Zeitschrift f. wissenschaftliche Theologie. Parts 3, 4. 1871. Hilgenfeld, the Authorship of the Epistle to the Philippians. Holtzman, Barnabas and John. Werner on Herder's Views about the Old Testament. Hilgenfeld, the Psalms of Solomon. Clemens, the Essene Communities. Van Vloten, on Silas and Luke -new notes. Holtzmann, the year of Luther's Birth. Spiegel, three Letters of Melancthon, hitherto unpublished. Hilgenfeld on Ritschl's History of the Doctrines of Justification and Redemption-a caustic review. Pfleiderer, Christology of Paul. Hönig, the Structure of the Fourth Gospel. Hitzig, on the Interpretation and Criticism of the Book of the Preacher.

Zeitschrift f. Protestantismus und Kirche. Bd. 61. Part 4. The Independence of the Church. The Hessian Church Question before the Deputies at Berlin Exegesis of 1 Tim. iii. 14-16. A Question Preliminary to Theologioal Criticism.

Zeitschrift f. ägyptische Sprache und Alterthumskunde, hrsg. von Lepsius und Brugsch. Bd. 9. Mai, uni. H. Brugsch, on Certain Hieroglyphic Designations of the Years. S. Birch, Medical Papyrus with the Name of Cheops. F. Finzi, Storia Attica e Storia Biblica. G. Smith, the Cyprus Monolith. H. Haigh, Note on the Calendar in Mr. Smith's Papyrus; on the Comparative Chronology of Assyria, Egypt and Israel.

Jahrbücher f. deutsche Theologie. Parts I. and II. 1871. Palmer, John Brentz as Preacher and Catechist. Prof. Grimm of Jena, the Proëm of Luke's Gospel. Dr. Bender of Worms, Schleiermacher's Doctrine of the Feeling of Absolute Dependence in connection with his general Philosophical Principles. Reviews of recent works-thoroughly prepared as usual. The first article was written by Dr. Palmer as a contribution to Tholuck's Jubilee celebration, in the name of the Tübingen Faculty of Evangelical Theology. The second part has Ritschl, the Method of the Older Works on the History of Doctrines: Diestel, the Moabite stone-a full and valuable paper; Herrlinger, Studies on the Theology of Melancthon; Schmid, Theology and Natural Science, etc.

FRANCE.

Of Littré's Dictionary of the French Language the 25th part has appeared-extending from Retranscrire to Scieur. B. Saint-Hilaire's translation of Aristotle's works is collected by Ladrange, 14 vols., 125fr. Cherbuliez announces the 3d ed. of Bergmann's "Studies in Ontology and General Linguistics," the 2d ed. of Boissier's "Cicero and his Friends: Studies on Roman Civilization in the time of Cæsar." L. Carveau, “The Theory of the Passions in Descartes, Spinoza and Malebranche." Ferraz, "The Philosophy of Duty," 2d ed. Fraisse, "The Idea of God in Spinoza,” published by Meyrueis. Nourrisson, "Essay on Alexander Aphrodisiensis, with a Translation (the first in French) of the Treatise on Destiny and the Free Power of Emperors." Didier, 7 fr. E. J. Pérès, "Philosophy of Human Society." 5 fr. Ch. Waddington, "God and Conscience," 3d ed. Didier, 3 fr. Albert Desjardins, "The French Moralists of the Sixteenth Century," 2d ed.-a work crowned by the French Academy. "Centralization and its Effects," by M. Odille Barrot; a new edition. Gourdault, "Colbert, Minister of Louis XIV. ;" a work “which in all respects deserves public attention," says a leading French journal. Jules Le Berquier, "What then is the Commune? a Political and Historical Definition." Gaidoz, "Gargantua: an Essay on Celtic Mythology;" his theory is that Gargantua is not a creation of Rabelais, but a popular Celtic divinity.

