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12 of which were owing to small-pox, three to measles, and one each to malnutrition, gastric fever, scarlatina, croup, typhus fever, diarrhoea, and diphtheria. During the corresponding period last year zymotic diseases caused 13 deaths, four of which were owing to whooping cough, three to scarlatina, two to fever, and one each to typhus fever, diphtheria, syphilis, and delirium tremens.

Parliamentary Proceedings.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
(Thursday, May 3.)

CLOSING OF OVERCROWDED CHURCH

YARDS.

SIR H. SELWIN-IBBETSON informed Mr. Greene that there were no actual difficulties in the way of recommending the present enclosure of burial grounds. But from the fact that the Home Office was not in connection with the office which looked after the sanitary arrangements of the country, there were some difficulties in the way in the transfer of authority to the Local Government Board. The practice was for a complaint to be made, for an inquiry to be made into that complaint, and for an order being made in Council following on that inquiry for closing the churchyard.

(Friday, May 4.)

IMPORTATION OF AMERICAN MEAT.
IN reply to Captain Nolan,

Sir C. Adderley said: The rate of freight for conveyance of fresh meat to Great Britain from America is stated in the return named at 27s. 6d. to 30s. per ton measurement of the space occupied by refrigerators, together with 5 per cent. primage, equivalent to d. per lb. of meat. I am informed this does not include the cost of ice furnished by the shippers. I have no means of stating what this additional cost may be.

Law Reports.

FEVER DEN IN BERMONDSEY.

J. KENEALY, the occupier of a ruinous tenement, 64, Salisbury Street, Bermondsey, was summoned by the sanitary inspector of Bermondsey, to show cause why the house should not be closed owing to its filthy and dilapidated condition and being totally unfit for human habitation. The sanitary inspector said that he visited the house a few weeks ago and found it not only overcrowded but not fit for habitation. There were only two rooms. The roof was nearly all gone, as well as the floor; in fact there was nothing but the bare earth, which was covered with filth. He served the usual notice on the defendant, who received rent from the occupier of the other room. On Monday he again visited the house and found no one there but the defendant and his wife, and they refused to leave, although the stench from the filth in the yard was unbearable. Partridge asked who was the owner. Witness replied that there was no owner. The defendant had lived there for more than two years without paying rent. The medical officer said that in the middle of last month he visited the house and found a family of eight persons in one room. The sick ones were removed, but the others shortly afterwards left the house. He had since visited it and had no hesitation in saying that it was unfit for habitation. If not closed as soon as possible it would most likely spread disease in that thickly populated neighbourhood. Mr. Partridge made the order for the house to be closed in seven days.

Mr.

A CISTERN DIFFICULTY.

AT a late meeting of the Camberwell Vestry, the Sewers Committee reported that summonses were taken out at the Lambeth Police Court, by order of the vestry, against Mr. J. H. Clark for neglecting to lay on water to the closets of some houses in Peckham, which summonses were heard before Mr. Chance, who having heard evidence from two surveyors on behalf of the defendant, that in their opinion the places would not sustain the weight of cisterns, dismissed the summonses on the ground that they came within the provisions of the 81st section of the Act, which gave him the discretion to determine whether the laying on of water from a cistern would disturb a building or not. It was agreed that the clerk should get a case for the opinion of the Court of Queen's Bench.

BREAD CRUMBS IN SAUSAGES!

AT the Coleshill Petty Sessions, R. Oreton, sausage manufacturer, was charged with selling sausages adulterated with a large percentage of bread;' the analyst asserting, 'This is a fraud, as bread is less valuable than pork, and moreover it contains a large quantity of water to be absorbed.' Mr. East, defended the maker, and objected to the analyst's certificate, neither the percentage of bread nor of the foreign ingredients being stated as required by the Act. Mr. East also submitted that the adulteration of

sausage by bread was not adulteration at all. Sausage ought never to be made without bread. Take, he said, the cookery books, and in the recipes contained therein for making sausages, it was said that a quarter should be bread. This prevented it breaking in cooking. It would be monstrous that a maker of plum-puddings should be fined because the pudding was not all plums. They always put a small quantity of bread into sausages, and it was an essential element of sausages and a custom of the country to suit the people. The magistrates dismissed the case.

