Economics and Technological ChangeRowman & Littlefield, 1987 - 296 pages An area of neglect in much of current economic theory has been its lack of attention to the impact of technological innovation on the structure and behavior of firms and the market. This book is a comprehensive study of the economic implications of technological change for three primary institutions: the firm, the market, and the civil sector. |
Contents
1 Introduction | 3 |
12 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND INSTITUTIONS | 6 |
13 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION AND FIRM ORGANISATION | 9 |
14 STATIC AND DYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES | 14 |
15 THE PROBLEM OF AGGREGATION | 15 |
16 SOME METHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS | 17 |
17 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND PUBLIC POLICY | 19 |
The Firm Production and Technical Change | 23 |
64 HETERODOX APPROACHES | 143 |
65 AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO ECONOMIC GROWTH | 144 |
66 PASINETTIS MODEL OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE | 147 |
67 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND UNEMPLOYMENT | 149 |
68 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE | 151 |
69 CONCLUSION | 161 |
Technology and Structural Change Output and Employment in the Long Run | 163 |
72 LONG WAVES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH | 170 |
21 THE NEOCLASSICAL THEORY OF PRODUCTION | 24 |
22 POST NEOCLASSICAL THEORY OF THE FIRM | 29 |
23 MANAGERIAL MOTIVATION | 32 |
24 FIRM STRUCTURE | 34 |
25 TECHNICAL CHANGE AND THE THEORY OF THE FIRM | 39 |
26 CONCLUSION | 48 |
Research and Development in the Firm I Strategy and Structure | 50 |
32 THE THEORETICAL CONTEXT OF R D STRATEGY FORMULATION | 51 |
33 THE DETERMINATION OF THE R D BUDGET | 55 |
34 THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES TO MAJOR ACTIVITIES WITHIN R D | 60 |
35 ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES TO BROAD AREAS | 62 |
36 ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES TO OBJECTIVES WITHIN AREAS | 64 |
37 CONCLUSION | 67 |
Research and Development in the Firm II Organisation and Execution | 70 |
Project evaluation and selection | 74 |
Monitoring and control | 82 |
43 THE ORGANISATION OF THE R D FUNCTION | 84 |
44 CONCLUSION | 88 |
Economic Analysis and Technological Change | 91 |
Patterns of Innovation | 93 |
THEORETICAL ANCESTRY | 94 |
EMPIRICAL STUDIES | 96 |
53 INDUCED INNOVATION | 104 |
54 INNOVATION FIRM SIZE AND MARKET STRUCTURE | 109 |
55 TECHNOLOGY THE SELECTION ENVIRONMENT AND THE FIRM | 114 |
56 THE DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION | 117 |
The epidemics model | 119 |
Criticisms of the epidemic model and alternative models of diffusion | 122 |
57 CONCLUSION | 131 |
Technological Change Output Employment and Trade | 133 |
61 CLASSICAL ECONOMISTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH | 136 |
62 THE HARRODDOMAR MODEL | 137 |
63 NEOCLASSICAL MODELS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH | 138 |
73 NEOSCHUMPETERIAN THEORIES OF LONG WAVES | 173 |
74 THE ROLE OF THE LABOUR MARKET | 180 |
75 INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION IN LONG WAVES | 188 |
76 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE CURRENT LONG WAVE | 191 |
77 CONCLUSION | 193 |
Political and Social Aspects of Technological Change | 195 |
Government Intervention in Technical Change | 197 |
82 THE POSSIBILITY OF INTERVENTION | 200 |
83 WHY DOES GOVERNMENT INTERVENE? | 203 |
84 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION | 210 |
The Promotion and Control of Technology by Government | 221 |
92 LABOUR GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR PROMOTION OF TECHNOLOGY | 222 |
93 CONSERVATIVE POLICIES FOR PROMOTION OF TECHNOLOGY | 227 |
94 THE EXAMPLES OF AERO ENGINES AND MOTOR VEHICLES | 231 |
95 GOVERNMENT POLICY AND MICROELECTRONICS | 233 |
96 SOME PRECONDITIONS FOR GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGY | 236 |
ATTEMPTS TO ANTICIPATE THE NEED FOR REGULATIONS | 238 |
98 MECHANISMS FOR THE CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGY | 239 |
THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND REGULATIONS | 241 |
910 INSTITUTIONS FOR CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE UK | 244 |
911 THE EFFECT OF REGULATION ON INNOVATION | 249 |
912 CONCLUSIONS | 251 |
NonGovernmental Influences on Technical Change | 253 |
102 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN TECHNOLOGY POLICY | 254 |
103 THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT | 257 |
104 PRESSURE GROUPS | 262 |
105 CONFLICT AND CONSENSUS | 266 |
106 THE ROLE OF EXPERTS | 269 |
Summary and Conclusion | 271 |
Bibliography | 277 |
Index | 291 |
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Common terms and phrases
activities adopted allocation analysis approach areas argued argument asbestos assumptions attempt Britain budget capital Chapter characteristics comparative advantage competition concerned control of technology costs decision decision-making demand diffusion direction discussed economic growth effects efficiency employment environment example existing factors factors of production firm behaviour Freeman groups Harrod-Domar model important increase industry influence Inmos inputs institutions intangible assets interaction intervention investment issues labour level of aggregation literature London long wave managerial market structure mechanisms ment microeconomic MNEs natural trajectories neoclassical neoclassical economics omic organisation output particular patterns period political possible potential problem production function productivity growth profit projects regulations relationship result role safety Schumpeter science and technology scientific sectors social specific strategy structural change studies tech technical change techniques techno technological change technological innovation technological opportunity technology policy thalidomide theory tion trade unions types variables vertically integrated