Revue des deux Mondes. Tomes 91-94. Jan. to Aug., 1871. This ablest of the French periodicals is again published regularly, and the back numbers for 1870 will soon be all furnished to subscribers. It still enlists some of the best learning and talent of France and maintains its liberal and independent attitude. By its searching criticism it provoked an order of the Commune for its suppression, which was prevented from being carried out by the final victory of the Versailles Government. A large part of the numbers for this year is, of course, taken up with the war, its causes and effects;

with dissertations on Germany and France; with bitter reproaches against Prussia. Like almost all of the French periodicals, it does not conceal its determination to be avenged at some future time for the miseries it has endured. It seems to believe that when the Empire fell, to which it was always more or less opposed, the Germans should have made peace on the terms imposed by France. Among the articles on the war are De Coulanges' "The War of the Invasion," running a parallel between Bismarck and Louvois (not Richelieu); Claretie, The Battle-Field of Sedan," well described; Mezieres, "The Prussian Invasion of 1792 (under the Duke of Brunswick,) and 1870," contrasting Göthe's unpatriotic account of the former with the German views of the present war; Reybaud, "The French Navy in the War;" General Susane, "French Artillery before and during the War," conceding the German superiority; Caro, of the Institute, "The Idea of Country: its Decline and Awakening;" Mague, "The Eating of Horseflesh," etc.; Girand, "The Law of Nations and the War of Prussia," accusing the latter of perpetual violations of it; Etienne, "The Garde Mobile;" Beaussire, "National Hatreds-France and Germany," which takes the ground that "for fifty years wounded pride has been at the bottom of the German hatred of France," "jealousy of its glory," and the like; Gaidoz, "The Ambition and Claims of Pangermanism;" Alfred Maury, of the Institute, "The Wars of the French and the Invasions of the Germans," claiming that French wars have been in the interests of the highest civilization, while "German wars have been ever prompted by the desire of finding room for its superabundant population!" Quatrefages, "The Prussian Race," aiming to show ethnographically that this race is not properly German, but Finnish and Sclavic, with a dash of Saxons and Huguenots; Beaulieu, "The Provinces in the War;" Pigeonneau, " Versailles During the Siege;" Bonnet, "The Imposts and Taxes;" Monnier, Switzerland During the War;" Rambaud, "Lorraine under Prussian Sway;" Blerzy, "The Campaign of the Army of the Loire ;" Beaulieu, "The Commune and Self Government;" Sorel," Prussian Discipline; Dumont, "Alsace under Prussian Rule" Laboulaye. "The Question of Two Chambers." insisting upon both; De Pressensé, "The 18 March: Paris under the Commune," a very able essay, though thoroughly anti-German, pointing out clearly the real moral causes of the French defeats, and the needs of the country for the future. M. George Sand contributes three articles: "Journal of the Impressions of the War upon a Traveller." written in her best vein, and also a novel, "Francia," written in her worst vein.

6.

M. Beaussire also has an article on the "Centenary of Hegel, 1870," in which he ascribes very much of the Prussian audacity to his influence. The same writer is the author of a book on one Dom Deschamps, whom he tried to set up and glorify as the real progenitor of the Hegelian system. Geffry, "Finland and the Kalevala: Songs and Popular Traditions of the Finns." Pierrot, "Antiphon, the First Athenian Orator." Coquerel (Athanase), "Varahagen von Ense and the Pietistic Party,' ascribing the Prussian ambition to the growth of Pietism in Prussia. Ernest Renan contributes two articles, written with his accustomed grace, on a Publicist under Philip the Fair," one Pierre Du Bois, the king's chief counsellor in his great contest with the Papacy (Boniface VIII). Du Bois was born about 1250. His writings have recently been exhumed (1864) and reported upon by De Wailly to the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres. Renan finds in him a forerunner in the application of national rights and law to resist the encroachments of the Papacy. the beginning of Gallicanism. De Coulanges, in several essays gives a clear and succinct account of the "Organization of Justice in Ancient and Medieval Times." M. H. Blerzy, under the title, "The Misadventures of a Happy People," severely criticizes the late foreign policy of England. Blanchard, "Recent Explorations in China" Pouchet, "The Functions of the Nervous System and Intelligence," etc. The best philosophical article in the Revue for the current year (March

