with descriptions of these "Military Sports and Pastimes." This is illustrated by a woodcut depicting little pigs, dressed up, playing in school. The severest comment however is the cartoon (full-page), "Selling Out," in the same number. This represents a young officer in uniform, with "46" on his shoulder-belt, saying to a regular Bill Sykes of a coster monger : My good fellow, I think I shall sell out. Will you buy my commission ? Have it a bargain." To which the coster replies: "Why, thank'ee, obliged for the offer; but the fact is, all my life I've been 'customed to the society of gen'l'men."

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One result of the inquiry was that the 46th were delayed sailing for the Crimea, the regiment (with the exception of two companies) arriving too late to take part in the earlier operations of the campaign, including the battles of the Alma and Inkerman. T. F. D.

66

"Now THEN!" (12 S. v. 295). The N.E.D." gives the following references :c. 1000. Ags. Ps. (Thorpe), xxxiii. 8. c. 1485. Digby Myst. (1882), iii. 1970 :— Now thanne, yower puer blyssyng gravnt us tylle. c. 1500. Melusine, 238 :Now thenne, noble cousyne, seace your wepyng. ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

The N.E.D.' describing this as frequent in modern use begins with a quotation from the Anglo-Saxon Psalter (c. 1000), the next instance given being from the Digby Mysteries' (c. 1485). One is reminded of the governess who taught Latin conversationally and was heard to exhort her pupils with Nunc tunc !" EDWARD BENSLY.

[MR. A. R. BAYLEY and MR. N. W. HILL also thanked for replies.]

LEWKNOR FAMILY (12 S. v. 201).-Probably George Lewkner the Winchester scholar took the degree of M.D. at Padua, for he went there in the company of Fr. Robert Persons, S.J., in 1574, and afterwards became M.D. The Winchester Scholar and New College Fellow Luke Atslowe (brother to Edward Atslowe, M.D., as to whom see the 'D.N.B.') also went in their company to Padua, where he died in the following year (see Cath. Rec. Soc., ii. 23).

John Lewkenor was rector of Broadwater from 1521 to 1541.

One Nicholas Lewkenor, who may have been the Winchester Scholar of 1529, became rector of Rusper in 1560 and vicar of Westham in 1574, being succeeded at Westham

There was a Thomas Lewkenor who was Vicar of Hamsey from 1563 to 1568/9. Probably this was the person of this namewho matriculated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1557/8, and took the degree of B.A. in 1562/3. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

THE ANGLO - FRENCH DE SANCTIS ': ST. BETHOTHE EN COPLAND (12 S. v. 281). - Under this designation seems to be concealed the name of the saint who has given her name to the westernmost headland of Cumberland (St. Bees Head), to the little village which nestles at its foot (Kirkby Beacock or St. Bees) and to the leading public school in Cumberland. The name Begogh or Begoth is said by Denton to be Irish and to mean, little, young. The form Bega is the most common, and has prevailed at least from the date of the foundation of the priory early in the twelfth century. Copland or Coupland is the great barony also called the barony of Egremont which extends from the Derwent to the Duddon along the Cumberland coast.

HIDDEN NAMES IN DEDICATIONS, &C., TO ELIZABETHAN BOOKS (12 S. vi. 10). The following works should be found useful: Henry Benjamin Wheatley, The Dedica tions of Books,' cr. 8vo, 1887. Rudolf Graefenhain, De more libros dedicandi apud scriptores Græcos et Romanos obvio,' 8vo, 1892. H. G. HARRISON.

BISHOPS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY (12 S. iv. 330; v. 107, 161, 273).—At the penultimate reference I stated that the succession of Irish bishops was very uncertain, and the See of Dromore seems to furnish another instance of a disputed bishop, besides William who is stated to occur in 1491. This was John who as John Dromorens, Bishop (translated as John Bishop of Dromore) was Rector of St. Mary Somerset, London, from some time after 1415 to his death between April and June,

Essex, but at present I cannot furnish the correct dates. His will, dated April 1, 1433, and proved June 12, 1433, is at Lambeth, and in it he desires burial in the Church of St. Mary, Somerset, where he was Rector. Brady in his Episcopal Succession' says that there was no John Bishop of Dromore at this time. Is any reader aware of any up-to-date published work, or MSS. which deals with these matters ? or the name of any living person who is an authority on such? It is quite possible that Dromorens may be a foreign bishopric. If so, where is it? J. W. FAWCETT.

Consett, co. Durham.

ANN OF SWANSEA (12 S. v. 322). This lady was Ann Kemble (Mrs. Curtis), a sister of Mrs. Siddons. A brief and unpleasing account of her is given in the Dict. Nat. Biog. in the article on Mrs. Siddons. Further details may be found on p. 193 of * Mrs. Siddons' (" Eminent Women Series ") by Mrs. Arthur Kennard. C. S. C.

