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or forfeit their interest in the association for default of installments, or dues, or work, or labor required, as provided by the by-laws; to enter into any and all lawful contracts or obligations essential to the transaction of its affairs, for the purpose for which it was formed, and to borrow money, and issue all such notes, bills, or evidences of indebtedness or mortgage as its by-laws may provide for; to trade, barter, buy, sell, exchange, and to do all other things proper to be done for the purpose of carrying into effect the objects for which the association is formed. SEC. 10. Two or more associations formed and existing under this act may be consolidated together, upon such terms, and for such purposes, and by such name, as may be agreed upon, in writing, signed by two-thirds of the members of each such association. Such agreement must also state all the matters necessary to articles of association, and must be acknowledged by the signers before an officer competent to take an acknowledgment of deeds in this State, and be filed in the office of the secretary of state, and a certified copy thereof be filed in the office of the county clerk of the county where its principal business is to be transacted; and from and after the filing of such certified copy, the former associations comprising the component parts shall cease to exist, and the consolidated associations shall succeed to all the rights, duties, and powers of the component associations, and be possessed of all the rights, duties, and powers prescribed in the agreement of consolidated association not inconsistent with this act, and shall be subject to all the liabilities and obligations of the former component associations, and succeed to all the property and interests thereof, and may make bylaws and do all things permitted by this act.

SEC. 11. Any association formed or consolidated under this act may be dissolved and its affairs wound up voluntarily by the written request of two-thirds of the members. Such requests shall be addressed to the directors, and shall specify reasons why the winding up of the affairs of the association is deemed advisable, and shall name three persons who are members to act in liquidation and in winding up the affairs of the association, a majority of whom shall thereupon have full power to do all things necessary to liquidation; and upon the filing of such request with the directors, and a copy thereof in the office of the county clerk of the county where the principal business is transacted, all power of the directors shall cease and the persons appointed shall proceed to wind up the association, and realize upon its assets, and pay its debts, and divide the residue of its money among the members, share and share alike, within a time to be named in said written request, or such further time as may be granted them by two-thirds of the members, in writing, filed in the office of said county clerk; and upon the completion of such liquidation the said association shall be deemed dissolved. No receiver of any such association, or of any property thereof, or of any right therein, can be appointed by any court, upon the application of any member, save after judgment of dissolution for usurping franchises at the suit of the State of California by its attorney-general.

SEC. 12. The right of any association claiming to be organized under this act to do business may be inquired into by quo warranto, at the suit of the attorneygeneral of this State, but not otherwise.

SEC. 13. This act being passed to promote association for mutual welfare, the words "lawful business" shall extend to every kind of lawful effort for business, educational, industrial, benevolent, social, or political purposes, whether conducted for profit or not, and this act shall not be strictly construed, but its provisions must at all times be liberally construed, with a view to effect its object and to promote its purposes.

CHAPTER 208.-Convict labor.

SEC. 1. The governor of the State, the state prison directors, and the bureau of highways (or if the latter shall not be established, then and in that case the two first named) shall, when satisfied that fifty thousand cubic yards of prepared road or highway metal, as hereinafter described, will be taken for highway purposes, purchase, establish, and operate at one or both of the state prisons, a rock or stone crushing plant, to be operated by convict labor and by the application of power under control of the state prison directors, and with such free labor as is necessary for superintendence and direction, to crush rock or stone into road metal for highway purposes, of different and necessary degrees of fineness; Provided, That the authority and direction hereby and herein conferred and given, shall not be exercised or employed until the governor and the state prison directors are satisfied that transportation can be had for such highway metal for highway purposes at just and reasonable rates, and so as to justify the setting up and operation herein provided for of said plant.

COLORADO.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 10.-Exemption from taxation.

SECTION 3. * * *the household goods of every person being the head of a family to the value of two hundred dollars shall be exempt from taxation.

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ARTICLE 15.-Certain contracts of employees waiving right to damages void. SEC. 15. It shall be unlawful for any person, company or corporation to require of its servants or employees, as a condition of their employment or otherwise, any contract or agreement whereby such person, company or corporation shall be released or discharged from liability or responsibility on account of personal injuries received by such servants or employees while in the service of such person, company or corporation by reason of the negligence of such person, company or corporation, or the agents or employees thereof, and such contracts shall be absolutely null and void.