is by M. Fernand Papillon, on "Leibnitz and Contemporary Science, apropos of Memoirs read in the Academy." It is a formal advocacy of the claims of the great German philosopher against those of Descartes, and in opposition to the prevailing methods of materialism The writer shows that something akin to the monads of Leibnitz is found in many of the philosophical schools of the day, and that his influence has penetrated into the domain of physical research. Many of his conjectures are now verified. Contrasting him with Descartes, he says: "The ideas of D. are methodically deduced, his system is severely arranged; exact lines, clear drawing prevail. In Leibnitz we have the allurements of a painting. The demon of geometry, which was said to be the evil genius of Descartes, never tormented Leibnitz." The latter lives in the realm of living forces, of organized types, of ideas; in him we find, as the sum of his doctrine, "the intimate alliance of a sublime geometry with a living sentiment of the eternal harmony of things." "The sciences of motion. of form and figure, only reveal to us the outside of the universal energy. The science of life, on the contrary, unveils to us the profound agitations of the deep, and the fair design." "Descartes, and those of our times who attempt to revive his system, deducing physics from mechanics, and physiology from physics, explaining the higher by the lower (as Auguste Comte says), proscribing all attempts to understand first principles by last principles-they all, whatever their other merits, misconceive the lessons taught by the living being under both its physiological and psychological relations. The testimony of the soul, identifying itself with life, should have made them see in all the universe the images of the soul and of life, in place of a blind and fallacious geometry. Numbers and figures do not explain all; that which explains all is the soul, because it alone grasps all, and finds in itself secret affinities with all."

In the numbers for July and August are articles by Beaussire, on the Commune; Mezieres, on Greece in 1870; Blerzy, on China in 1871; Caro, on Bohemia; Laveleye, on the Forms of Government in Modern Society; La Gravière, on the Navy (three articles); Rambaud, on the Byzantine World; Langel, the Washington Treaty of 1871, etc.

Revue Chrétienne. 1871. Vol. 18. Jan. to Aug. The publication of this excellent Review has been resumed, still edited by De Pressensé, Bersier, etc. The chief articles are: M. Lelievre on Alexander Vinet; L. Rey. The Death Penalty; Pédézert, The Princes of Condé in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Frossard, The Correspondence of Lamennais; Pozzy, The Antiquity of Man; Fargues, Washington's Mission and Character; Lichtenberger, Protestantism and the War of 1870; Roller, The Revolution and the Church; Pressensé, the True Religious Authority, Naples in December, 1869, an Address on Public Safety, Reviews of Public Af fairs, etc.

A new volume, the fourth. of Bersier's Sermons is announced; also a translation of Dorner's History of Protestant Theology by Paumier ; Madame Wm. Monod, the Mission of Woman in War; Manual of the Christian Religion by Recolin, Pastor in Montpellier.

ENGLAND.

The Contemporary Review, monthly, continues to discuss the questions of the day with vigor and ability, often presenting both sides by some of their ablest advocates. Thus the question of Disestablishment is defined and argued in recent numbers by Dean Stanley on one side, and by Allon and Bayne on the other much to the advantage of the latter. The Duke of Argyll, in opposition to Darwin, shows that "Variety is an end in Nature;" Sir Alexander Grant brings the claims of metaphysics into array against Darwin; and Henry Holbeach argues against Grant on "The Origin of our Moral Ideas." Herbert Spencer contends that he proved the theory of "Mental Evolution" in 1855; and Mr. R. H. Hutton clears up the position of Spencer on our Moral Ideas.

