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The list shows the total number of plants that ceased operating here during the year 1913 to have been 110; of these, 98 were closed permanently because their owners had not succeeded in operating them profitably; 12 were moved from this State-3 to Pennsylvania, 2 to New York, and 1 each to Virginia, Ohio, Connecticut, Michigan and Canada. Two of the moved establishments failed to report their new locations.

The silk industry heads the list in the number of plants closed, which is 14; the leather, hatting, metal goods, and machinery industries come next, with losses of 9, 7, 6, and 4 establishments respectively. The extraordinary shrinkage in the silk industry was due almost entirely to the strike, which paralyzed the industry in Paterson, its principal home, during nearly seven months of 1912. The establishments concerned were mostly small ones that were caught in the disorganization and confusion brought upon the trade by the strike, without sufficient resources to see them through until order was re-established.

Of the total number of plants that passed out, Newark lost 32; Paterson, 13; Jersey City and Trenton, 5 each; Camden, 3; Elizabeth, Hoboken, Passaic and 49 other localities in the State, I each.

The capital invested in these 110 establishments in 1912 was $12,006,702; the cost value of material used, $6,477,411; the selling value of goods made or work done, $11,338,826; the amount paid in wages during 1912, $2,611,398, and the average number of persons employed, 5,989.

TABLE No. 7.

Manufacturing Establishments Moved from the State or Closed
Permanently During the Year 1913.

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TABLE No. 8.

Changes in Working Time and Wages, During the Twelve Months Ending September 30, 1914.

The purpose of this compilation is to show in the most concise possible form the general trend of working time and wages or earnings for the period covered by the report. It also shows to some extent at least, the conditions of activity or inactivity which for the time being prevail in the industries for which changes in either or both respects are reported. Usually a reduction in working time or in wages may be regarded as an indication that the establishment making such a change is not doing a prosperous business, while conversely those in which both wages and working time are increased are in a prosperous condition with good prospects ahead.

The number of labor employing concerns for which changes in either respect are reported is 51; of these, 48 are factory or workshop establishments and 3 are of the non-factory kind. Three establishments included in the total number reported had resumed work during the year covered by the record, after having been closed down for more or less extended periods. Ten of the establishments from which increases of working time were reported had practically doubled their working forces by employing a night shift, seven of them to work five full nights per week and three for a less number of hours. Two report working to nine o'clock five nights of the week, and one plant divided its working force into three shifts, which operated the works for eight hours each. Seven establishments changed from part time to full time, and one increased its standard working hours from 50 to 55 per week.

Reductions in working time were reported by 27 establishments; eight of these changed from six to five days a week; one made no cut in wages in consequence of the change, but proportionate loss of pay had to be submitted to by employes of the others. Two establishments reduced their working time from six to four, and two others from six to three days a week. Reductions of five or more hours per week for varying periods of time were made in thirteen establishments.

With regard to wages, the record shows an increase of five cents per hour gained by the trolley line employes of the Public Service Corporation at Newark; an increase of $1.00 per day by a group of structural iron workers at Trenton, and an increase of ten cents per hour by stone masons of Morristown.

Not a single increase in wages is reported for a factory and workshop industry during the twelve months covered by the record, nor have there been any reductions-that is to say, of wage rates. In the establishments reporting increases in working hours, there was of course a corresponding advance in earnings, and in the twenty-seven concerns reporting reductions of working hours, there was, except in the one instance referred to above, a proportionate cut in earnings.

Naturally conditions in many lines of manufacturing industry were more or less affected by the tariff changes which had gone into effect in the early part of the year, but the process of readjustment which it was hoped would in time restore normal conditions of activity were brought to a complete standstill by the outbreak of the European war.

INDUSTRIAL CHRONOLOGY.
TABLE No. 8.

Increase or Decrease in Wages or Working Hours, from October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1914.

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Employment of a night force five nights per week until 9 o'clock.

To full time; had been working part time.

To five days per week; had been working six.

From nine to ten hours per day.

To full time; had been working part time.

Employment of a night force five nights per week
until 9 o'clock.

Employment of a night shift five nights per week.
Employment of a night shift five nights per week.

Increase in wages from $4.00 to $5.00 per day.
Employment of a night force five nights per week.
Employment of a night force five nights per week.
Reduction in working force.

Employment of a night force five nights per week.
To five days per week; had been working six.
Working force divided into three shifts of eight
hours.

Working time reduced to five days per week without decrease in wages.

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