ARTICLE 16.-Mine regulations.

SEC. 2. The general assembly shall provide by law for the proper ventilation of mines, the construction of escapement shafts, and such other appliances as may be necessary to protect the health and secure the safety of the workmen therein; and shall prohibit the employment in the mines of children under twelve years of age.

SEC. 3. The general assembly may make such regulations, from time to time, as may be necessary for the proper equitable drainage of mines.

ARTICLE 18.—Exemption from execution, etc.

SEC. 1. The general assembly shall pass liberal homestead and exemption laws.

MILLS' ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1891.

CHAPTER 9.-Wages preferred-In assignments.

SECTION 193. The valid claims of servants, laborers and employees of the assignor, for wages earned during the six months next preceding the date of the assignment, not to exceed fifty dollars to any one person then unpaid, and still held by the person who earned the same, and all taxes assessed under the laws of this State, or of the United States, shall be preferred claims and be paid in full, prior to the payment of the dividends in favor of other creditors.

CHAPTER 15.—Blacklisting.

SEC. 239. No corporation, company or individual shall blacklist or publish, or cause to be blacklisted or published, any employee, mechanic or laborer, discharged by such corporation, company or individual, with the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company or individual. SEC. 240. If any officer, or agent of any corporation, company or individual, or other person, shall blacklist, or publish, or cause to be blacklisted or published, any employee, mechanic, or laborer, discharged by such corporation, company or individual, with the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment, from any other corporation, company or individual, or shall in any manner conspire or contrive by correspondence, or otherwise, to prevent such discharged employee from securing employment, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than fifty (50), nor more than two hundred and fifty (250) dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than thirty, nor more than ninety days, or both.

CHAPTER 21.-Bureau of labor statistics.

SEC. 299. That there is hereby established a separate and distinct bureau to be known as the bureau of labor statistics of the State of Colorado, which bureau

shall be charged with the collection of statistics pertaining to the internal resources of the State, labor and agricultural. The secretary of state shall be designated the ex officio commissioner of said bureau. He shall appoint a deputy within ten (10) days after the approval of this act, who shall hold his office for the term of two years. He shall be an elector of this State, well versed in the collection of statistics, and matters relating thereto. The deputy of statistics shall, within twenty days after receiving his commission, and before entering upon the duties of his office, give bonds to the State of Colorado in the sum of two thousand (2,000) dollars, to be approved by the attorney general. Said deputy shall receive an annual salary of eighteen hundred (1,800) dollars, payable as other state officers. SEC. 300. The duties of the commissioner shall be to collect, systematize, and present in biennial reports to the legislature, statistical details relating to all departments of labor in the State, such as the hours and wages of labor, cost of living, amount of labor required, estimated number of persons depending on daily labor for their support, the estimated number of persons employed by the several industries within the State, the operation of labor-saving machinery in its relation to hand labor, etc. Said statistics may be classified as follows:

1st. In agriculture.

2nd. In mining.

3rd. In mechanical and manufacturing industries.

4th. In transportation.

5th. In clerical and all other skilled and unskilled labor not above mentioned. 6th. The amount of cash capital invested in lands, in building and machinery, severally, and means of production and distribution generally.

7th. The number, age, sex, and condition of persons employed; the nature of their employment; the extent to which the apprenticeship system prevails in the various skilled industries; the number of hours of labor per day; the average length of time employed per annum, and the net wages received in each of the industries and employments within the State.

8th. The number and condition of the unemployed, their age, sex and nationality, together with the cause of their idleness.

9th. The sanitary conditions of lands, workshops, dwellings; the number and size of rooms occupied by the workers, etc.; the cost of fuel, rent, food, clothing and water in each locality of the State; also the extent to which labor-saving processes are employed to the displacement of hand labor.

