-137. 178. 6d. This sum they had probably spent on Protestant preachers, and felt justified in deducting from the stipend of the Vicar, whom they had never wanted and whose services they considered to be dispensed with at Mary's death. Protestants, we may be sure, officiated in the interval between the "departure Dyos and the appointment of a new Vicar, Master John Bretchgirdle, in Jan. 1561.

of

marks. Ap Williams' mark resembles a church-gable and may mean Holy Church; Tyler's is а circle containing a circle, with a common centre, divided by a cross and may signify the Trinity; Shakespeare's is a glover's compasses and denotes, no doubt, "God encompasseth us (corrupted in a less religious age into "Goat and Compasses "!) Shakespeare's mark is daintily drawn, and does not give the impression of illiteracy.

Squire Clopton, the champion of the Catholic party, must have keenly felt the change from Mary to Elizabeth. He had taken part in the Coronation feast of Mary on Oct. 1, 1553, serving the wafers at the Queen's table and having for his fee "all the instruments as well of silver or other metal for making of the same wafers and also all the napkins and other profits thereunto appertaining. On Jan. 31, 1559, rather more than a fortnight after the Coronation of Elizabeth, he buried his wife in the parish We know something of the personnel of church of Stratford; and less than a year the Stratford Chamber at the time of the later, on Jan. 4, 1560, he signed his will and dispute with Dyos. The Court Leet was died, leaving instructions that he should held on Oct. 6, 1559, eight days before the be interred in the same place. Their bodies letter of the magistrates was written from were laid, no doubt, in what is sometimes Coughton. Adrian Quyny was sworn Bailiff, called "the Clopton Chapel," in the east end and his colleagues were William Whateley, of the north aisle, behind the handsome High Alderman; John Taylor, John Shake-monument built for himself by Sir Hugh speare, William Tyler and William Smith, Clopton. There is nothing to mark the haberdasher, Constables; Humfrey Plymley | grave. Any intention the heir, William and John Wheeler, Chamberlains; Thomas Clopton, may have cherished of erecting Dickson alias Waterman, and Roger Greene, a tomb was probably prevented by the Tasters; Richard Sharpe and William difficult years that followed for himself and Butler, Serjeants at the Mace; William his children. He inherited the bulk of the Trowt and Henry Featherston, Leather property, including manors and lands in Sealers. The Serjeants, and in a less degree Ryon Clifford, Bridgetown, Clopton, Ingon, the Leather Sealers, were permanently, Welcombe, Bearley and elsewhere in Warthough pro forma annually, appointed. The wickshire. His unmarried sisters, Anne, rest were chosen more or less in succession Eleanor and Rose, received 200 marks and according to seniority, but there is no (£113 68. 8d.) apiece, and his married sister, mistaking their Protestant complexion. Elizabeth Arundel, 1007. Among the crediAdrian Quyny, John Wheeler and John tors were William Hopkins, draper of Shakespeare were ultra-Protestant, and some Coventry, and William Tyler, Rafe Cawdrey, of the others were hardly less pronounced in Lewis an Williams, Francis Harbage and their convictions. John Shakespeare's neighbour, William Smith the harberdasher, of Stratford. The witnesses included William Bott the agent. Immediately after Squire Clopton's death (if not shortly before it) his son and his wife removed from New Place to Clopton House, and William Bott, as we have seen, left Snitterfield for New Place.

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The minutes of this Leet are in the Gothic hand of Symons and are witnessed by the affeerors Richard Biddle, Lewis ар Williams, John Wheeler, William Tyler and John Shakespeare. Symons has written the names at the bottom of the page, on the right hand, and the affeerors have attached their signature or mark. Biddle and Wheeler have signed; Lewis ap Williams,

EDGAR I. FRIPP.