LIGHT AND AIR.

THE case of Harrow v. Agnew, was an application before V.-C. Hall, for an injunction to restrain Agnew and Sons from continuing the buildings behind, and to the west of New Bond Street, which they are now erecting for a new picture gallery. The motion was made on behalf of Mr. Harrow, a portmanteau maker, the owner of premises in Albemarle Street, at the back of the proposed gallery, and who claimed that the light and air to the back windows of his house would be interfered with, and that the defendants might not be allowed to interfere with such light and air to any greater extent than was done by the buildings which previously stood there. The defendants made several offers to submit the question to arbitration, but Harrow declined to accept these offers, and held to his rights. Messrs. Agnew, on the other hand, expressed their determination to carry out their buildings according to their original plans, although their doing so might slightly diminish the plaintiff's light, and might leave an angle of less than 45 degrees between the roof of such buildings and the sill of the window of the room on the second floor, about which the chief complaint of diminution of light was made. Their contention was, that such diminution of light was really inappreciable, and that the court would not grant the injunction asked for unless substantial damage was shown. The Vice-Chancellor considered that the evidence which had been given was sufficient to prove that some injury to the plaintiff had been done; and certainly that such an interference was contemplated as would entitle him to an injunction. He therefore granted an injunction to restrain the defendants from raising the walls of the proposed buildings to a greater height than they had been raised on the 3rd inst., so as to interfere with the access of light to the plaintiff's buildings to a greater extent than such access was interfered with by the buildings which stood upon the ground previously to the 1st of August last.

TRADE REFUSE.

THE Common Pleas Division has had before it the case of Gay v. Cadley. The plaintiff was scavenger, appointed by the vestry of Hammersmith to remove refuse; and the respondent was a pianoforte manufacturer. The respondent had at his works a 25-horse power engine, which consumed about one ton of coal per day, and the question was whether the appellant was, under the Metropolis Local Management Act, bound to remove the ashes which came from the engine furnace without being paid to do so, his contention being that he was not so bound, because the statute provided that he should not have to remove the refuse of any trade, manufacture, or business' without being paid for so doing. Mr. Bridge, the police magistrate, held at Hammersmith Court that the ashes were not the refuse of any trade, manufacture, or business; but as the opinions of the metropolitan magistrates were not uniform upon this question, and as the matter was of considerable importance, he granted a case for the opinion of a superior court. Mr. Justice Grove was of opinion that the appellant was entitled to the judgment of the court. It was not perhaps to be wondered at that there should have been a difference of opinion; but he thought that these ashes came within the 128th section of the Act, as being not the ordinary refuse of the house, apart from the trade or manufacture. He thought that where coals were used exclusively for manufacture, so as to produce a product, or a power of manufacture, the ashes of the coals so used were fairly and reasonably that refuse of a trade, manufacture, or business' which the scavenger could not be called upon to remove without payment.

ARTIFICIAL COLOURING OF PEAS.

MR. F. H. NEWENS, a confectioner, High Street, Wandsworth, was charged with selling a tin of preserved peas mixed with copper, injurious to health. The certificate of Dr. Muter, the analyst, showed that the peas contained 1 1-3 grains of sulphate of copper, injurious to health. The defendant said he had eaten the peas and believed they were not injurious to health. He called C. Chauffourier, who sold him the peas, and he said he was agent to the manufacturer in France, and received from him 50,000 tins per annum. Mr. Paget inquired of him how many ounces of copper there were in them. The witness said innumerable ounces. The clerk to the Wandsworth Board, said he understood the peas were not allowed to be sold in France, but were sent to England. Mr. Paget declined to look at the report of an analyst produced by the witness, and said all the latter had proved was that he had been poisoning on a large scale. He fined the defendant 2s. 6d. and 12s. 6d. costs.