10th. The number and condition of the Chinese in the State; their social and sanitary habits; number of married and of single; the number employed and the nature of their employment; the average wages per day at each employment, and the gross amount yearly; the amount expended by them in rent, food and clothing, and in what proportion such amounts are expended for foreign and home productions respectively; to what extent their labor comes in competition with the other industrial classes of the State.

11th. The number, condition and nature of the employment of the inmates of the state prison, county jails and reformatory institutions, and to what extent their employment comes in competition with the labor of mechanics, artisans and laborers outside of these institutions.

12th. All such other information in relation to labor as the commissioner may deem essential to further the objects sought to be attained by this statute.

13th. A description of the different kinds of labor organizations in existence in the State, and what they accomplish in favor of the class for which they were organized.

SEC. 301. It shall be the duty of all state, county and precinct officers to furnish, upon the written request of the commissioner, all the information in their power necessary to assist in carrying out the objects of this act.

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SEC. 302. Any person who willfully impedes or obstructs the commissioner in the full and free performance of his duties, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than ten (10) nor more than fifty (50) dollars, or imprisonment not less than seven (7) nor more than thirty (30) days in the county jail, or both.

SEC. 304. The commissioner shall have power to send for persons whenever, in his opinion, it is necessary. And he may examine witnesses under oath, being hereby authorized to administer the same in the performance of his duty, and the testimony so taken must be filed and preserved in the office of said commis

sioner.

SEC. 307. If any difference shall arise between any corporation or person, employing twenty-five or more employees, and such employees, threatening to result, or resulting in a strike on the part of such employees, or a lockout on the part of such employer, it shall be the duty of the commissioner, when requested

so to do by fifteen or more of said employees, or by the employers, to visit the place of such disturbance, and diligently seek to mediate between such employer and employees.

CHAPTER 26.-Employment of children.

SEC. 413. Any person who shall take, receive, hire or employ, any children under fourteen years of age in any underground works, or mine, or in any smelter, mill or factory, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before any justice of the peace or court of record, shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense. Provided, That a jury on the trial of any such case before a justice of the peace, shall be called and empaneled as in the case of assault and battery, and that the jury in such cases shall designate the amount of the fine in their verdict.

SEC. 414. Whenever any person shall before a justice of the peace make oath, or affirm that the affiant believes that this act has been, or is being violated, naming the person charged with such violation, such justice shall forthwith issue a warrant to a constable, or other authorized officer, and such officer shall arrest the person or persons so charged, and bring him or them before the justice issuing such warrant, for a hearing. And it shall be the duty of all constables and policemen to aid in the enforcement of this act.

SEC. 415. In the default of the payment of the fine or penalty imposed under any of the provisions of this act, it shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, or court of record before whom any person may be convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of this act, to commit such person to the county jail, there to remain for not less than twenty days nor more than ninety days.

SEC. 417. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons or corporation to employ any child under the age of fourteen years to labor in any business whatever during the school hours of any school day of the school term of the public school in the school district where such child is, unless such child shall have attended some public or private day school where instruction was given by a teacher qualified to instruct in those branches required to be taught in the public school of the State of Colorado, or shall have been regularly instructed at home in such branches, by some person qualified to instruct in the same, at least twelve weeks in each year, eight weeks at least of which shall be consecutive, and shall, at the time of such employment, deliver to the employer a certificate in writing, signed by the teacher, certifying to such attendance or instruction; and any person, persons or corporation who shall employ any child contrary to the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined in a sum not less than twenty-five (25) dollars nor more than fifty (50) dollars, and all fines so collected shall be paid into the county treasury, and placed to the credit of the school district in which the offense occurs.

SEC. 420. It shall be the duty of any school director of the district to inquire into all cases of neglect of the duty prescribed in this act, and ascertain from the person neglecting, the reason, if any, therefor; and he shall forthwith proceed to secure the prosecution of any offense occurring under this act; and any director neglecting to secure such prosecution for such offense, within ten days after a written notice has been served on him by any taxpayer in said district, unless the person so complained of shall be excused by the district board of education for the reasons herein before stated, shall, upon conviction, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined in a sum not less than ten nor more than fifty dollars; and such fine, when collected, shall be paid into the county treasury and placed to the credit of the school district in which the offense occurs. All actions for offenses committed under this act shall be prosecuted for in the name of the State of Colorado.

