and affection, show me any man that was ever yet converted unto God by the Service-book,-for I never either heard of, or saw one ;-or show me any that was ever built up in the knowledge of God by it, or of those duties that concern himself or his neighbour; or that by the hearing or reading of it every day, did increase in the knowledge, I say, or practice, of Christianity; or in love to God or to the brethren? I desire to see but one of those men that have been the most diligent service-mongers forty years together, that hath learned any other thing but We beseech thee to hear us, good Lord!" Be it remembered, this is Bastwick's language, not ours; yet what can be said against him after the condemnation passed by an affectionate son of the United Church of England and Ireland, the Rev. H. J. Bailey, Perpetual Curate of Drighlington, near Leeds, in " The Liturgy compared with the Bible; &c." 2nd Edit. 1835. 8vo. Vol. 2. Pref., that " It is too apparent that these Services are seldom regarded as acts of Divine Worship; or that the celebration of them is attended with a view of reaping spiritual advantage from their use ?"

CHAP. XXXIII.

LAUD'S SPEECH. ANSWER TO IT.

WE purposely deferred to this place, noticing at large "A Speech delivered in the Star Chamber, on Wednesday the 14th of June, 1637; at the Censure of John Bastwick, Henry Burton, and William Prynne; concerning pretended Innovations in the Church.-By the most Reverend Father in God, William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury his Grace. 1637." 4to. pp. 77.

In the Dedication "To His Most Sacred Majesty," Laud writes, "I had no purpose to come in print, but your Majesty commands it, and I obey. Most sorry am I for the occasion that induced me to speak, and that since hath moved you to command me to print... I humbly desire Your Sacred Majesty to protect me and it from the undeserved Calumny of those men whose mouths are spears and arrows, and their tongues a sharp sword': though, as the Wise-man speaks, Their foolish mouths have already called for their own stripes, and their lips and pens-been a snare for their souls. The occasion which led me to this speech is known. There have, of late, been divers Libels spread against the Prelates of this Church and they have not been more bitter, which is the shame of these 'raging waves,'d than they are utterly false, which is our happiness. But I must humbly beseech Your Majesty to consider that it is not we only, that is, the Bishops, that are struck at; but, through our sides, Your Majesty, -Your

Only twenty copies printed." Bibliographer's Manual, &c. By W. T. Lowndes. 1834. 8vo. vol. iii. p. 1100. Twenty-five copies were printed in French, 4to. Ibid. b Psal. lvii. 4. c Prov. xviii. 6, 7. "Whensoever it shall please his Grace to consider the words immediately going before those which he citeth, namely, that ' It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to cause the righteous to fall in judgment,' ver. 5.; his conscience may haply tell him that he wresteth the sense of the words cited by applying them to the words or writs of the poor men that he hath caused to suffer." Divine and Politic Observations, p. 1, ubi infra. d Jude 13.

For, what

Honour, Your Safety, Your Religion,-is impeached. 'safety' can you expect, if you lose the hearts of your People? And how can you retain their hearts, if you change their Religion' into Superstition? And what honour' can you hope for, either present, or derivative to posterity, if you attend your Government no better than to suffer Your Prelates to put this 'change' upon You? And, what 'majesty' can any Prince retain, if he lose his honour' and his People Pa "God be thanked, it is in all points otherwise with You: for God hath blessed you with a religious heart, and not subject to change.' And he hath filled you with Honour in the eyes of Your People: and by their Love and Dutifulness, He hath made you safe. So that Your Majesty is upheld, and your Crown flourishing, in the eyes of Christendom. And, God forbid, any Libellous blast at home, from the tongues or pens of a few, should shrivel up any growth of these.b

"We have received, and daily do receive, from God, many and great blessings by you. And I hope they are not many that are unthankful to you, or to God for you. And that there should be none, in a populous Nation, even enemies to their own Happiness, cannot be expected. Yet I shall desire even these, to call themselves to an account; and to remember, that blasphemy against God, and slandering the footsteps of his Anointed,' are joined together...d

