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A PORTRAIT OF TALLEYRAND.

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189

and often wake up one of his secretaries to keep him company or to talk of business. At four o'clock he will go to bed; and, although he retires so late, at six or seven a he wakes and sends for his attendants.3 He constantly refers to the period when he was Minister for 5 Foreign Affairs, and when his power to live without sleep enabled him to go out and seek information as well as pleasure in society till twelve or one o'clock. At that hour he returned to his office, read over all the letters that had arrived in the day, put marginal indications of the answers to be given; and then on awaking again 10 at six, read over all the letters written in consequence of his orders.

. . Talleyrand is not a man of imagination nor of invention. He never could make an extempore speech in his life. His forte is,12 his impassibility and his cool and perfect judgment. He is very silent, and is always stimulating those who approach him to talk on the important subjects 13 of the day. He will listen for hours to 14 the opinions of men of mediocrity,15 and out of 16 all he hears makes up those webs in which other politicians get involved 17 like giddy flies.

The Morning Post.

1 Keep him company, lui tenir compagnie-2 he will go to bed, il se couche (see note a, p. 54)-3 sends for his attendants, envoie chercher ses gens- the period when, l'époque où-5 for, de-6 and when, et que-7 power, faculté 8 put marginal indications of, indiquait en marge- to be given, à donner-10 and then on awaking again, et à son réveil—11 he never, etc......life, jamais de sa vie il n'a pu improviser un discours-12 his forte is, sa supériorité réside dans subjects, questions-14 he will listen for hours to, il écoute des heures entières-15 of mediocrity, médiocres-16 out of, de-17 get involved, viennent s'empêtrer.

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a O'clock is often thus dropped in English, but heure or heures must be expressed in French. It is the reverse with the word minutes, when the number is 5, 10, 15, etc.-Ex.: "20 minutes to 6," "6 heures moins 20."

DOMESTIC AFFECTION.

Among the feelings of our nature which have less of earth in them than heaven, are those which bind together the domestic circle in the various sympathies, affections, and duties which belong to this class of tender relations. It is beautiful also to observe how 3 these affections arise out of each other, and how 5 the right exercise of them tends to their mutual cultivation." The father ought to consider the son as of all earthly concerns the highest object of his anxious care; and should watch over the cultivation of his moral feelings.9 In the zealous prosecution of this great purpose, he should study to convey a clear impression 10 that he is influenced purely by a feeling of 11 solemn responsibility, and an anxious desire to promote 12 the highest interests. When parental watchfulness is thus mingled with confidence and kindness, the son will naturally learn to estimate alike the conduct itself and the principles from which it sprang,13 and will look to the faithful parent as his safest guide and counsellor, and most valued earthly 14 friend. If we extend the same principles to the relation between the mother and the daughter, they apply with equal or even greater force. In the arrangements of

1 Which have less of earth in them, qui tiennent moins de la terre -bind together......in, lient par-3 how, comme- arise out of each other, émanent les unes des autres-5 how, combien- the right, etc......cultivation, lorsque la direction en est légitime, elles tendent à se développer mutuellement-7 as of, etc......object of, comme l'objet au monde le plus digne de-8 should watch over, il doit veiller à-9 feelings, facultés-10 study to convey a clear impression, s'évertuer à faire naître la conviction-11 that he, etc...... of, qu'il n'a d'autre mobile que la conscience d'une-12 and an anxious.....to promote, et que le vif......de sauvegarder-13 from which it sprang, qui y ont présidé-14 earthly, sur la terre.

THE SALE OF INDULGENCES.

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191

society, these are thrown1 more constantly in each other's company; and that watchful superintendence may be still more habitually exercised, which, along with the great concern of cultivating the intellectual and moral being, neglects not those graces and delicacies which belong peculiarly to the female character. It is not by direct instruction alone that in such a domestic circle the highest principles and best feelings of our nature are cultivated in the minds of the young. It is by the actual exhibition of the principles themselves, and a uniform recognition 5 of their supreme importance; it is by a parental conduct, steadily manifesting the conviction, that, with every proper attention to their acquirements, accomplishments, and the comforts of life, the chief concern of moral beings relates to the life which is to come. A domestic society, bound together by these principles, can retire, as it were, from the haunts of men, and retreat within a sanctuary where the storms of the world cannot enter.7

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ABERCROMBIE, "Philosophy of the Moral Feelings."