Dr. Carpenter on the "Physiology of the Will" takes the ground that there is a specific element of power in the will, not to be resolved into other forces. Ritualism is defended on its æsthetic side by MacColl and Cheetham, and attacked on its doctrinal side by Rev. G. H. Sumner. Ruskin contributes a queer bit on the "Range of Intellectual Conception Proportioned to the Rank in Animated Life.' Principal Tulloch on the Cambridge Platonists is interesting but not profound. Rev. J. W. Fowle in an essay on the character of Christ has some ingenious combinations and suggestions. The treatise by Dr. Dorner of Berlin on Gallicanism and the New Dogma of Infallibility is learned and able. The British and Foreign Evangelical Review for July reprints from our Review Prof. Blackburn's article on Calvinism in the English Reformation; it also contains articles on the Buddhist Revolution in India by Dr. Wilson of Bombay; Discussions on the Doctrine of the Divine Wrath, by Rev. S. F. D. Salmond; the Modern Reformers of the Roman Catholic Church, by Rev. C. de Faye; the Origin of Primitive Sacrifice, by Rev. R. R. G. Balfour; Progress of Biblical Archæology, by S. Birch, LL.D.; German Catholics in Conflict with Rome, by Rev. John Gibb; Non-Self Consciousness, by Rev. R. M. Edgar.

The British Quarterly Review, July. 1. The Roman Empire. 2. Theism. 3. Hugh Miller. 4. Hereditary Legislators. 5. The Genius of Nonconformity and the Progress of Society. 6. Jowett's Translation of Plato. 7. Miall's Motion on Disestablishment. 8. Contemporary Literature.

R. H. Hutton's "Essays, Theological and Literary," reprinted from the National Review, etc., in 2 vols., attract a good deal of attention. Among the topics discussed are, the Moral Significance of Atheism; the Atheistic Explanation of Religion; Science and Theism; Popular Pantheism; the Historical Problem of the Fourth Gospel; the Incarnation and Principles of Evidence; Göthe and his Influence. Mr. Hutton is in the main an advocate of Maurice's general views. His great principle is, "that all beliefs about God are but inadequate intellectual attempts to justify a belief in Him, which is never a merely intellectual affirmation, but rather a living act of the spirit, by no means confined to those who consciously confess his presence."

Dr. J. H. Newman is preparing a new and enlarged edition of his "History of Arianism."

Mr. Bagster announces, the Pentateuch according to the Talmud, by P. J. Hershon and M Margoliouth, LL.D., Genesis, 21, s.: The Poetry of the Hebrew Pentateuch by Margoliouth; the Scripture Ethics of Basil, translated by Rev. J M. Maguire; Peschito-Syriac, New Test.-with translation; Clementine Vulgate with Douay translation of 1582; Greek New Test. with analysis of the whole of the Verbs in parallel columns; New Test. newly translated by J. B. Rotheram.

The Clarendon Press has brought out a new and complete edition of Bishop Berkeley's Works, 3 vols, with his Life and Letters and an Account of his Philosophy, by Prof. A. C. Fraser. It is altogether the best edition of Berkeley. The life is full, and the literature of the Berkleian Controversy is quite complete. The most important part of the new matter is Berkeley's youthful Common-place Book, begun when he was about twenty years old, which gives some clues as to the origin and growth of his speculations.

Lord Acton's famous article on the "Vatican Council" in the North British, Oct. 1870, has been translated into German, and published at Munich.

By the "Shaftesbury Papers," lately given to the Record Office, it is proved beyond a doubt that John Locke was the Author of the "Constitutions for the Government of Carolina." They appear in Locke's hand-writing, with numerous corrections from his pen. The MS. volume in which these are found also contains other papers by Locke, on the History of England, and on the Roman Commonwealth, and the MS. of the "Essay on Toleration," with the date of 1667; it has heretofore been assigned to 1683 when Locke was in Holland.