too fine, and the fibres too few; the entire plant acquiring a delicate habit, and the produce, though fweet, will be fmall.' We venture, however, boldly to affert, from an experiment continued for upwards of twenty years, that no fuch effect neceffarily refults from employing tranfplanted turnips for feed; for we have found that the plants may be thus preferved without the fmallest diminution in the thickness of the neck, or fize of the bulb, or any other fenfible variation whatever in the qualities and habitudes of the plant. We, nevertheless, have not a doubt but the fact may happen as it is faid to take place in Norfolk; for if their turnip crop be of a mixed fort, which feems evidently to be the cafe, and if the farmer in picking out plants for feed, chufes a particular kind (the fmall necked kind, we fhall fuppofe) in preference to others, there can be no doubt but the fucceeding crops will approach more to the nature of that kind, than if they had been fuffered to run up altogether promifcuoufly to feed. Many obfervations occur on this fubject which we muft pafs over for want of room. Some other particulars of the fame nature might be picked out, with which a captious critic might be diffatisfied; but thefe are few, and of small importance. In fome particulars, the attentive ftudent of agriculture would with for farther elucidations than our Author has given; but what author can entirely adapt himself to the views of every clafs of readers? One very uncommon kind of manure is mentioned as of great value in this diftrict. In the neighbourhood of Yarmouth, we are told, ftraw for horfe-litter is fcarce, and neceffity has introduced a practice of supplying the defect by covering the floor of the ftables, &c. with fea fand, which is afterwards wheeled out to the dunghill, impregnated with the dung and urine of the beafts. This compoft, he says, forms a manure that is efteemed above all others, and is fo much coveted by the farmers, as to be bought by them, and carried to their grounds to a great diftance.—It would have been very defirable to know if there is any pecuJiarity in the nature of the fand of Yarmouth, which could account for its being poffeffed of any uncommon fertilizing power. Should it be of a calcareous nature, the effect would not be extremely furprising, but if be it mere cryftalline fand, we should fufpect that fome part of the value of this manure must be imaginary; for though fea falt doubtlefs improves the quality of dung, if mixed in a dunghill, the quantity here can at beft be fo inconfiderable, as not to be fufficient, we should think, to counterbalance the weight of the rubbish with which it is mixed. But though, among the multiplicity of objects that claimed the attention of Mr. Marshall, a few may not have obtained quite fo much of his notice as they feem to require; he has illuftrated many many particulars with a degree of minuteness and perfpicuity that is highly fatisfactory. Though no profeffed naturalist, his obfervations on the turnip caterpillar, and fly, are new, and highly important. Though no profeffed chemift, his analyses of the marles of Norfolk are accurate, and would do no difcredit to one eminently skilled in that science. Though no experienced manager of cows, his remarks on the dairy difcover a high degree of acutenefs and fagacity. Though not an adept in the management of meadow ground, his remarks on the meadows of Norfolk deferve much to be attended to by the farmers of that: diftrict. Though he is not as yet fully inftructed himself in the culture of timber trees, and the management of woods, his hints on that fubject deserve confideration, as they naturally lead to greater knowledge of the fubject. In fhort, to whatever particular, our Author's attention is called, his remarks discover an acuteness of mind and a found nefs of judgment, which in many cafes supplies the want even of experience itself, and points toward important conclufions. We could not read without emotion, his obfervations on the damage done to the crops in Nor folk, by the multitudes of game there preferved in kept covers, and the mischiefs, confidered in a moral and political light, that are thus occafioned in the community, by the increase of poachers that thefe neceffarily produce. The paffage is too long for us to extract, but our Readers, we prefume, will be furprised when they are told, that, from a calculation which we believe to be uft, he fuppofes there are deftroyed, annually, in the fingle county of Norfolk by pheasants, and hares, from kept covers, at least a thousand acres of wheat-one thousand acres of turnips -one thousand acres of barley, and one thousand acres of clover; the value of