THE SALE OF INDULGENCES.

It was from causes seemingly fortuitous, and from a

1 In the arrangements of society these are thrown, les règles de la société placent celles-ci- and, etc......cultivating, et se prêtent à un exercice encore plus habituel de cette active surveillance qui, tandis qu'elle s'occupe de l'importante culture de-3 are cultivated, etc.......young, s'inculquent dans l'esprit de la jeunesse-1 it is, etc.

..the, c'est par la manifestation pratique de ces-5 and a...... recognition, et par la proclamation......6 by a parental, etc...... life, par une conduite chez les parents qui fasse voir que, tout en apportant l'attention convenable aux connaissances de leurs enfants, à leurs talents et à leur bien-être en ce monde, ils sont fermement convaincus que-7 cannot enter, ne sauraient pénétrer (see note, p. 16).

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source very inconsiderable, that all the mighty effects of the Reformation flowed.1 Leo X., when raised 2 to the Papal throne, found the revenues of the Church exhausted by the vast projects of his ambitious predecessors, Alexander VI. and Julius II. His own temper, naturally liberal and enterprising, rendered him incapable of that severe and patient economy which the situation of his finances required. On the contrary, his schemes for aggrandizing the family of Medici, his love of splendour, his taste for pleasure, and his magnificence in rewarding men of genius, involved him daily in new expenses; in order to provide a fund for which he tried every device that the fertile invention of priests had fallen upon to drain the credulous multitude of their wealth. Among others he had recourse to a sale of indulgences. According to the doctrine of the Romish Church, all good works of the saints, over and above those which were necessary towards their own justification, are deposited, together with the infinite merits of Jesus Christ, in one inexhaustible treasury; the keys of this 10 were committed to St. Peter and to his successors, the Popes, who may open it at pleasure,11 and by transferring a portion of this superabundant merit to any particular person 12 for a sum of money, may convey to him 13 either the pardon of his own sins, or a release for any one in whose happiness he is interested 14 from

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1 That all flowed, que découlèrent tous......—2 when raised, à son élévation-3 for aggrandizing, pour l'agrandissement de—a his ..in rewarding, "the......with which he rewarded"—5 involved him......in, l'entraînèrent......à-6 in order to, etc......device, auxquelles il essaya de subvenir par tous les moyens-7 had fallen upon, avait suggérés-8 among others, entr'autres expédients-9 towards, pour-10 of this treasury"-11 at pleasure, à leur gré-12 any particular person, qui que ce soit-13 may convey to him, peuvent lui conférer-14 any one, etc......interested, literally: "some one to the happiness of whom he interests himself."

HOW LITTLE NELL SAVED HER GRANDFATHER. 193

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the pains of purgatory. Such indulgences were first invented in the eleventh century by Urban II., as a recompense for those who went in person upon 2 the meritorious enterprise of conquering the Holy Land. They were afterwards granted to those who hired a soldier for that purpose; and in process of time were bestowed on such as gave money for accomplishing any pious work enjoined by the Pope. Julius II. had bestowed indulgences on all who contributed towards 7 the Church of St. Peter at Rome. As Leo was carrying on that magnificent and expensive fabric, his grant was founded on the same pretence.

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ROBERTSON," History of Charles V."

HOW LITTLE NELL SAVED HER GRANDFATHER
FROM SHAME.

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The first idea that flashed upon Nell was flight, instant flight; dragging him from that place, and rather dying of want 10 upon the road-side, than ever exposing him again to such 11 terrible temptations. Then she remembered that the crime was not to be committed until 12 next night, and there was the intermediate time for thinking 13 and resolving what to do. Then she was distracted with 14 a horrible fear that he might be com

1 A release for..... from the pains................, la rémission des peines.............. pour......who went in person upon, qui prenaient personnellement part à-3 of conquering, de la conquête de-4 in process of time, dans le cours du temps-5 such as, ceux qui—6 for accomplishing any pious work, pour l'accomplissement de toute œuvre pieuse 7 towards, aux frais de.

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Flashed upon, frappa-9 dragging him from, l'entraîner loin de 10 of want, de faim- see note, p. 51-2 was not to be committed until, ne devait se commettre que (see notes, p. 40, and ", p. 50)— 13 and there was, etc......thinking, et qu'elle avait le temps dans l'intervalle de réfléchir-14 distracted with, tourmentée par.

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