6

"LUCASIA." (See 11 S. vii. 228.)-MR. J. J. FOSTER's inquiry about the meaning of Lucasia's Portrait,' a work ascribed to Samuel Cooper, has so far met with no reply in N. & Q.' The portrait is the subject of eight riming triplets under the title To Mr. Sam. Cooper, having taken Lucasia's Picture given December 14, 1660,' on pp. 158, 159 of Mrs. Katherine Philips's Poems (1669). "Lucasia was the poetess's romantic name for her friend Miss Anne Owen of Landshipping who entered the Society of Friendship on Dec. 28, 1651, and was married to a son of Sir Thomas Hanmer in May, 1662. See Mr. Gosse's essay on The Matchless Orinda' in his Seventeenth Century Studies.'

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EDWARD BENSLY.

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Brown

GREY IN SENSE OF BROWN.-This meaning is not clearly shewn in the N.E.D.,' but there is no doubt about it. 'Grey, Latin grisius, often means brown, as do its equivalents in French and German. paper is often called grey paper. The brown habit of the Grey Friars is described as russett " in 1406. Brown loaves are called panes grisei in 1437–8. Pain bis is the modern French term for brown bread. Pisae grisiae, c. 1450, were the produce of the common grey or field pea, Pisum arvense, and are distinctly brown when ripe. The N.E.D.' has several quotations for grey-eyed," which probably means, having eyes with brown irises. Eyes grey in the ordinary sense would scarcely be remarkable enough to deserve the epithet. J. T. F. Winterton, Lines.

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sentence certainly suggests that he had done so to one of them, and promptly had his head punched. For we may say of boys, as Dr. Kound said of the Irish, Aevum non animum mutant.'

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Apparently the gibe at an unlearned king was already proverbial, and its origin may be lost in antiquity. The author of the Chronica de Gestis Consulum Andegavorum attributed it to Fulk the Good, Count of Anjou. Fulk was & canon of St. Martin of Tours, and liked to take part in the services at the festival of the Saint. The King of France visiting Tours on such an occasion, his nobles jeered at the Count, and Louis himself followed their example :

Rex autem Franciae, cum aliis deludens, nobile opus viri derisit; quo audito, comes Andegavorum litteras hujusmodi formam habentes scripsit: “Regi Francorum comes Andegavorum. Noveritis, domine, quia illitteratus rex est asinus coronatus." ('Chro4iques des Comtes d'Anjou,' ed. Marchegay et Salmon, p. 71).

But probably we are concerned with one of those stories which are revived at intervals under various guises and attributed to any one to whom they may seem appropriate. Every reader must have has a hit at its occurrence in modern across instances of this practice, and Barrie journalism, in 'When a Man's Single.' G. H. WHITE.

23 Weighton Road, Anerley.

Queries.

come

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of ouly private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

"REX ILLITERATUS EST ASINUS CORONATUS. (See 12 S. vii. 519.)-From the review of Roger Bacon's edition of the 'Secretum Secretorum' it appears that NEW STYLE.-A contemporary ballad Bacon noted that Henry I. used to make('Political Ballads,' ii. 311) opens with this the above remark to his father and brothers. couplet :— No doubt he had in mind a passage in William of Malmesbury's 'De Gestis Regum Anglorum ':

·

"Itaque pueritiam ad spem regni litteris muniebat; subinde, patre quoque audiente, jactitare proverbium solitus, Rex illiteratus, asinus coronatus.' Ferunt quinetiam genitorem, non praetereunter notata morum ejus compositione quibus vivacem prudentiam aleret, ab uno fratrum laesum et lacrymautem, his animasse, Ne fleas, fili, quoniam et tu rex eris.' (ed. Stubbs, Rolls' Series, II.,

467-8).

Although William of Malmesbury does not say that Henry used to make this pointed remark to his brothers, the last

In seventeen hundred and fifty-three

The Style it was changed to Popery.

In fact the Style was changed as from Jan. 1, 1751 (Old Style), which, in accordance with 24 G. II. c. 23, became Jan. 1, 1752. Nicolas, however, like the couplet quoted above, gives Jan. 1, 1753 in two places as the commencement of New Style in England. I am puzzled to explain an apparent inaccuracy; though inasmuch as the New Style year, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1752, was incomplete by the elision of September 3-13 inclusive, in accordance with the Act of G. II., it can be stated with accuracy that

the first complete English New Style year
began on Jan. 1, 1753. Is there another
solution of the couplet (supported by
Nicolas), or does it perpetuate an
accuracy?
C. SANFORD TERRY.

