SEC. 1472 (as amended by chapter 87, acts of 1895). Every person who shall willfully injure any engine or car used upon any railroad, or any car used upon any street railway, shall be fined not more than one hundred and fifty dollars, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

CHAPTER 99.-Strikes-Abandonment, obstructing use, etc., of locomotives or cars.

SEC. 1517 (as amended by chapter 87, acts of 1895). Every person who shall unlawfully, maliciously, and in violation of his duty or contract, unnecessarily stop, delay, or abandon any locomotive, car, or train of cars, or street railway car, or shall maliciously injure, hinder, or obstruct the use of any locomotive, car, or railroad, or street railway car, or street railway, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months.

CHAPTER 99.-Intimidation of employers and employees. (a)

SEC. 1518. Every person who shall threaten, or use any means to intimidate any person to compel such person, against his will, to do or abstain from doing any act which such person has a legal right to do, or shall persistently follow such person in a disorderly manner, or injure, or threaten to injure, his property with intent to intimidate him, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months.

CHAPTER 99.-Sunday labor.

SEC. 1569. Every person who shall do any secular business or labor, except works of necessity or mercy, or keep open any shop, warehouse, or manufacturing or mechanical establishment, or expose any property for sale * * * on Sunday, between sunrise and sunset, shall be fined not more than four dollars, nor less than one dollar.

SEC. 1572. No person who conscientiously believes that the seventh day of the week ought to be observed as the Sabbath, and actually refrains from secular business and labor on that day, shall be liable to prosecution for performing secular business and labor on the Sabbath, provided he disturbs no other person while attending public worship.

CHAPTER 106.-Employment, hours of labor, etc., of women and children.

SEC. 1745. No minor under sixteen years of age, and no woman, shall be employed in laboring in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment more than ten hours in any day, except when it is necessary to make repairs to prevent the interruption of the ordinary running of the machinery, or where a different apportionment of the hours of labor is made for the sole purpose of making a shorter day's work for one day of the week. Every employer shall post in a conspicuous place in every room where such persons are employed a notice stating the number of hours of work required of them on each day of the week; and the employment of any such person for a longer time in any day than so stated shall be deemed a violation of this section, unless it appears that such employment is to make up for time lost on some previous day of the same week in consequence of the stopping of machinery upon which such person was employed or dependent for employment: but in no case shall the hours of labor exceed sixty in a week. Every person who willfully employs, or has in his employment, or under his charge, any person in violation of this section, and every parent or guardian who permits any such minor to be so employed, shall be fined not exceeding twenty dollars for each offense. A certificate of the age of a minor, made by him or by his parent or guardian at the time of his employment in a manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, shall be conclusive evidence of his age upon any trial of any person other than the parent or guardian for violation of this section.

CHAPTER 106.-Hours of labor.

SEC. 1746. Eight hours of labor, performed in any one day, by any one person, shall be a lawful day's work, unless otherwise agreed.

CHAPTER 106.-Payment of wages. (b)

SEC. 1748. Any person or corporation who shall withhold any part of the wares of any person, because of any agreement expressed or implied requiring notice

a See Decision, page 1262. 2352-12

b See Decision, page 1263.

before leaving the employment, shall forfeit fifty dollars, half to him who shall sue therefor, and half to the State.

SEC. 1749. Every corporation employing labor shall pay to its employees such compensation or wages as may be agreed upon, once a eek; and such payment shall include all wages earned and unpaid up to the eighth day preceding the day of payment, and no deduction from said wages shall be made on account of such weekly payment.

SEC. 1750. Every corporation which shall pay weekly to such of its employees as shall call at the usual place of payment for the same eighty per cent. of their estimated wages, earned and unpaid before the eighth day preceding the day of payment, making no discount on account of such weekly payment; and shall pay in full once in each month, and shall give notice of the same in its printed rules and regulations, shall be exempt from the provisions of the preceding section. SEC. 1751. Any corporation violating the provisions of the two preceding sections shall forfeit the sum of fifty dollars, half to him who shall sue therefor, and half to the State.

SEC. 1752. No employer of labor, nor any person acting for him, shall in any manner or form make a discount or deduction from the wages of any person employed by him, when the wages of the employee or any part thereof are paid at an earlier time than that at which such wages would regularly have been paid. And any person or corporation violating this section shall forfeit not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars, half to him who shall sue therefor and half to the State.