which he estimates at no less than TWENTYTHREE THOUSAND POUNDS, befides the diforders produced by driving many hundred perfons annually to deftruction, and reducing their families to mifery. What dreadful havock for the jadulgence of a mere childish gratification to a few wealthy individuals! After all, what is that gratification? for doubtless our Author's remark is well founded, That in point of real diverfion, kept covers are utter enemies. What hounds can hunt in a cover with a thousand hares in them? And the diversion of fhooting pheasants in a kept cover, is juft equivalent to that of hooting fmall birds in a rick yard, or poultry at a barn door." Men of fenfe laugh at the childishness of the favourite amusement of the present monarch of a great kingdom, who daily fboots with his own hand fome hundreds of chickens, kept on purpose in a poultry yard. Is not the fport of our great men almoft as childish, though not equally harmless ? We cannot take our leave of this work, without returning our thanks to the ingenious Author for the pleafure and inftruc tion it has afforded us ; and we fincerely with he may be enabled to profecute his plan with alacrity: for nothing, we think, could more tend to promote the improvement of agriculture. We have no reason to be partial to this Author, beyond others who daily pass under aur review, having no farther knowledge of him than his works afford; but it is our real opinion, that Bri- · tain poffeffes in him a jewel of great value, if she knows properly how to avail herfelf of it. A man of learning, activity, caution; acuteness, folidity of judgment, and unabating ardour in the pursuit and improvement of agriculture, is a phenomenon that may require many ages to produce. To a man of genius, the walk of agriculture is by no means the moft inviting; because his task is not to invent, but to ponder, to fift, and inveftigate particulars, which though important to the profperity of individuals, are by no means productive of eclat to the inveftigator. The talk is laborious, the progrefs neceffarily flow, the emoluments-we are afraid to speak on that head-and the honour, unless it be from the difcerning few, very inconfiderable. When, therefore, we meet with one who is evidently in every refpec qualified for the undertaking, willingly offering his fervices in that line, we bend with reverence before him, and wish it were in our power to contribute effectually to the prosecution of the plans he may form for the public weal. When Mr. Marshall firft entered on his agricultural career, we admired the excentric boldness of his undertaking, and felt for the disappointments we faw he muft encounter. With a spirit and intrepid perfeverance that do him the highest honour, he met thefe difficulties, but did not fuccumb. Experience, inftead of difgufting, only checked the ungovernable ardour of enterprize. The additional knowledge he has now acquired, has produced its ufual effect. That petulant forwardness which was at firft difgufting, is entirely done away; we now behold only the candid enquirer after truth, and the judicious obferver of men and things and though our Author is as yet evidently a ftranger to many important particulars in the practice of agriculture, yet fhould he be permitted to go on in his career, the improvement he will daily make, muft in time enable him to lay before the Public a body of agricultural knowledge which never yet was equalled in any age or country. Under this conviction of mind, we cannot but most heartily with him all poffible fuccefs. Though our Author has now, in a great measure, laid afide his fondness for new coined words, we ftill meet with a few, fuch as rootling, feed process, &c. By mifprinting, perhaps, we find luxurious, inftead of luxuriant; and once or twice, laying and laid, for lying and lay. We with him to avoid fuch blemishes in future. We obferve that the word flot, which, in the Scottish dialect, means a young caftrated male of the cattle tribe, is invariably> printed printed Scot; a Highland Scot, Galloway Scot, Ifle of Skye Scot, &c. It is eafy to fee, that Englishmen, not knowing the meaning of the word ftot, and thinking they perceived a certain meaning, by converting it into Scot, have been induced to adopt that faulty phrafe; and having once adopted it, they will gradually apply it to females (heifers) as well as males, which is never, to our certain knowledge, done by the Scotch drovers. It is thus that languages are corrupted, and rendered obfcure. ART. II. The Modern Part of Univerfal Hiftory, from the earliest Accounts to the prefent Time: compiled from original Authors. By the Authors of the Ancient Part. 38 Vols. 8vo. With a