pressing westward from the dawn of history. Led by Layard, Schliemann, Evans, and a host of others, and chiefly inspired by de Vogué, Howard Crosby Butler became a crusader in this eastward tide of exploration. As a follower in his youthful Princeton days, and in the broad and deep discipline of his graduate years, he prepared himself. A short seven years after graduation, namely, in the year 1899, we find him in the deserts of north central Syria in full command-no longer a follower, but a leader, imaginative, determined, successful, soon becoming distinguished. No one of us who knew the gentle and almost too gentlemanly student of art and the classics under Marquand and Frothingham would have divined his latent powers to command Orientals, whether Arabs, Bedouins, or Turks. Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re, he was first trusted, then almost idolized, by his workmen.

It was the sterling integrity, as well as the consummate skill, of Butler's work in Syria (1899-1909) which led to the highest distinction ever offered to an American and Christian explorer by a Mohammedan government, namely, the unsolicited invitation to enter and

take command of the excavation of Sardis. The Turks knew they could trust Butler; they knew that he was absolutely honorable. The difficulties of Sardis exploration had seemed insurmountable to others; the great period of civilization and culture of Asia Minor, just older than the Syrian and extending back to the Lydian and beyond, was buried fathoms deep. These deeply buried ruins were to be entered under his brilliant leadership between 1910 and 1922. His was the secret of self-forgetfulness in a great cause. He never spoke to us of himself, always of the workmen, of the colleagues, of the students, of the most beloved Alma Mater. He was driven on, not by ambition, but by lovelove of his fellow-men, love of his profession, love of beauty and truth.

Butler's genial and idealistic view of life is reflected in the characters and personalities which he brought to life, and now that he has taken his place among the noble shades of the long period of 600 B. C. to 600 A. D., the artisans, the architects, the poets, the merchants, the rulers, the governors, even the shade of the supreme ruler, Croesus, will be grateful to him. We hear them murmuring:

"We have been charged with a mere love of gain and of the gold of Pactolus. You have shown the world that we loved beauty, that we kept our covenants, that we honored our deities." Still more will the shades of ancient Syria and the shades of honorable men and women of the early Christian Church, from its very beginnings beneath the shadows of the ruined pillars of Sardis to the glorious temples of Syria, honor and welcome him.

The span of Butler's life as an explorer was only twenty-two years; his name and his influence will endure as many centuries. So in our bereavement we are consoled by his immortality.

.. That which we are, we are:

One equal temper of heroic hearts,

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield.1

1 Alfred Tennyson. "Ulysses." Last four lines.

BIOGRAPHIES BY THE AUTHOR

1883-1924

FRANCIS MAITLAND BALFOUR, Embryologist. Science, vol. 2, no. 31, Sept. 7, 1883, pp. 299-301.

ARNOLD GUYOT, Geologist. The Princetonian, vol. 8, 1883-84, p. 308.

THOMAS H. HUXLEY, Biologist.

Memorial address before the Biological Section of New York Academy of Sciences, Nov. 11, 1895. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1895-96, Sig. dated Jan. 14, 15, 1896, pp. 40-50. Science, N. S., vol. 3, no. 57, Jan. 31, 1896, pp. 147-154. "A Student's Reminiscences of Huxley." Lectures, Marine Biol. Lab. of Wood's Hole. Ginn & Co., Boston, 1896, pp. 29-42.

Biol.

G. BROWN GOODE, Zoologist. "Goode as a Naturalist." Address at the G. Brown Goode Memorial Meeting, U. S. National Museum, February 13. Science, N. S., vol. 5, no. 114, March 5, 1897, pp. 373-378.

EDWARD DRINKER COPE, Paleontologist.

Memorial Biography. Science, N. S., vol. 5, no. 123, May 7, 1897, pp. 705-717.

"A Great Naturalist." The Century Magazine, vol. 55, no. 1, Nov. 1897, pp. 10-15.

"Life and Works of Cope." Introduction to Syllabus of Lectures on the Vertebrata by E. D. Cope. Univ. of Penn., 1898, pp. iii-xxxv.

"Work in the Mammals." Address in memory of E. D. Cope, delivered at the meeting in the hall of the American Philosophical Society held in Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge, Nov. 12,

1897. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Memorial Volume I, 1900, pp. 296-303.

HENRY FILHOL, Paleontologist. Science, N. S., vol. 15, no. 888, June 6, 1902, p. 912.

KARL ALFRED VON ZITTEL, Paleontologist. Science, N. S., vol. 19, no. 474, Jan. 29, 1904, pp. 186-188. JOHN BELL HATCHER, Paleontologist. "Explorations of John Bell Hatcher for the Paleontological Monographs of the U. S. Geological Survey, together with a statement of his contributions to American Geology and Paleontology." Monographs of the U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 49, "The Ceratopsia" by Hatcher, Marsh, Lull. Washington, 1907, pp. 17-26. MORRIS KETCHAM JESUP, Administrator.

Science, N. S., vol. 27, no. 684, Feb. 7, 1908, pp. 235236.

Address of Welcome at commemoration of the founding of the American Museum of Natural History. Unveiling of the statue of Morris K. Jesup. Amer. Mus. Journ., vol. 10, March, 1910, pp. 60-67. CHARLES DARWIN, Biologist.

"Remarks on Darwin.' The Evening Post, New York, Feb. 12, 1909, p. 3.

"Darwin Celebrations in the United States." Nature, vol. 80, No. 2055, March 18, 1909, pp. 72-73. "Life and Works of Darwin." Address delivered Feb. 12, 1909, at Columbia University on the hundredth anniversary of Darwin's birth, Feb. 12, 1809, as the first of a series of nine lectures on "Charles Darwin and His Influence on Science." Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 74, no. 4, April, 1909, pp. 313-343.

"Acceptance of the Portrait of Darwin." Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 19, no. 1, pt. 1, July 31, 1909, pp. 21-22. "The Darwin Centenary." Address in reply to the reception of delegates, Cambridge, England, June