Mrs. Anne Hatton wrote about a dozen novels between 1810 and 1831, under the name of Anne of Swansea. She was the sister of Kemble the actor and of Mrs. Siddons. C. B. WHEELER.

The authorship of the Adventures' of the above was dealt with at 10 S. xii, 417, and 11 S. i, 73, with references to earlier volumes of N. & Q.' W. B. H.

Allebone, in his 'Dictionary of Authors,' states, "This fictitious narrative was written by Benjamin Victor."

However, some years ago I ran across an item which states that the author was R. Chetwood, which was so conclusive that I so entered it in the catalogue of my library.

I cannot recall at this date the full particulars which led to the above entry. GEORGE MERRYWEATHER.

Illinois.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

CAPT. ROBERT BOYLE: BRITISH PRIVATEER (12 S. v. 294, 329).-This rubbish has been attributed to William Rufus Chetwood

(f. 1766) and to Benjamin Victor (f. 1778), the first a dramatist and prompter, the other an ex-barber and poet laureate for Ireland. Chetwood seems to be the more popular claimant. The lives of both in the 'D.N.B.' are sufficiently depressing. See Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature and Halkett and Laing's Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain.' Lowndes, who has been followed by the late Mr. Joseph Knight, gives 1728 as the date of the first edition. It should be 1726: there is a copy of it in the British Museum. The one claim to notice of The Voyages and Adventures of Captain Robert Boyle' is that the book is mentioned in the Essays of Elia.

"We had classics of our own, without being beholden to insolent Greece or haughty Rome, that passed current among us-Peter Wilkins, The Adventures of the Hon. Capt. Robert Boyle, The Fortunate Blue-coat Boy,' and the like.'

by J. Brooking Rowe, F.S.A., &c. It consists of 198 quarto pages and was printed by Brendon & Son in 1878.

I saw a copy recently in the window of a secondhand bookseller. W. S. B. H.

If there is any part of this country which NORTH OF ENGLAND (12 S. v. 317).— may be technically described as the North of England, it is probably that portion which lies within the jurisdiction of the His territory is the Norroy King-of-Arms. A. T. W. area lying north of the Trent.

LEPER'S WINDOWS: Low SIDE WINDOW

(12 S. vi. 14). Where a window of this kind exists it is generally to be found in the lower part of one of the side walls of a chancel. The lower half, or the whole of it being usually closed with a shutter. Its ritualistic or other use is still uncertain. A good deal has been written about the subject of these windows during the last fifty years. The chief theories concerning these windows are these: (a) They may be leper's windows, but this is highly unlikely. The idea that English medieval lepers were communicated through them, or through

seems to be untenable for the following reasons: (1) No one from outside could as a rule see the altar through these wall openings -much less receive the Sacrament through them. Three or four examples have been found of undoubted "low side windows upper chapels. (2) Windows such as these are often to be found in churches which were

in

quite near to old Lazar hospitals with their own chapel and priest for the special use of the lepers. (3) The ninth canon of Pope Alexander III. specially enacts that as lepers cannot use the churches or church yards commonly resorted to, they shall gather together in certain places and have a church and burial place of their own with a priest to minister to their wants.

(b) A lamp may have been lit within to scare away ghosts or evil spirits. This is, however, improbable.

(c) Confessions may have been heard through them of persons not allowed to enter the church. This idea also seems to be impossible.

(d) A sanctus bell may have been rung thereform at the time of Mass to inform those in the vicinity of the Elevation of the Host. This theory would appear to have most evidence to support it. For illustrated articles on this subject see The Antiquary, vols xxi. and xxii.; J. J. Cole in Journal of the Arch. Institute, March, 1848; P. M. Johnston in Trans. of St. Paul's Eccles. Soc., vol. iv. 263; J. H. Parker in the Arch. Journal vol. iv., December, 1847; J. Piggott in The Reliquary, vol. ix. 9, 1868; and J. P. Hodgson in Archaeologia Aeliana for 1901. H. G. HARRISON.

Aysgarth, Sevenoaks.

F. W. will find an interesting article on 'Low Side Windows,' more particularly in Sussex churches, in vol. xli. of The Sussex Archæological Collections, 1898.

PERCY HULBURD. [REV. J. HARVEY BLOOM also thanked for reply.]

ENSIGN OLIVER CROMWELL: CROMWELL

PRICE (12 S. v. 292, 331).—Mark Noble, in 'Memoirs of the Protectoral House of Cromwell,' 1787, gives, in vol. i., p. 127, the following particulars about Ensign Oliver Cromwell, a great grandson of the Protector. He was the son of Henry Cromwell, 16581711, and a grandson of Henry Cromwell, 1627-1673, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. 8th child. Oliver, born at Gray's Inn, London, Sept. 23, 1704.

He, like his father, served in the British Army, and was an ensign in an Irish regiment, but, disliking his situation, he resigned his commission and spent the remainder of his life in privacy and retirement. He died Aug. 4, 1748, unmarried.