CHAPTER 106.-Employment of children.

SEC. 1753 (as amended by chapter 118, acts of 1895). No child under fourteen years of age shall be employed in any mechanical, mercantile, or manufacturing establishment.

SEC. 1754 (as amended by chapter 118, acts of 1895). Any person acting for himself, or as agent in any way whatever of any mechanical, mercantile, or manufacturing establishment who shall employ or authorize or permit to be employed in such establishment any child, in violation of the preceding section, shall be fined not more than sixty dollars, and every week of such illegal employment shall be a distinct offense, provided that no person shall be punished under this section for the employment of any child when at the time of such employment the employer shall demand and thereafter during such employment keep on file the certificate of any town clerk, or of the teacher of the school where such child last attended, stating that such child is more than fourteen years of age, or a like certificate of the parent or guardian of such child in such cases only where there is no record of the child's age in the office of the town clerk, and such child has not attended school in this State. Any parent or guardian who shall sign any certificate that his child or ward is more than fourteen years of age when in fact such child or ward is under fourteen years of age shall be fined not more than sixty dollars. SEC. 1755. It shall be the duty of the state board of education and the school visitors, boards of education, and town committees of towns, to enforce the two preceding sections; and for that purpose the state board of education may appoint agents, under its supervision and control,

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CHAPTER 118.-Cooperative associations.

SEC. 1895. Seven or more persons, of lawful age, inhabitants of this State, may, by written articles of agreement, associate themselves together for the purposes of trade, or for carrying on any lawful mercantile, mechanical, manufacturing, or agricultural business within this State, and when such articles of association shall have been executed, and recorded in the office of the town clerk, in the town in which the business is to be carried on, such persons shall be and become a corporation, and enjoy all the powers and privileges, and be subject to all the duties, restrictions, and liabilities set forth in all general laws, in relation to similar corporations, except so far as the same may be limited or enlarged by this chapter. SEC. 1897. The business of the association shall be managed and conducted by a president, a board of not less than five directors, and a treasurer, which shall be styled a board of managers, and who shall be chosen annually by the stockholders, and shall hold their offices until others are chosen and qualified in their stead, and such association shall have such other officers as it shall prescribe by its by-laws, and the mode of appointment and choice of such officers shall also be prescribed by the by-laws.

SEC. 1899. The amount of capital stock of such association shall be fixed and limited by its articles of association, at any sum not exceeding fifty thousand dollars. The association may increase or diminish its amount and its number of shares at any meeting of the stockholders, especially called for that purpose, and within five

days after the passage of any vote increasing or diminishing the capital stock, shall cause such vote to be recorded in the town clerk's office of the town where its business is carried on, but no share shall be issued for less than its par value.

SEC. 1901. Such association may take, hold, and convey such real and personal estate as is necessary for the purposes of its organization, and may sue and be sued in its associate name; and no member thereof shall be entitled to hold or claim any interest therein exceeding the sum of one thousand dollars, nor shall any member upon any subject be entitled to more than one vote.

SEC. 1904. There shall be such distribution of the profits or earnings of such association among the shareholders, as shall be prescribed by the by-laws: Provided, That no distribution shall be declared and paid, until a sum equal to ten per cent. of the net profits shall be appropriated for a contingent or sinking fund, and until there shall have been thereby accumulated a sum equal to twenty per cent. of such capital stock.

CHAPTER 119.-Corporations-Profit-sharing.

SEC. 1935. Any corporation organized after May 31, 1886, under general or special law, may, by its board of directors, distribute to the persons employed in its service, or to any of them, such portion of the profits of the business of the corporation as the board of directors may deem just and proper.

SEC. 1936. Any corporation organized on or prior to May 31, 1886, may give to its board of directors the power to distribute to the persons employed in its service, or to any of them, such portion of the profits of the business of the corporation as said board may deem just and proper; Provided, Such power is given by a major vote of all the shareholders, at a meeting warned for the purpose.

CHAPTER 131.-Employment of children.