"The mention-making, yea, the reproaching and condemning those actions of Bishops, which argue a probability of their intention to labour Innovation in religion, is no striking of the King, through the Bishops' sides.' As the Christian religion hath been brought into the Dominions of many Princes, so alterations have been made in it sometimes against their wills, and sometimes without their knowledge, by artifice and cunning of Churchmen!.. If Prelates, teaching, by their writings, the Popish doctrine mentioned by Sancta Clara, be no impeaching of his Majesty's safety, honour, and religion,'.. what Prelates dare do or have done, other subjects may say they do or have done, without being obnoxious to the imputation of striking through their sides' at the King, or of impeaching his honour, majesty, safety, and religion!' Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 2, 3.-"The book of Sancta Clara the Popish priest, in Defence of Bishops; which came out, piping hot, much about the same time that one of our own Prelates, out of an ominous fear, had writ on the same argument; as if they had joined their forces, like good confederates, to support one falling Babel." Milton, Of Reformation in England, 1641. Edit. Works 1833. roy. 8vo. p. 2. Apologia Episcoporum seu Sacra Magistratus Propugnatio. -Colon. 8vo. The author, under the name of Franciscus à St. Clara, "was a brother of John Davenport, of New England." Dodd's Church History, chiefly with regard to Catholics. 1742. fo. vol. iii. p. 103. See back p. 557.

b"The love and dutifulness' whereby his Majesty is safe,' is not that which is professed unto him, and expressed in the smooth and fair words of such as, by sundry artifices, have got much benefit, or some fat Benefices, from him; or of such Sycophants and Parasites of [the] Court, as still hunt after them but only that, which is bred in religious hearts by the zeal of that religion which, as well the late Parliament, as many of his Majesty's best Subjects, show a fear of innovation of." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 3.

:

"Of Bishops, and such as have had great benefits, or Benefices, from his Majesty, there are many more unthankful' to him, than amongst all those that had never one groat of benefit, or place of power, from him, in the rule of either Church or State!" Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 4.

d Psal. lxxxix. 50., Com. Prayer." In the place cited by his Grace, blasphemy against God, and slandering the Lord's Anointed, are not joined together; for the words, both according to the original, and as they are translated, in the translation commanded by King James, can be and are but these,

"But then, as I desire them to remember, so I do most humbly beseech your Majesty to account with Yourself too; and not to measure your People's love by the unworthiness of those few. For a loyal and obedient People you have, and such as will spare nor Livelihood nor Life to do You service; and are joyed at the heart to see the Moderation of your Government, and your constancy to maintain Religion, and your piety in exampling it.

"And as I thus beseech You for your People in general, so do I particularly for the Three Professions which have a little suffered in these Three most notorious Libellers' Persons.a

"And first, for my own Profession, I humbly beg of your Majesty to think Mr. Burton hath not, in this, many followers; and am heartily sorry he would needs lead: the best is, your Majesty knows what made his Rancour swell! I'll say no more. And, for the Law, I truly honour it with my heart, and believe Mr. Prynne may seek all the Inns of Court-and with a candle too, if he will-and scarce find such a Malevolent as himself against State and Church. And because he hath so frequently thrust mistaken Law into these Pamphlets, to wrong the Governors of the Church, and abuse your good and well-minded People; and makes Burton and Bastwick utter Law which, God knows, they understand not,―for I doubt his pen is in all the pamphlets,—I do humbly, in the Church's name, desire of your Majesty, That it may be resolved by all the Reverend Judges of England, and then published by your Majesty, That our Keeping Courts, and issuing Process in our own Names, and the like Exceptions formerly taken, and now renewed, are not against the Laws of the Realm, as it is most certain they are not [!].-That so, the Church Governors may go on cheerfully in their duty, and the People's minds be quieted by this assurance, That neither the Law, nor their Liberty, as Subjects, is thereby infringed.

Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O Lord; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.' ver. 51. It is true, that in the Book of Common Prayer, the word thee' is foisted in; whereunto, if his Grace do rather cleave than to the Bible, certainly he so blotteth, blemisheth and slandereth the Bible; while he seeketh a text in Scripture for giving lustre and grace to the imputation he casteth upon those men whom he accuseth of slandering." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 4.

"It cannot be made appear, that any of the Three Professions' have suffered by any act of the Defendants done against the King's honour, benefit, or power; but by practice of his Grace." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 5.

b" Counsel, of the command, which he adviseth his Majesty to lay upon 'the Reverend Judges'; not only law and reason, but the King's honour likewise would mightily suffer [by]. .... To prescribe them, what to resolve, is not compatible with his Majesty's wisdom and honour: . . seeing, upon the 12th of June, it was ordered by his Majesty's High Court of Star Chamber, that the opinion of the Judges should be taken in the particulars, which he desireth his Majesty to cause them [to] resolve and publish; it seemeth strange, that in this Epistle Dedicatory of his Grace's most reverend Speech pronounced two days thereafter, his Grace willeth his Majesty to cause them resolve what is here craved; for as it seemeth not to be pertinent to crave that his Majesty command the Judges to deliberate, or consider the matter, after he hath done it; so the matter, being referred to their consideration, it seemeth not pertinent to 'desire' his Majesty to command what he will have them to resolve.” Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 5.

"And for Physic, the Profession is honourable and safe; and I know the Professors of it will remember, that' corpus humanum,' man's body, is that about which their art is conversant, not' corpus Ecclesiasticum' or 'Politicum,' the body of the Church, State, or Commonwealth. Bastwick only hath been bold that way. But the proverb in the Gospel is all I'll say to him, Physician, heal thyself."a And yet let me tell your Majesty, I believe he hath gained more by making the Church a Patient, than by all the Patients he ever had beside !b

"Sir;-both myself and my Brethren have been very coarsely used by the tongues and pens of these men, yet shall I never give your Majesty any sour counsel: I shall rather magnify your Clemency, that proceeded with these Offenders in a Court of Mercy [!] as well as Justice since, as the Reverend Judges then declared, You might have justly called the Offenders into another Court, and put them to it in a way that might have exacted their Lives [!], for the stirring, as much as in them lay, of mutiny and sedition. Yet this I shall be bold to say, and your Majesty may consider of it in your Wisdom, That one way of Government is not always fit or safe, when the humours of the People are in a continual change. Especially, when such men as these shall work upon your People, and labour to infuse into them such malig

a Luke iv. 23.—" As 'man's body' is that about which the 'art' of Physic is 'conversant'; so the Gospel, and man's spiritual good by the preaching of it, not corpus physicum aut politicum, is that about which the art' and calling of Churchmen ought to be conversant. For albeit I can hardly agree to Erasmus, where he writeth, that as Crocodilus anceps animal, nunc in terris, nunc in aquis degit, in terra ponit ova, in aqua prædatur et insidiatur, ita qui et aulici sunt et Ecclesiastici, utrobique pestilentes;' yet I dare not but reverence the judgment of so learned a man where he writeth, Quemadmodum mulus ex equo et asino conflatus, nec equus est nec asinus, ita quidam dum aulici esse volunt et Ecclesiastici, neutrum sunt,"" Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 7.

"There is no Bishop that hath not 'gained more' by conversing in matters political, and plying the ways of Courts; and by working upon the trust they get sometimes with good Princes, sometimes with weak Subjects; than any of them hath ever got by labouring in the Word and Doctrine;' for which, the Apostle saith, double honour' is due to Churchmen, whom he designeth by the name of Presbyteri'; 1 Tim. v. 17." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 7.