Leach Brothers, grocers, of High Street, Wandsworth, were summoned for a similar offence. In this case the tin bore a different brand, and contained 1 grains of copper. Mr. Leach grounded his defence upon a warranty which he received, and on taking every reasonable precaution to supply a genuine article. Mr. Paget dismissed the summons. Mr. Leach said on receipt of the summons he discontinued selling the peas.

W. James, a greengrocer, of Bedford Row, Streatham, was fined 2s. 6d. and 12s. 6d. costs for a similar offence.

Henry Osborne, of Park Road, Clapham, was also fined 2s. 6d., and 12s. 6d. costs. Mr. Paget said of course it was understood that in each case the defendant

would discontinue selling preserved peas, the object of the proceedings being to stop the sale. He suggested to Mr. Corsellis that he should have the convictions made public.

ACTION BY RETAILER OF MILK AGAINST A WHOLESALE DEALER.

THE case of Hayes v. Payne, has been tried at the Bristol assizes. This was an action arising on the sale of milk. The plaintiff is a milk retailer at Clifton, and he also sold butter and other dairy produce. In March, 1876,

he entered into a contract with the defendant by which he was to supply the plaintiff with milk of the best quality at 11d. per gallon up to the end of September, and after that date at Is. per gallon. Milk was accordingly supplied to the plaintiff, who received from his customers complaints of the quality, and in order to secure its not being tampered with on the way a padlock was affixed to the cannister, the plaintiff and defendant each having a key. On September 27, the milk arrived as usual, and was taken round by the plaintiff's servants. One of them was stopped by the inspector of the sanitary authorities, who bought a sample for analysis. When the boy got back to the plaintiff's premises he reported what had occurred, but it was then too late to take another sample for comparison, as the milk was all gone. However, on September 29, the plaintiff took three samples of the milk that came in that day in the presence, as he alleged, of the carmen who brought it from the defendant, and one of these samples he sent back to the defendant. This sample was adulterated with 20 per cent. of water. The sample taken by the inspector was also analysed, and being found to be adulterated, the plaintiff was summoned. He offered to show that the milk was distributed just as he received it, but was told that as vendor he was responsible for the quality, and he was convicted, and fined 17. and costs. In consequence of this his business had largely fallen off, and he was compelled to bring this action to clear himself from imputation of dishonesty. For the defence it was not disputed, after the evidence of the city analyst, that the milk was adulterated, but the defendant and his men were called to prove that the adulteration had not been made when the milk left the farm. At the end of the case it was admitted by the learned counsel for the defendant that he could not on the evidence contend that the adulteration was the plaintiff's doing, and that he could not deny the liability of the defendant for the acts of his servants. A verdict for the plaintiff for 10 guineas was taken.

INGLIS v. THE VESTRY OF CAMBERWELL.

VICE-CHANCELLOR MALINS has had before him the case of an action for an injunction to restrain the defendants from taking down, demolishing, defacing, and injuring two houses, or any part of them, known as Rosslyn Villas, Clifton Crescent, Peckham, and from committing any damage or waste in or to the houses and premises. The defendants resisted the action, mainly on the ground that this Court had no jurisdiction. The ViceChancellor said that although the matters in dispute were small, they were important in other respects as regarded the public. There was a piece of vacant ground on which the plaintiff and others were desirous of building houses. A line of frontage was laid down by the proper officer, under the Board of Works. The place in question was a cul-de-sac. At the end were the two houses, which it was admitted, lay beyond the line laid down. Dispute arose between the plaintiff and the parish authorities. The latter, finding that he would not keep his buildings within the line, applied to the Lambeth magistrate for an order. The houses had then been built in advance of the other houses in the same row, and protruded so far as even three or four feet over the line. Not only were the fronts projected, but the plaintiff had also built porticoes. It was plain that the plaintiff had gone beyond his rights. The magistrate's order made in January 1875, after reciting that the plaintiff had then erected his houses beyond the line fixed by the officer, adjudged him, 'within five months to demolish so much of the said buildings as was beyond the line' marked for him. The meaning of that order was to reduce the frontage of the plaintiff's houses to a level with the line, and which had been duly observed by the architects of the other houses. The plaintiff appealed, not to the High Court, but to the Metropolitan Board of Works, which had no jurisdiction to entertain his appeal, and it failed. The magistrate's order, therefore, then remained