Clutterbuck, in his History of Herts" (vol. ii., p. 98) states further that this same Oliver Cromwell was buried at Bunhill Fields.

In the Cromwell room in the London Museum, in Sir Richard Tangye's collection, is a genealogical tree of the Cromwell family, the latter part of which (1602-1791) is the work of Rev. Mark Noble.

I find no mention of Cromwell Price, and presume that he was not a lineal descendant. of the Protector. O. KING SMITH.

LORD JOHN VAUGHAN: DEHANY (12 S.. v. 268, 330). There seems to have been twobranches of the Dehany family at one time The one referred: settled in the West Indies. to by your correspondent was probably the head of the family. The other held property in Barbadoes, and of this branch Philip Salter Dehany came to this country, and after living sometime in Herts, purchased Hayes Place, Kent, where the first Earl of Chatham had lived and died. Philip Dehany had an only daughter Mary Salter, who was to have married the eleventh Earl of Caithness. He died suddenly on the eve of his marriage. Miss Dehany never married, but adopted a daughter of Lady Janet Sinclair (Trail), niece af her intended husband, to whom she bequeathed Hayes Place and the

L. G. R.

"EST MELIUS NUNQUAM,' &c. (12 S. v. 317). The reference in "T. Wats. Am. Quer. 7" is to Thomas Watson's 'Amyntas (1585) which is divided into eleven Querelae." See W. W. Greg's Pastoral Poetry,'

p. 111

Sheffield.

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G. C. MOORE SMITH.

'Amyntas' is described by Sir Sidney Lee in the D.N.B.' as distant paraphrase" of Tasso's Aminta,'

a

EDWARD BENSLY.

CAPT. J. C. GRANT-DUFF (12 S. vi. 13),A good account of Grant-Duff is given in the Taylers' Book of the Duffs, 1914 (p. 495), with a clear genealogical table of his mother's family and of his own descendants (p. 496). On the maternal side he was descended from the Duffs of Braco. One of Grant-Duff's grandsons is Sir Evelyn GrantDuff, Framlingham, and his granddaughter is Mrs. Huth Jackson, 64 Rutland Gate. J. M. BULLOCH.

37 Bedford Square, W.C.1. SHIP'S YARDS A'-COCK-BILL ON GOOD FRIDAY (12 S. vi. 15). The yards of a ship are said to be a'-cock-bill when they are placed at an angle to the deck, which is done as a symbol of mourning. See the N.E.D.,' sub voce. A quotation from Dana's Two Years before the Mast' is there given, as follows: On Good Friday she had all her yards a-cock-bill, which is customary among Catholic vessels." This, no doubt, is the American sea story of Californian ports eighty years ago referred to by MR. LUCAS. T. F. D.

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elevators when going alongside a wharf. It is done by slacking away the lifts on one side and hauling down on the other, which brings

nearly vertical. As a sign of mourning I cannot say when the custom originated or if it is still done. J. W. DAMER-POWELL.

Royal Societies Club. [REV. H. F. B. COMPSTON also thanked for reply.] TRADESMEN'S CARDS AND BILLHEADS (12 S. v. 317).-About a century ago, more or less (I have no means of reference at hand), Directory of Birmingham,' appeared a demy octavo, engraved throughout on copperplate (so far as the advertisements went) consisting of trade cards, and an of Warwickshire work it was. exceedingly interesting and attractive bit No doubt

a copy exists in the Birmingham Central Reference Library.

About the same period, or a little later,White & Co. issued a number of county directories, thick octavo in size, and these had many advertisements at the end, In the neatly engraved on copper or steel. early part of the nineteenth century, it was a common practice for tradesmen to have their letter-headings and invoices engraved, often with a view of their premises at the top, and this custom still survives with oldestablished firms. It extends overseas, for as I write, two samples are before me, of old-fashioned letter headings: (1) Montreal Cottons, Ltd., of Valleyfield, Canada; (2) Collins Inlet Lumber Co. of Toronto.

A good example of the copperplate style of 1800, or earlier, is seen in the letterhead of the Standard Bank of South Africa. of 10 Clements Lane, Lombard Street,

showing a circular engraving of Britannia, holding an unfurled royal standard, on the seashore and gazing at shipping on the horizon. W. JAGGARD, Capt.

WILLIAM HOORDE (12 S. v. 179, 241).—Is · there anything to connect our William Hoorde wth the following Berkshire recusants of 1592-3 ?" Willelmas Hourde ruper de Buckleburie gen.' Johannes Hourde de Letcombe Regis"; "Maria Hourde uxor Willelmi Hourde." (See Cath. Rec. Soc.,. xviii. 12). JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

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BIRD-SCARING SONGS (12 S. v. 98, 132, 160, 246).-The following is a bird boy's song. from the county of Durham :—

Shoo, birds, shoo!
Fly away from here,

Leave the corn and wheat alone;
Or if you stop and take a feed,
Take no more than what you need,
For you must not waste a stone,
Or my master I will fear.
Shoo, birds, shoo!