SEC. 422. Two weeks' attendance, at half time or night school, shall be considered within the meaning of the article equivalent to an attendance of one week at a day school.

CHAPTER 31.-Suing as a poor person.

SEC. 676. If any court shall, before or after the commencement of any suit, be satisfied that the plaintiff is a poor person, and unable to prosecute his or her suit, and pay the cost and expenses thereof, they may in their discretion permit him to commence and prosecute his action as a poor person; and thereupon such person shall have the necessary writs, process, and proceedings, as in other cases, without charge; and if the plaintiff recover judgment, there shall be a judgment for his costs.

CHAPTER 36.-Labor combinations not unlawful.

SEC. 1295. It shall not be unlawful for any two or more persons to unite, or combine, or agree in any manner, to advise or encourage, by peaceable means, any person or persons to enter into any combination in relation to entering into or remaining in the employment of any person, persons or corporation, or in relation to the amount of wages or compensation to be paid for labor, or for the purpose of regulating the hours of labor, or for the procuring of fair and just treatment from employees, or for the purpose of aiding and protecting their welfare and interests in any other manner not in violation of the constitution of this State or the laws made in pursuance thereof; Provided, That this act shall not be so construed as to permit two or more persons, by threats of either bodily or financial injury, or by any display of force, to prevent or intimidate any other person from continuing in such employment as he may see fit, or to boycott or intimidate any employer of labor.

CHAPTER 36.-Convict labor.

SEC. 1445. It shall be the duty of the keepers of the said several prisons, when any person shall be sentenced to hard labor therein, and any mode of labor shall be provided to cause such prisoner to be kept constantly employed during every day, Sundays excepted, and annually to account with the board of county commissioners for the proceeds of such labor; and in all such cases it shall be lawful for the said jailer, with the consent of the county commissioners of the county in which such jail may be situated, to provide labor for such prisoners, if they deem it expedient and profitable so to do, either inside of the jail or outside of its limits.

SEC. 1446. The keepers of said prisons shall respectively have power, with the consent of the county commissioners of said counties, from time to time to cause such of the convicts under their charge as are capable of hard labor to be employed on any of the public avenues, streets, highways or other works, quarries or mines, in the county in which such prisoners shall be confined, or in any of the adjoining counties, upon such terms as may be agreed upon between the said keepers and the officers or other persons under whose directions such convicts shall be placed.

CHAPTER 61.-Labor Day.

SEC. 2128. The first Monday in September of the present year of our Lord, and each year thereafter, is hereby declared a public holiday, to be known as "Labor Day." and the same shall be recognized, classed and treated as other holidays under the laws of this State.

CHAPTER 62.-Exemption from execution, etc.—Homesteads.

SEC. 2132. Every householder in the State of Colorado, being the head of a family, shall be entitled to a homestead not exceeding in value the sum of two thousand dollars, exempt from execution and attachment, arising from any debt, contract or civil obligation.

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SEC. 2134. Such homestead shall only be exempt as provided in [section 2132] while occupied as such by the owner thereof, or his or her family.

SEC. 2135. When any person dies seized of a homestead, leaving a widow, or husband, or minor children, such widow, or husband, or minor children, shall be entitled to the homestead; but in case there is neither widow, husband, nor minor children, the homestead shall be liable for the debts of the deceased.

SEC. 2136. The homestead mentioned in this act may consist of a house and lot or lots, in any town or city, or of a farm consisting of any number of acres, so that the value does not exceed two thousand dollars.

SEC. 2139. In case of the sale of said homestead, any subsequent homestead acquired by the proceeds thereof shall also be exempt from execution or attachment, nor shall any judgment or other claim against the owner of such homestead be a lien against the same in the hands of a bona fide purchaser.

CHAPTER 66.-State industrial school for boys.

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SEC. 2167. There shall be established in this State an institution under the name and style of the "State Industrial School."

SEC. 2168. The general supervision and government of said industrial school shall be vested in a board of control, to consist of three members, who shall be appointed

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