SEC. 2105. No child under fourteen years of age, who has resided in the United States nine months, shall be employed to labor, unless such child shall have attended a day school in which instruction has been regularly and thoroughly given in the branches of education required in the public schools during at least twelve weeks, or sixty full school days of the twelve months next preceding any month in which such child shall be so employed, nor unless six weeks at least of this attendance have been consecutive. Any person who shall employ a child contrary to the provisions of this section shall be fined not more than sixty dollars. SEC. 2106. It shall be the duty of every parent, or other person having control of a child under fourteen years of age, to furnish the employer of such child a certificate signed by the teacher, school visitor, or committee of the school which the child attended, showing that the child has attended school as required by the preceding section. The employer of any such child shall require such certificate, shall keep it at his place of business during the time the child is in his employment, and shall show the same when demanded, during the usual business hours, to any school visitor of the town where the child is employed, or to the secretary or agent of the state board of education. Said certificate shall be evidence that the child has attended school as the law requires.

SEC. 2107. Any parent or any person having control of a child, who, with intent to evade the provisions of this chapter, shall make any false statement concerning the age of such child, or the time such child has resided in the United States, or shall instruct such child to make any such false statement, shall be fined not more than seven dollars, or be imprisoned not more than thirty days.

SEC. 2108. The school visitors in every town shall, once or more in every year, examine into the situation of the children employed in all its manufacturing establishments, and ascertain whether all the provisions of this chapter are duly observed, and report all violations thereof to one of the grand jurors of the town CHAPTER 132.—Manual arts to be taught in public schools.

SEC. 2118. *

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In said [public] schools, shall be taught by teachers found duly qualified by the school visitors, and such other studies, including training in manual arts, as may be prescribed by the board of school visitors, and said schools shall be open to all children, over four years of age, in the respective districts, without discrimination on account of race or color.

CHAPTER 145.-Factories and workshops.

SEC. 2263. The governor shall, with the consent of the Senate two years *

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every

* appoint an inspector of factories, * * and the gov

ernor may remove the inspector for cause.

SEC. 2264. The inspector of factories shall as often as practicable carefully examine all buildings and places where machinery shall be used, and shall have authority to enter such buildings and places at all proper times for the purposes of such inspection. He shall, on or before the first day of December in each year, make a report to the governor of the condition, as respects safety to life and health, of the factories, buildings, and places visited by him, and such report shall be printed for the use of the General Assembly at each of its regular sessions.

SEC. 2265. All factories and buildings where machinery shall be used shall be well ventilated, and kept as clean as the nature of the business will permit. The belting, shafting, gearing, machinery, and drums of all factories and buildings where machinery shall be used, when so placed as in the opinion of the inspector to be dangerous to persons employed therein while engaged in their ordinary duties, shall, as far as practicable, be securely guarded. No machinery other than steam engines in the factory shall be cleaned while running, after notice forbidding the same is given by the inspector to the owners or operators of the factory. SEC. 2266 (as amended by chapter 118, acts of 1893). The inspector of factories may order the opening of all hoistways, hatchways, elevator wells, and well holes, upon every floor of every factory, mercantile establishment, or other building where machinery shall be used, to be protected by good trap doors, self closing hatches, and safety catches or other safe guards, such as will insure the safety of the employees in such factory, mercantile establishment, or other building where machinery shall be used, and all due diligence shall be used to keep such trap doors closed at all times, except when in actual use by an occupant of the building having the use and control of the same. All elevator cabs or cars, whether used for freight or passengers, shall be provided with some suitable mechanical device, if considered necessary by the said inspector, whereby the cab or car will be securely held in the event of accident to the shipper-rope or hoisting machinery, or from any similar cause, and said mechanical device shall at all times be kept in good working order.

SEC. 2267. Every person or corporation managing or operating any factory, or owning or controlling the use of any other building where more than five persons shall be employed at labor, shall provide suitable water-closet accommodations for the use of the persons employed, and shall keep the same in good sanitary condition.

SEC. 2268. It shall be the duty of the inspector to enforce the provisions of this chapter by giving proper orders or notices to the persons or corporations owning, operating, or managing the factories or buildings inspected by him, and also to make complaint to the State's attorneys in the several counties respectively of all violations of this chapter.