in force. In that state of things the defendants might have pulled down the front of the house. But they did not do that; they asked him to comply with the order, and said they would be satisfied if he pulled down his porticoes. He refused; and in August, 1875; the defendants sent men, who did pull down the porticoes. The question was now, could this Court interfere? Here was a magistrate's order, which should have been properly appealed from. It had not been, and was still in force. When the plaintiff found that his porticoes had been pulled down, he should not have reconstructed them. They were not pulled down without authority. The authority was not an illegal one, and he had not brought any action to question it. He had, in fact, acquiesced in it. Was the magistrate's order wrong? Certainly not. The plaintiff had clearly transgressed it. He had put his buildings beyond the line. This Court could not discharge the order. It had no jurisdiction whatever to do so. While it stood -and it still subsisted-it must be obeyed. The plaintiff had failed in establishing his right to the relief he sought in this action, and it must be dismissed with costs.

LIABILITY FOR UNTENANTABLE HOUSES.

THE Exchequer Division has had before it the case of Wilson v. Finch-Hatton, one of general interest to persons who take houses for short periods. The action was brought against the Hon. Murray Finch-Hatton, as representing his mother the Dowager Countess of Winchilsea, to recover 472. 1os., being the agreed rent for three months, from May 7, 1875, of a furnished house, No. 43, Wilton Crescent. At the trial in March 1876, the judge left the question to the jury whether the house was in a habitable condition, by reason of the drains being out of order on May 7, when her ladyship came to the house, desiring to take possession? The jury found that it was not; thereupon, his lordship directed a verdict for the defendant, but reserved leave to the plaintiffs to move. The case was argued on May 10, last year, before Barons Bramwell and Cleasby, but a rehearing was ordered before three judges. It appeared that on looking at the house the drains in the lower part of the kitchen were in a shocking state; the drain was an old brick one of forty years standing, there was a deposit of foul matter 2 in. deep, and there was a cesspool close by, which was full of filth and alive with vermin, not having been cleared for ten years, and there was no trap. On these facts being ascertained by the lessor, repairs were done which lasted some 19 days; so that the countess could have commenced her tenancy on the 26th. But Lady Winchilsea declined to complete the bargain, and this action was brought. Mr. J. Brown argued that there was no implied warranty that the drains should be in a perfect sanitary condition. As the house was not the less habitable, the maxim Caveat emptor applied; and there was a broad distinction between cases where a man inspects the thing bargained for or hired, and the cases where he buys it on the seller's warranty. In a furnished or any other house the hirer could judge if the place was fit. The evidence went to show that more than half the houses in Wilton Crescent were in the same condition. More than half the houses in London said the learned counsel, nay, in England, 50 years ago, smelt a great deal worse than this house; and half the common people in this country live in houses which smelt quite as bad, and would say that this was a great deal too good for them. A vast number of cases were cited, most of them relating in some way to real property. Smith v. Marrable, the case of a house infested by bugs, was commented on; and Mr. Brown endeavoured to distinguish it from the present by saying Baron Parke overruled his own judgment therein a year afterwards, and the objection there lay to the furniture and not to the premises themselves as here. Lastly, there was at best only a covenant to repair and keep in good order, which the plaintiff had kept, and there could be no condition precedent warranting the defendant in rescinding the contract. The Court delivered an unanimous judgment in favour of

