All industries

2, 638 $648, 411, 083 $689,062,576 +$40, 651, 493 + 6.3

The above table shows the total value of stock or material used by the "twenty-five selected industries," comprehending 1,325 establishments to have been $386,051,939 in 1913, and $369,152,021 in 1912. The increase in 1913 is therefore $16,899,918, or 4.6 per cent; for "other industries," which include 1,312 establishments, the value of material used in 1913 was $303,010,637, against $279,259,062 in 1912. The increase in this group of establishments, which includes practically one-half of the total number considered, is $23,751,575, or 8.5 per cent. "All industries," that is to say, the entire 2,638 establishments reporting, show for 1913, expenditures on account of material used amounting to $689,062,576 against a total for 1912 of $648,411,083. The total increase for 1913 is therefore, $40.651,493, or 6.3 per cent. This increase is less than one-half that shown in 1912, compared with 1911.

Of the twenty-five selected industries, nine show decreases in the cost value of material used ranging from 0.8 per cent. in "brick and terra cotta," to 20 per cent. in "glass-window and

bottle," and sixteen show increases ranging from 0.5 per cent. in "artisans' tools" upward to 41.6 per cent. in "lamps-electric and other."

The expenditures of each of the twenty-five selected industries are all large and some among them are particularly so. The principal industry in this respect is "oil refining," which reports $100,543,184 as its bill for stock or material used during the year. Other industries showing large expenditures on account of stock or material used are: "Drawn wire and wire cloth," $35,051,732; “Silk-broad and ribbon," $30,252,990; “Chemical products," $25,488,258; "Rubber products," $25,308,839; "Leather-tanned and finished," $24,272,658; and "Woolen and worsted goods," $22,825,802.

The average value of stock or material used per establishment by the "twenty-five selected industries" is $291,360; by "other industries," $230,778; and by "all industries,” $261,206.

The selling value of all goods made or work done is shown on this table (No. 3) for each of the eighty-nine general industries separately and also for all industries combined. The following table gives the selling value of products for each of the "twentyfive selected industries," together with the totals for "other industries" and for "all industries." The totals for 1913 are placed in comparison with those of 1912, and such increases or decreases as have occurred during 1913 are presented numerically and by percentages.

composed of establishments that could not, by reason of dissimilarity in the character of products, be placed under any one of the specified industry groups. Separate headings could not be used for tabulating the data reported by these establishments for the reason that not more than two of them were engaged in the same industry, and the rule never departed from, is not to allow less than three to appear at any time under any one distinctive heading. This rule was adopted by the Bureau for the protection of manufacturers who fill out these reports, with the assurance that they are to be regarded as confidential and any departure from it might involve a possible exposure of business conditions which might be detrimental to the interests of the firms concerned.

The presentation follows strictly the standard forms which are proven by experience to be the best for the purpose of showing clearly the most interesting features of the general industrial situation. The tables, ten in number, are in the form of abstracts which give only the totals for each industry group, thus rendering the separation therefrom of the data relating to any one establishment absolutely impossible.

These ten tables show for each industry group: First, the character of management, whether the same is by corporation, partnership, or individual owner, with the number of stockholders, partners, or individual owners as the case may be; second, the capital invested divided so as to show the amounts standing for land and buildings, machinery, tools and implements, and cash on hand or in bank; third, the cost value of all stock or material merged into the finished products or consumed in the process of manufacture, and also the selling value of all goods made or work done; fourth, the greatest, least, and average number of persons employed during the year; fifth, the average number of persons employed by months for each industry and for all industries; sixth, the total amount paid in wages and the average yearly earnings of employes by industries; seventh, classified weekly earnings of employes by industries; eighth, the average number of days in operation throughout the year, and the average working hours per day and per week; ninth, the proportion of business done, that is to say—the extent to which the operation of the various industries during the year approached full pro

ductive capacity; and tenth, the character of power generating motors in use, and the aggregate horse power of the same.

Forming a part of the extended analysis of these statistics which follow are a number of smaller tables in which the data relating to twenty-five selected industries, the most important in the State, are compared with those for 1912, so as to show such increases or decreases as may have occurred in either or all of them. These comparisons are interesting and valuable for the light shed by them on the general trend of industry during the year.

Table No. 1 shows the character of the ownership of individual establishments included in each industry group, that is to say, the number owned by corporations, by partnerships and by individuals. The number of stockholders classified as males, females, trustees holding stock for the estates of minors, is given for corporations, and the number of partners-male, female and special, is also given for the establishments not under corporate management.

Of the 2,638 establishments reporting, 1,879, or 71.2 per cent. are owned by corporations, and 759, or 28.8 per cent., are under the control of partnerships or private owners. In 1912, In 1912, the proportions of corporate and non-corporate establishments were 70.5 and 29.5 per cent. respectively; in 1911, the proportions were, corporate management, 69.1 per cent. and non-corporate, 30.9 per cent. The increase of corporate ownership of industry between 1911 and 1912 was 1.4 per cent.; and between 1912 and 1913, the increase was 0.7 per cent. As a matter of course, a corresponding reduction is shown in the proportion of establishments under non-corporate management for both these years. The corporate form of management with its many recognized advantages, such as abundant capital, limited liability, and division of risks and hazards among many interested persons, is steadily growing in favor, and the increase will average about one per cent. per year.

The number of partners and individual owners of the 759 noncorporate establishments is 1,303, or 1.7 to each establishment, and the number of stockholders interested to a greater or less extent in the 1,879 plants under corporate management is 140,848, or an average of almost exactly 75 for each establishment.

The above table shows the total selling value of all goods made by the "twenty-five selected industries" during the year 1913 to have been $644,299,165, as against a total for 1912 of $605,616,274. The increase in 1913 as compared with the previous year is therefore, $38,682,891, or 6.4 per cent. The products of "other industries," or those not included in the twentyfive selected ones, were valued at $484,525,224 in 1913, and $445,786, 441 in 1912; the increase shown is therefore $38,738,783, or 8.7 per cent. The table shows that for all industries including the entire 2,638 establishments considered, the value of all products for 1913 was $1,128,824,389, which is an increase during the year of $77,421,674, or 7.3 per cent. over the value of all products reported in 1912. Six of the selected industries show decreases in the value of products ranging from $69,707, or 0.6 per cent. in the jewelry industry to $3,369,583, or 6.4 per cent. in the silk goods industry. Nineteen of the twenty-five selected industries show increases in the value of products ranging from $14,120, or 0.1 per cent., reported by "brick and terra cotta," to $15,513,758, or 15.6 per cent. in the "oil refining" industry. Excepting only the falling off in the silk industry referred to above, the decreases are all relatively small, and the increases with the exception of "brick and terra cotta," relatively large.

The average value of products per establishment in the "twenty-five selected industries" is $486,264; for "other indus