Eighteen of the twenty-five selected industries show increases in earnings, ranging from 2 per cent. in "woolen and worsted goods" to 21.9 per cent. in "leather-tanned and finished." Seven industries show decreases in average earnings in 1913 compared with 1912, which range from 0.6 per cent. in "furnaces, ranges and heaters," to 13.1 per cent. in "glass-window and bottle." The percentages of change, whether increase or decrease, are found between these minimum and maximum percentages.

The average yearly earnings in the "twenty-five selected industries" is, as shown by the table, $591.19; in "other industries," the average is $547.31, and for "all industries" the average is $572.49. The increase of average yearly earnings of “all industries" in 1913, as compared with 1912, is $15.39, or 2.8 per cent. The aggregate total amount paid in wages by all industries during the year 1913 was $190,649,091. In 1912, the wages paid amounted to $180,163,737. The increase in 1913 was therefore $10,163,737, or 5.8 per cent.

Table No. 7 gives the actual weekly earnings of men, women and children for each of the eighty-nine general industries and for all industries. The classified weekly earnings are compiled from the reports of individual establishments included in each industry; the actual number of men, women and children employed as wage earners who earned one or another of the several amounts specified on the table, beginning with "under $3 per week" and advancing through the several grades with an increase of one or more dollars per grade up to the highest in the classification-$25 per week and over. In compiling this classification the earnings used were those reported by the establishments in each industry for the week during which the largest number of persons were employed. The industries follow each other in alphabetical order, and separate wage classifications are given for men, women and children.

The last division of this table consists of a summary which gives the weekly wage classification for all industries. This presentation shows in the most condensed form, and with the greatest possible accuracy, the wages or earnings paid in the factory and workshop industries of New Jersey. The number of operatives considered is 365,266. Of these, 264,193 are men; 93,622 are women; and 7,451 are children below the age of 16 years. The wage rates or earnings of each class of labor are

presented separately, and are subdivided into thirteen groups, each including only those whose weekly earnings are practically the same. The prevalent wages in all industries may be seen through the medium of this table at a glance, and the method. employed is the only one that fairly approximates correctness in the presentation of statistics of wages or earnings, in that it divides into separate groups all operatives earning or receiving practically the same wages.

A calculation based on the wage rates given on this table for all industries, in making which the middle figure between the highest and lowest in each group is taken as the basis, shows the average weekly earnings of men to have been $13.55; women, $7.92, and children, $4.76; these averages, compared with those of 1912, show an increase of $1.84, 95 cents and 21 cents per week in the average earnings of men, women and children respectively.

The table which follows gives the percentages of each of the three classes of wage earners employed in all industries, who, during the year 1913, received the specified wage rates:

The figures given on the above table show that 16.5 per cent. of the men, 73.6 per cent. of the women, and all the children employed in the factories and workshops of New Jersey are in the several groups receiving less than $9 per week; 51.3 per cent. of the men, and 23.5 per cent. of the women are in the three groups whose earnings are from $9 to under $15 per week; 27.9 per cent. of the men, and 2.9 per cent. of the women are in the two groups whose earnings are from $15 to under $25 per week,

and only males-4.5 per cent. of the total number employed, are shown to have received $25 per week and over.

Table No. 8 shows the average number of days in operation for each of the eighty-nine general industries and the general average for all industries. The average number of hours worked per day and per week, and the number of establishments in each industry that found it necessary to resort to overtime in order to meet the demand for their products, are also shown on this table.

The aggregate average number of days in operation for all industries is, as shown by the table, 283.98. In 1912 the average was 287.67. The year 1913 has therefore witnessed a decrease in this respect of 3.69 days as compared with the previous year's record. Deducting Sundays and all the generally observed holidays, there remain 306 working days in the year; the average number of days in operation was therefore a small fraction more than 22 days less than that number. Eight of the general industries, in which are included 192 establishments, report an average year's work of more than 300 days, and eighty-one industries, including 2,446 establishments, report averages ranging from 300 days downward to 264 days, which was the average for the pearl button industry.