the defendant. Their Lordships held that there was a condition precedent implied that a house so let for immediate occupation should be reasonably fit for such occupation. This condition had wholly failed, and the defendant, had he entered, would not really have got what he had bargained for, and what was clearly the intention of the parties should be given and paid for. The cases of real property did not apply, as no estate was created from which rent could be said to issue. The sum agreed to be paid here was for the accommodation for the three months. Smith v. Marrable had been somewhat hardly treated, having been often questioned and commented on, but never overruled by a single judge. Lord Abinger's judgment still remained untouched and fortified by his subsequent decisions. Lord Wensleydale had retracted his judgment, because he felt it was wrongly founded and would tend to subvert the principles of real property. It was said that this was not a condition precedent, but merely a breach of covenant not going to the whole consideration, and that it was her ladyship's duty to go to an hotel and incur expense till the house was ready to receive her, and then bring an action for these damages. This view was erroneous, and involved in the first question-namely, that the contract was for use and occupation of a reasonably comfortable house. In these circumstances the ruling of the late learned judge at the trial was correct, the defendant was not compellable to enter, and the judgment would be for the defendant, with costs.

Reviews.

Forms of Bills by Dr. Angus Mackintosh for the Protection of Public Health. J. BARKER, Chesterfield.

A Placard issued in Macclesfield by Dr. Bland as to the Prevention of Infectious Diseases.

DR. ANGUS MACKINTOSH'S forms on the subject of water-supply, prevention of fever, scarlet-fever, and smallpox will be found useful by those who desire to have such notices in one collection. The sanitary precautions published in the Times and SANITARY RECORD in 1875 are also useful, as they give, under the headings 'atmosphere,' 'water-supply, house accommodation,' pigsties,' Suggestions as to the selections of sites for burial-grounds etc., information as to the requirements necessary for health. are also inserted in the pamphlet. Dr. Bland's poster contains nothing new, but is concise.

96

The Law relating to the Pollution and Obstruction of WaterCourses. By C. HIGGINS, Barrister-at-Law. Stephens and Haynes.

It is not often that lawyers are fortunate enough to have provided for their use books on technical branches of law, written by authors who are not only lawyers, but at the same time experts in the matters of which they treat. The present work, being by a gentleman who is an exdemonstrator of chemistry at King's College, furnishes a good illustration of the advantages of having to rely upon an author who is qualified by training to write in two capacities, and his book will be certain to become the standard text-book on the law respecting the pollution of running streams. Mr. Higgins divides his treatise into two parts.

Part I. is headed The Rivers Pollution Act,

1876,' and the respective chapters deal with the following

matters :-" "What constitutes an offence under the Act,' 'Solid Matter,' 'Sewage Pollutions,' 'Manufacturing Pollutions,' 'Mining Pollutions,' 'The Institution of Proceedings,' and 'Facilities for Factories draining into Sewers.' Part II. is headed Riparian Rights and their Protection.' The chapters treat of 'Riparian Rights arising ex-jure naturæ, 'Riparian Rights arising by way of Easements and by Custom,'The Protection of Riparian Rights by Injunction,' and Actions for Damages for Infringements of Riparian Rights.' An appendix contains some statutory provisions

relating to water-courses and the vesting of sewers, etc. Our readers will not wish us to comment at any length on Mr. Higgins's book for the simple reason that naturally it owes its immediate origin to the Rivers Pollution Act, the features of which we discussed in several articles at the time when the Act was before Parliament as a bill. We will, therefore, only state that Mr. Higgins has woven together the material supplied by the statutes and cases with great skill and care, and his book is calculated to be very useful to all parties concerned in questions involving the pollution of streams. The chapters in which he brings to bear on the prohibitions provided by law, his chemical knowledge and experience constitute an important feature of the book. He might even have gone more fully into this branch of the subject without running any risk of laying himself open to the charge of obtruding too much technical matter.

Correspondence.