SEC. 2269 (as amended by chapter 225, acts of 1889 and chapter 206, acts of 1895). Any person, firm, or corporation, being the owner, lessee, or occupant of any factory or building included within the provisions of this chapter, or owning or controlling the use of any room in such building, shall, for any violation of sections 2265, 2266, or 2267 of the general statutes, or for obstructing or hindering the inspector of factories in carrying out the duties of his office, forfeit to the use of the State not more than fifty dollars. It shall be the duty of the State's attorneys in the several counties to collect forfeitures under this chapter, but no suit shall be brought for any such violation until four weeks after notice has been given by the inspector to such person, firm, or corporation of any changes necessary to be made to comply with the provisions of said sections, and not then, if, in the meantime, such changes have been made in accordance with such notification. Nothing herein shall be construed as limiting in any way the right of a person injured to bring an action to recover damages for the same, as though this chapter had not been enacted.

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SEC. 2270. The orders and notices given by the inspector under this chapter shall be written or printed, and assigned by him officially, and may be served * * by leaving an attested copy thereof with or at the usual place of abode of the person upon whom service is to be made;

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SEC. 2272 (as amended by chapter 206, acts of 1893). The inspector may from time to time employ special agents to assist him in the performance of the duties of his office. Such special agents while so employed shall have the same power and authority as the inspector, subject to his approval

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CHAPTER 164.—Exemption from execution, etc.-Homesteads.

SEC. 2783. Any person owning and actually occupying as a dwelling any building may execute a written declaration of his desire and intention that the same, together with any other real estate occupied and used by him in connection there

with, shall be held by him as a homestead exempt from execution, which declaration shall be executed and recorded like a deed of land, and such purpose may likewise be declared in any conveyance of any such property hereafter taken; and thereupon such property to the extent of one thousand dollars in value shall as a homestead be exempt from attachment, execution, or judgment lien for any debt or liability of such person incurred after the record of such declaration or conveyance, so long as such property shall be actually occupied by the owner as a dwelling; and if the same shall be sold for the payment of any such debt or liability after his decease, excepting expenses for his funeral and last sickness, such sale shall be subject to the right of occupation of such property by the widow or husband of the decedent, if any, for life, and by his minor children during their minority; and such right of occupation shall be free from attachment, execution, or judgment lien for any debt or liability of such widow, husband, or children. Any homestead right of exemption may be released as to the whole or any part of the property so exempted, provided the husband or wife, if any, of the owner join in the declaration of release; the husband or widow may release his or her right of occupation in any such property; and the guardian of any minor child may, with the consent of the court of probate, release the right of occupation of such child in any real estate. All such releases shall be executed and recorded like deeds of land. No person shall have a homestead exemption in more than one dwelling at the same time.

CHAPTER 166.-Earnings of married women.

* The separate earnings of the wife shall be her sole prop

CHAPTER 175.—Bureau of labor statistics.

SEC. 2944. There shall continue to be a bureau of labor statistics, to be under the control and management of the commissioner thereof, to be appointed as hereinafter provided.

SEC. 2945. The governor shall, with the consent of the Senate,

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every

four years, * * * appoint a commissioner of said bureau who shall hold his * * for a term of four years, * # *; and the governor may remove

office

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the commissioner for cause.

SEC. 2947. The commissioner shall collect information upon the subject of labor, its relation to capital, the hours of labor, and the earnings of laboring men and women, and the means of promoting their material, social, intellectual, and moral prosperity; but for this purpose persons shall not be required to leave the vicinity of their residences or places of business.

SEC. 2948. The commissioner shall report to the governor on or before the first day of December in each year, all the statistical details relating to the business of his department.

SEC. 2949. The commissioner may employ from time to time special agents to assist him in his investigations, who shall receive compensation for the time actually employed in such service only * *.

CHAPTER 186.-Mechanics' liens.

SEC. 3018 (as amended by chapter 143, acts of 1895). Every building, in the construction or repairs of which, or of any of its appurtenances, any person shall have a claim for materials furnished or services rendered exceeding ten dollars in amount, by virtue of an agreement with or by consent of the owner of the land upon which such building is erected, or some person having authority from or rightfully acting for such owner in procuring or furnishing such labor or materials, shall, with the land on which the same may stand, be subject to the payment of such claim; and said claim shall be a lien on such land, building, and appurtenances, and shall take precedence of any other incumbrance originating after the commencement of such services or the furnishing of any such materials, subject to apportionment, as provided in section 3021; and said premises may be foreclosed by such person in the same manner as if held by mortgage.

SEC. 3019. No such lien shall be valid, unless within sixty days after the person performing such services or furnishing such materials has ceased so to do, he shall lodge with the town clerk of the town in which said building is situated a certifi