(R) Statement of the Weekly Expenditure of a Family consisting of Husband Wife,& three Children,whose total Wages average 30s. per Week. 84-lb loaves (32 lbs) 54d ₺ 4 Ibs 0 3 8 Gd 4 b 0 pk 0-0 10 | 1s 64 ₺ pk 0 doz 0 0 10 1s 10d ₺ dz 0 a peck of meal a doz (6 lbs) flouri Butcher's Meat & Bacon: £ s d 408d4 hs0 5 8 0 918 4d pk 0 0 8 0 11 2s 4d dz0 1 2 0 1s score 0 11s 93d quart 93d score 10 20 quart 0 19 2110 lb of tea DO 10 016 10 19 008 " (S.)--Population of England and Wales-of the County of Lancaster. and of the Manchester Districts-from 1801 to 1851. THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. BY MR. SAMUEL PERCY. Superintendent of the British and Magnetic Telegraph Company, Manchester. [Abstract of a Lecture delivered in the Friends' Institute, Manchester.] THE Lecturer commenced by describing the modes of telegraphing at the earliest date, which consisted of bells, speaking trumpets, flags, mirrors, and beacon fires. The latter mode was used as late as the peninsular war, to telegraph the news of victory or defeat from one part of the kingdom to the other. Beacon fires were abandoned when the semaphore or aerial telegraph was invented. Amontons, a Frenchman, appears to have been the first to render a semaphore telegraph available for practical purposes; the secret consisted by placing, in several consecutive stations, persons who, by means of telescopes, having perceived certain signals at the preceding station transmitted them to the next, and so on in succession, and these signals indicated so many letters of the alphabet to form the telegraph code; but as he could not prevail on the government of France to patronise his invention, it was never practically adopted. A host of inventors followed,-Marcel, Linquet, Dupius, Bergstrasser, and others, the whole of whose inventions appear to have shared the fate of Amontons'. At last Claude Chappe, a young man at Angers, constructed an apparatus, a post with a revolving beam and circulatory arms, with which he conveyed signals from one place to another with great rapidity. This system was adopted by the French Government about 1794, and was very extensively used up to the time it was superseded by the electric telegraph. The lecturer then |