All communications must bear the signature of the writer, not necessarily for publication.

HOUSE DRAINAGE.

(To the Editor of the SANITARY RECORD.) SIR,-Having just come across a novel kind of trap, and doubtless what its inventor, an architect by the way, considers an improvement in drainage arrangements, I take the liberty of forwarding you a sketch of same, by way of giving a lesson to the public.

As will be seen, it is a pit cesspool. The size of the cesspool is 3 ft. long, 2 ft. 6 in. broad, and 3 ft. deep.

Unfortunately, however, this conception is very far from being realised.

In the first place, owing to the circumstance that narrow passages offer more resistance to the flow of air than wide passages offer, the thermometer would be encircled with air which had traversed channels rather than capillary spaces; and, in the second place, owing to the uneven distribution of moisture and to pressure, the horsehair would be, in many places, matted together, and in that manner the contagium would be much more effectually protected than if it were in the centre of isolated hairs.

From the language used by Dr. Kansom it might pos-. sibly be imagined that the question between us is, whether the temperature to which the bedding was raised wassay, 249° or 250° Fahr. My contention is, on the contrary, that the evidence adduced by Dr. Ransom does not prove that considerable portions of the bedding had been raised more than a few degrees above the common temperature of the atmosphere outside of the chamber. J. ALFRED WANKLYN.

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The tongue dips into the water about 1 ft. 3in. The bottom is formed of a stone slab, and upon these the walls are raised, brick on bed, the whole being closed at top with another stone. The inlet pipe being the lower of the two, the foul water will lie a considerable distance along the drain on the house side, unless prevented by leaking joints. All this was to prevent the bad smell!

Further comment is unnecessary, more especially as I expect the foolish affair will be done away with by the time this is in type. W. P. BUCHAN.

Glasgow, April 14, 1877.

THE CONSERVATION OF DISEASE.

(To the Editor of the SANITARY RECORD.) SIR,-From Dr. Ransom's letter it would appear that he now perceives that the temperature registered by the thermometer in his experiments was not the temperature of the substance of the horsehair, but the temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the bulb of the instrument; and his conception of the condition of things seems to be that the contagium was sitting on the surface of the individual horsehairs, and that the heated air encircled each individual horsehair, and therefore came into direct relation with all the particles of contagium.

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sirable luxury in the sick room. It is manufactured by the Invalid Patent Bed Company, Limited, Angler's Lane, Kentish Town, N. W.

THE CABINET TURKISH BATH.

ON March 25, 1876, we mentioned an instance of how gas was made use of in preparing a portable Turkish bath, and we have now the pleasure of calling the attention of our readers to a bath of this description, which can be prepared by the simple aid of a Duplex heating lampspecially adapted for the purpose. This bath is also portable and is indeed an agreeable piece of household furniture when not in use, and, when in use, it not only takes up little room, but is made with an adjustable seat, and foot rest, so that the bath can be adapted to persons of any age. For the rest it is mounted on castors, is easily moved about, and is an excellent and useful adjunct to the bathroom, dressing-room, or even bedroom.

In making use of these portable Turkish baths it is necessary to keep the head outside, by which course of procedure the heat or vapour is distributed without the slightest inconvenience to respiration, and the peculiar stifling feeling and headache produced by the ordinary close-room Turkish bath is avoided. We do not require

APPOINTMENTS OF HEALTH OFFICERS, INSPECTORS OF NUISANCES, ETC.

DOWELL, Mr. Thomas, has been appointed Collector to the Stroud Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Webb, deceased. HABBISHAW, Atkinson, Esq., has been appointed Treasurer to the Newcastle-under-Lyme Guardians and Rural Sanitary Authority, vice Gemmell, resigned.

HANNAN, Francis J., M.D., has been appointed medical officer of health for the No. 2 Sub-District of the Alderbury Rural Sanitary District, Wilts. HOLMES, Mr. Joseph, has been appointed Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances to the Selby Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, vice Broughton, appointed Surveyor to the Corporation and Urban Sanitary Authority of Warwick.

