THE

ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

Α

DICTIONARY

OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL

INFORMATION

ELEVENTH EDITION

VOLUME XVIII

MEDAL to MUMPS

NEW YORK

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY

1911

Ref
AE
5

.E36
1910a
V. 18

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1911,

by

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XVIII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL

CONTRIBUTORS,' WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. Ca.

A. E. G.

A. E. S.

A. F. P.

ARTHUR CAYLEY, LL.D., F.R.S.

See the biographical article, CAYLEY, ARTHUR.

REV. ALFRED ERNEST GARVIE, M.A., D.D.

Principal of New College, Hampstead. Member of the Board of Theology and the
Board of Philosophy, London University. Author of Studies in the inner Life of
Jesus; &c.

ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.

{Monge, Gaspard.

Miracle.

{

Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Mesozoa.
Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

ALPERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893- Morton, John.
1901. Lothian Prizeman (Oxford), 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of
England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.

Dominion Archivist of Canada. Member of the Geographical Board of Canada.
Author of The Cradle of New France; &c. Joint-editor of Documents relating to the Mercier, Honoré.
Constitutional History of Canada.

Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United Independent College,

Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University and Member of Mysore Missions (in part).

Educational Service.