Westerton of Pitfodels.

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he was a friend of Mr. Cole Hamilton, an Irish falconer, from whom he was in the habit of receiving Irish peregrines for grouse in-hawking. In a letter dated Oct. 20, 1862, Mr. Knox, whom I knew very well, informed me that he had twice seen a goshawk in the Forest of Mar. I now much regret that it did not occur to me at that time to ask him for the information which I now desire to obtain. J. E. HARTING.

SNUFF: "PRINCE'S MIXTURE."-When I was a lad a favourite kind of snuff in vogue was called Prince's Mixture "-& very aromatic snuff it was. Was it so designated on account of the maker or inventor; or was

it like a well-known sauce, made from the recipe of a certain royal personage addicted to snuffing"?

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M. L. R. BRESLAR.

Percy House, Well Street, S. Hackney, E.9. STREET COURT, KINGSLAND, HEREFORDSHIRE.—Among some family papers in my possession is a MS. note stating that an illustration of this house appears in some work of topography or on country seats. I shall be grateful if any reader can verify this and will kindly furnish me with the reference. V. B. CROWTHER-BEYNON. Westfield, Beckenham, Kent.

OLD CONTRIBUTION ΤΟ 'CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL.'-Perhaps forty years ago there appeared in Chambers's Journal an article or story-the title of which I cannot recall. The tale is of a man who in London comes across an office of a society founded about the time of the Lisbon earthquake (1755), for the relief of sufferers by that disaster. He finds that although the organization has long lost its usefulness, it still has some invested funds, the interest on which is entirely devoted to paying the salary of the Secretary," who thus holds a profitable sinecure.

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I shall be very glad if any reader can refer me, even to the year in which the story appeared.

New York.

BURDOCK.

DOUGLAS OF DORNOCK. (See 5 S. vii. 243). In Mr. C. T. Ramage's account of this family, now followed by Burke, Archibald Douglas of Dornock is given as having died s.p. about the middle of the last century.

In Burke's Peerage,' 1921, under Cloncurry, Valentine Browne, second Lord Cloncurry, is said to have married

"Secondly, June 30, 1811, Emily, third dau. of Archibald Douglas of Dornock (cousin to Charles, third Duke of Queensberry)."

COL. BONHAM (FALCONER).-In 'Gamebirds and Wildfowl,' 1850, one of the delightful books written by that good sportsman and naturalist the late Mr. A. E. Knox of Trotton, near Petersfield, mention is made of his friend Col. Bonham of the 10th Hussars who for some years rented Scardroy Lodge with about 30,000 acres in Ross-shire, near Strathconnan. This moor was rented not only for grouse-shooting but also for grouse-hawking, a sport to which the Colonel was especially addicted, and for which purpose peregrine falcons were trained and used by him in collabora tion with setters. Knox has indicated several localities in Ireland and Scotland from which these hawks were obtained, and also mentions the fact that Col. Bonham obtained a pair of goshawks (Astur palumbarius) which were bred on the Duke of Gordon's estate at Fochabers, on the Spey. As there are comparatively few instances on record of the nesting of the goshawk in the British Islands, it is regrettable, from the GLOBES. About what naturalist's point of view, that Knox has period did these come into use in schools and I came across not mentioned the year in which Col. elsewhere? a couple of Bonham's birds were taken at Fochabers. miniature ones, dated 1832, in a curiosity I should be very glad if any reader can shop a while ago, measuring one 4 and the supply the date, and at the same time other 2 inches in diameter. Though a furnish any particulars concerning the frequenter of such haunts I have never duration of the Colonel's tenancy of Scard-seen any others, nor can map-sellers give me roy, and give the date of his death. It may any information on the subject.

This lady was sister of the Rev. Archibald Douglas who married, as her third husband, Lady Susan Murray (Dunmore).

Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' give the exact relationship of the Archibald Douglas who is said to have died s.p. to the father of Lady Cloncurry? W. R. D. M.

TERRESTRIAL

M. B. H.

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