DE NORMANVILLE, W., C.É., has been appointed Surveyor to the Corporation and Urban Sanitary Authority of Durham, vice Brunton, resigned.

SWORN, Mr. Robert, has been elected a Member of the Board of the Bournemouth Improvement Commissioners, vice Tuck, resigned.

YOUNG, Mr. John Gudgeon, has been appointed Clerk to the Newbold and Dunston Local Board and Urban Sanitary Authority, Derbyshire, vice Williams, resigned.

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Nuisances: 150l. per ann.

Inspector of

FEATHERSTONE LOCAL BOARD AND URBAN SANITARY AUTHORITY,
Yorkshire. Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances: 120/. per
ann. Application, 16th instant, to Isaac Kabery, Clerk, Ponte-
fract.
HEBDEN-BRIDGE URBAN SANITARY DISTRICT, AND TODMORDEN
RURAL SANITARY DISTRICT. Medical Officer of Health.
Inspector of Nuisances. Application 17th instant, to J. E. Craven,
Clerk to the Hebden Bridge Urban Sanitary Authority.
HOVE, Sussex. Town Clerk; 300l. to 500l. per ann. Application,
16th instant, to Charles A. Woolley, Town Clerk.
LEWISHAM BOARD OF WORKS. Assistant Surveyor: salary not
exceeding 250l. per annum. Application, 12th instant, to Samuel
Edwards, Clerk, Catford.

WESTHAMPNETT RURAL SANITARY DISTRICT, Sussex. Medical
Officer of Health: 100/. for one year. Application, 11th instant,
to R. G. Raper, Clerk to the Authority, Chichester.
WOODSTOCK RURAL SANITARY DISTRICT, Oxfordshire. Inspector

of Nuisances: 80l. per ann. Application, 12th instant, to
R. B. B. Hawkins, Clerk to the Authority.

A

in these days to point out the many advantages of vapour baths, or how useful they are in eliminating effete matter from the system without in the least debilitating it. bath of this description, for a moderate length of time, and a shower or spray bath afterwards, constitutes in the opinion of nearly all medical men, one of the most exhilarating and bracing habits of life, and this combination is as great a luxury as it is a source of health.

To those who desire to see this, the latest contribution to sanitary practice in mansions, hotels, schools, or even vessels at sea, we advise a visit to the patentees Messrs. Ellis and Co. Hart Street, Bloomsbury, London.

SANITARY PATENTS.

835. Improvements in the treatment of sewage and other polluted waters and their deposits, and apparatus therefor. Gustave Alsing, Bradford, Yorkshire.

1022. An improved liquid composition to be used for embalming, deodorising, and disinfecting, purposes. George Gould, Linfield, Sussex.-A communication from John Welsford Drake, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

ABSTRACT OF SPECIFICATION. 2629. Infants' feeding bottles. E. Collins.

This invention consists of the improvements in manufacturing infants' feeding bottles hereinafter described, and which are made more economically and durable than hitherto. The inventor thus describes his invention: In shape it is conical, and made of tin or other metal, tin preferred; at its upper part or aperture is screwed a ring, and this is screwed either interiorly or exteriorly, and upon or into this is fed a metallic stopper, the india-rubber tube that is ordinarily used passing through the centre, or he may employ a stopper made of wood or cork at its base, with an india-rubber washer upon the check or seat, for additional security; in this case the screw may be dispensed with. By these means he constructs a feeding bottle that is durable, light, economical, and from its shape readily cleansed.

NOTICE.

THE SANITARY RECORD will in future be published every Friday morning, and may be ordered direct from the Publishers. Annual Subscription, 175. 4d.; free by post, 19s. 6d. Reading Covers to hold 12 numbers of THE SANITARY RECORD have been prepared, and may be had direct from the Publishers or through any Bookseller, price 35.

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