The average working time per day is shown by the table to have been 9.7 hours for all industries, and the average working time per week, 55 hours. One industry-"pig iron"-reports an average workday of 12 hours and 66 hours per week; another, "chemical products," reports II hours per day and 58 hours per week; “graphite products" report an average of 9.5 hours per day and a fraction over 59 hours per week; "lime and cement" report 10.6 hours per day and 66 hours per week. Other industries reporting average working days of 10 hours or over are: "mining-iron ore;" "metal buttons;" "oil refining;" "rubber goods;" "silk throwing;" "smelting, refining, etc;" "bar steel and iron;" "thread;" and "woolen goods."

The following industries report average working hours of less than 9 per day: "Brewery products," 8.4; "cornices and skylights," 8.4; "printing and bookbinding," 8.7; "silk dyeing," 8.4; "typewriters and supplies," 8.7.

Three hundred and ninety-nine establishments report having worked "overtime" during the year, the aggregate amount of

which was 1,326,239 hours. Reduced to working days of average duration 9.70 hours, the "overtime" amounted to 136,725 days, which on the basis of the average number of days in operation in 1913-283.98, is equal to the labor of 481 persons for one year, a number equal to a little more than one-tenth of one per cent. of the total average number of wage earners employed in all industries during the year.

Table No. 9 shows for each of the eighty-nine general industries, and for all industries combined, the average "proportion of business done." The purpose of the table is to show how nearly the operation of each industry for the year corresponded with its full productive capacity without in any way adding to the existing equipment. Full capacity is indicated by 100 per cent., and the extent to which the work of each industry falls below that total shows the percentage of productive power not called into use by the business demands of the year. The "proportion of business done" as reported by the individual establishments considered, represents their actual output of goods for the year compared with what it would have been had all existing facilities of the plant been brought into use.

The aggregate average proportion of business done during the year 1913 is shown by the table to have been 71.24 per cent., that is to say, 28.76 per cent. below full capacity. In 1912 the average proportion of business done was 74.10 per cent., which shows an average falling off of 2.86 per cent. in the factory operation of New Jersey in 1913 as compared with the next preceding year. Operated on the basis of 71.24 per cent. of full capacity, the factories and workshops of New Jersey produced, as shown by Table No. 3, products having a selling value of $1,128,824,389. Operated to their full capacity, these establishments would have produced goods having a selling value of $1,445,752,719.

Although none of the general industries report having been operated to full capacity, there were numbers of individual establishments included in each of them that reported having done so, but the larger number fell far enough below 100 per cent. to reduce the average to the percentage stated above. Comparisons of the "proportion of business done" in 1912 and 1913 are shown on the table below, for the "twenty-five selected industries," for "other industries," and for "all industries." The increases and decreases are shown by percentages.

The above table shows an increase in the "proportion of business done" for only six of the twenty-five selected industries, while nineteen show decreases, some of them quite large. The industries reporting increases are "artisans' tools," 0.87 per cent.; "drawn wire and wire cloth," 6.79 per cent.; "hats-fur and and felt," 5.12 per cent.; "leather-tanned and finished," 0.12 per cent.; "lamps-electric and other," 0.72 per cent.; and "steel and iron forgings," 2.60 per cent. Only three of these industries show real tangible gains in the proportion of business done; the others, being only small fractions of one per cent., are more nominal than · real.

The average falling off in the proportion of business done in the twenty-five selected industries is 2.98 per cent.; in "other industries" and in "all industries" the decreases are 2.81, and 2.86 respectively. The industries showing the largest shrinkage in proportion of business done are: "Chemical products," 5.23 per cent.; "cigars and tobacco,” 4.88 per cent.; "drawn wire and wire cloth," 6.79 per cent.; "furnaces, ranges and heaters,” 11.71 per