་

"If they had had any such end, they could have employed their tongues and pens in such way as Bishops and Prelates used for stirring of sedition and mutiny' against such of his Majesty's predecessors, kings of England, as they made the People believe to be either neglecters of Parliaments, or maintainers of the malversation of their officers. Where his Grace saith that the Defendants might' have been called 'unto another Court,' and 'their lives exacted,' he says very true; for, as our Saviour told his disciples, Matt. x. 17. that men would deliver them up' to the Councils,' and 'scourge' them in their Synagogues,' without saying that they should convince them of any crime; so, doubtless, his Grace could have caused the Defendants to be called into another Court, and scourged and put to death! Though it is not in the power of any man to make appear, either by law or reason, that the deeds for which he hath got them to be censured are, in their own nature, either crimes or faults." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 7.

"The maxim is good and the Defendants wish that his Majesty would 'change' the course of his Clemency against such as labour for any 'change,' either in Religion or State, that may prejudice him either in the opinion and affection of his Subjects, or in respect amongst Foreigners." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 8.

nant principles, to introduce a Parity in the Church or Commonwealth. Et, si non satis suâ sponte insaniant instigare,' and, to spur on such among them as are too sharply set already: and, by this means, make and prepare all advantages for the Roman party to scorn Us, and pervert them. I pray God bless Your Majesty..." W. CANT."

What Heylyn, Laud's Chaplain, calls "a base and libellous Answer" to the pretended copy of Laud's Speech, will here follow in its order, but not to be dismissed so briefly as by Heylyn, who says, "I shall not trouble myself any more about it than by a transcript of the title!"

"Divine and Politic Observations: Newly translated out of the Dutch Language, wherein they were lately divulged,-upon some Lines in the Speech of the Arch. B. of Canterbury, pronounced in the Star-Chamber upon 14th June, 1637. Very expedient for preventing all Prejudice, which, as well through Ignorance, as through Malice and Flattery, may be incident to the judgment which men make thereby, either of his Grace's power over the Church, and with the King, or of the Equity, Justice, and Wisdom of his End in his said Speech, and of the reasons used by Him for attaining to his said End. Prov. xxvi. 28. Printed in the year of our Lord 1638." 4to. pp. 62.

Our end being not accordant to the Chaplain's, we shall,-besides what we have appended in the form of notes to Laud's Dedication, from this pamphlet,-give ourselves so much further" trouble" about it, as will serve to show in what consideration the Archbishop and his Speech were held by contemporaries, whether at home or abroad.

The Author writes in his Dedicatory Epistle, " I have adventured to lay at your feet, open to your gracious view, the Judgment which is made of your Grace's said Speech, by men of best understanding and moderation; as well in hope to give your Grace contentment hereby, as in confidence to give satisfaction to such as, by your Grace's greatness, are either scared to look upon, or affrighted to judge of, the mysteries both of religion and politic government, which your Grace's said gracious Speech implieth.-Your Grace's true Friend, though unknown, THEOPHILUS.'

The Translator informs "the Reader," that "There are many who,

"They that would introduce a parity' in the Commonweal' ought to be esteemed as well enemies to the ordinance of God for human Government, as Churchmen that pretend authority over their brethren, jure divino,' are transgressors of our Saviour's rule in that point of Church-government." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 8.

b Advantages' are prepared for the Roman party,' to 'scorn' some, and 'pervert' others, by those that abuse the name of the King's authority for satisfying their own spleen, vanity, or other ends; in silencing, banishing, imprisoning, fining, pilloring, or putting to death, such as refuse to offer any worship either to image, altar, or sacrament; to admit of the Mass in English; or to acknowledge a necessity of a white surplice, or any other Pagan, Popish, or Jewish Ceremony for Divine Worship: and such as write against the Pope's pretended power, and demonstrate him, as King James did, to be the Antichrist;' and such as write against that doctrine which Sancta Clara citeth and proveth out of the Authors before mentioned, to be coincident with the Romish; and withal countenance such as by politic writing, maintain l'opish religion, or preach new doctrine in matter of faith." Div. and Pol. Obs. p. 8. Life of Land, p. 340.