Supplement in 4 Vols. 8vo; and the Plates and Maps, 1 Volume Folio. Payne, &c. For the Price, fee our Account of the Ancient Part, in our laft Month's Review. S this part of the Univerfal History has been amply defcribed by us, when it firft appeared, we think it unneceffary to trouble our Readers with any farther account of its contents, or the plan on which it is executed it may be suf-, ficient, for the prefent, to examine into the merits of this new edition, and to point out the alterations that have been made in it. We are told, that the whole work has undergone a laborious and attentive examination; that the plan has been methodized; that fuperfluities have been retrenched; that parts which had been left imperfect, are rendered complete; and that inaccuracies are corrected on the whole, that the work has now acquired fuch extent, in point of fubject, and fuch effential improvements in regard to execution, as will not only obtain the approbation, but fecure the encouragement of the Public, to an undertaking which has been accompanied with almoft unprecedented expence.' The former edition confifted of 44 volumes; this is comprized in 38; befide 4, which are called the Supplement, containing an abridgment of the hiftories of England, Scotland, and Ireland, compiled from the moft approved authorities.' From the confiderable reduction of bulk, which the work has fuffered, it appears that many circumftances are omitted which were in the original publication; and although the editors profess to have made feveral additions, it does not feem that much room has been left for them. We could have wifhed, however, that, in making their retrenchments, the Editors had not expunged fo many paffages which we highly commended in our former account, and which, befides affording the intelligent reader much pleafure, were of great confequence to the learned and more cu See Review, vol. xxiii. xxv. xxvi. &c. to xxxviii. where this work was noticed, with peculiar attention, as it was published. 9 rious rious enquirer. For inftance; the difquifition into the origin of the Chinese, we are forry to find is fo much abridged, that it becomes very imperfect and obfcure. The opinion that Noah and Fobi, the fuppofed founder of that empire, were the fame perfon, was ftrenuoufly and ably supported; the arguments for it were ingenious, and the reafoning, ufed to eftablish it, was cogent. On thefe accounts, we approved of this part of the work, and lamented that our limits would not fuffer us to lay it before our Readers, fince the force of the arguments would have fuffered by an abftract. There may, indeed, be many excufes made for this omiffion; fuch as, that it is not fufficiently fupported by written authorities or records; that it is uninterefting to the generality of readers, for whom this publication was principally intended, &c. Yet in the perufal of a work of this kind, where there muft unavoidably be a great fameness, and tedious uniformity, any ingenious enquiry that may either exercise the capacity of the reader, or afford him room to admire the learning of the writer, diverfifies the scene, and refreshes the wearied attention. The omiffion of thefe more curious and philofophical parts of the present performance, is the more regretted when we are detained, for feveral volumes together, with numerous and minute descriptions of the inhuman rites and favage cuftoms of the barbarous nations that inhabit the greateft part of Africa. And what is worse, the fame favage nation is defcribed in different places; the Giagas, for inftance, whofe horrid manners are in the higheft degree fhocking to humanity, are repeatedly introduced, together with all their abominable rites and ceremonies, the bare recital of which is enough to make even cruelty itself fhudder. The language in the former edition was by no means fuch as the importance of the work demanded: it was unequal, owing to the variety of authors concerned in the compilation, and in many places, as we formerly obferved, jejune, puerile, and, fometimes, not ftrictly grammatical. In its prefent form, it is greatly altered in these refpects; the faults which we then pointed out have been duly attended to, and the inaccuracies we mentioned are rectified; the who and the which are not confounded, nor have we any account of the Chineses or Japaneses: yet we often meet with inelegancies, to call them no worse, as, the king returned without having ftruck a stroke, or done any harm to any the carpenters fhops confift in a mis-fhapen axe, &c. + both her's and his relations ‡,' with others of a fimilar kind, in abundance. What fhall we fay of the title of Vol. xiii. p. 73. † xiii. p. 8o. + xiii. p. 85. the |