livered in the form of bundles. The expres-
sion, however, in the case of the cloth is
applied to that which used to be made on
the handlooms at home, and does not apply
to that now made in the weaving sheds.
With regard to the yarn, each knot also is in
the form of a bundle, and one may surmise
that the reeler makes the bundles of yarn in
a similar sense to that in which she bunts"
or coils her hair at the back of her head.
Also the man who carries the knots forward
to the next stage of manipulation is said to
"bunt for t' reelers." For the different mean-
ings cf. also butt, bunch, and bounce.
ARTHUR MAYALL.

"Bunt" to butt can hardly be considered
slang; the H.E.D.' takes note of it, and it
is still in familiar use, at any rate here in
Warwickshire.
BENJ. WALKER.

Gravelly Hill, Erdington.

THE NATIONAL FLAG (9th S. v. 414, 440, 457, 478; Supplement, 30 June, 1900; vi. 17, 31, 351, 451, 519; vii. 193; viii. 67).-I do not know why MR. ROWE should apply so strong an expression as very glaring error to a perfectly simple matter, but perhaps the extreme heat is to blame.

66

I am quite unable to see where my very glaring error comes in. If MR. ROWE will (1) draw two saltires of equal width, one white, the other white surcharged with St. Patrick's red cross, (2) then halve them throughout, and (3) rearrange half the halves of the one with the opposite pieces of the other, he will surely find himself looking on the saltires of St. Andrew and St. Patrick "dimidiated per saltire." I think he will also see on consideration that the expression "per saltire" renders unnecessary the addition of "quarterly" or any other word.

Is not MR. ROWE committing the "very glaring error" of mistaking dimidiation for ordinary division per pale, per bend, &c.?

W. H. ST. JOHN HOPE.

bedclothes, must have stood in the sixteenth century for that article only which was usually uppermost. In 1509 Dame Alice Soothill, of Dewsbury, left to a daughter-inlaw her "best feder bed, a pair of my best shets, a pair of my best blankets, 3 of my best pillows, 2 of my best couerlets, a hyllyng of a bed of white and blue," &c.; also to a daughter an hillyng of a bede, light greene and sade" (Records of Batley'). These must have been the smart things with which a best bed would be covered.

66

'Happing," so often mentioned in such wills and inventories as those printed by the Surtees Society, means the outermost article; it seems to be home made, perhaps netted or fancy worked-not a covering," nor a "coverlet," nor a "quilt." In 1559 Francys Wandysforde left "one hapen and coverlate." In 1570 Gerard Salveyn left "ij happings, iij cov'letts," &c.; and Gawyne Swinburne left "14 cou'lets" worth 34s. 4d. and twelve "happings" worth 20s., the coverlets being valued at about 2s. 6d. each, and the "happings" at only 1s. 8d. These are sometimes worth 2s., but often only a few pence. In 1574 John Cornefurth left "vij happings and a coverlet, x." When a single bed is in question there is commonly one coverlet and one "happing," rarely a "twylt," which might be worth 4s., and was probably wadded for winter use.

In 1570 William Dagg, of Gateshead, left "9 pounds of happin yarne" (probably for knitting or netting), worth 3s. Robert Richardson, of Durham, left "one thrummed happen," which might be simply knitted or might be adorned with the thrums" that had their name from the tufted ends of a weaver's warp beyond the line to which the shuttle could work; also "a list happinge," evidently a home-made article. In Holderness I once heard a child, that in a full house had to share his bed with two others, mystified with the information that he would sleep "in the cold middle where there is neither THOS. BLASHILL. room nor happing."

GUN REPORTS (9th S. vii. 207, 258, 493).The following is taken from The Pytchley Hunt, Past and Present,' by the late H. O. Nethercote, Esq. (1888), p. 9:—

Some of your readers may like to know that Mr. Barlow Cumberland, the chairman of the Marine Section of the Board of Trade, Toronto, has just published a second edition of his History of the Union Jack: How it Grew and what it Is' (8vo, pp. i-xii, 13-324). The preface is dated 1 October, 1900. The "A......remarkable instance of the far-reaching title-page, sad to say, is dateless. There is power of sound is given in the interesting Diary, much interesting information as to the vicis-written in Latin in the seventeenth century situdes of the "Jack" in the North American colonies. Q. V. "HILL ME UP" (9th S. iii. 285, 435, 496; iv. 234)." Hilling" and "happing," that now in different localities mean the whole of the upper

(admirably translated by the Rev. Robert Isham), of Mr. Thomas Isham of Lamport Hall. It is there stated that during the naval engagement between the English and French combined fleets on the one hand and the Dutch on the other, in 1672, the report of the guns was distinctly heard at Brixworth | [Northamptonshire]. It was in this action that

JOHN T. PAGE.

names extant formed with camp, Kamp, also with change into High German-Kampf (en), Kämpf(en), e.g., Heidekamp in Holstein, the town of Kampen in Holland; but especially numerous are the Westphalian surnames

Lord Sandwich, the admiral, was blown up in his ship with eight hundred of his men, though the Dutch were defeated and were pursued to the coast of Holland by the English fleet. If this story be correct and some may be tempted to say 'Credat Judæus'- the voice of the cannon must have travelled a distance of over 120 miles, Southwold compounded with it, so much so that such [where the battle took place] being at the mouth a name gives you a clue as to the origin of of the Blythe, twenty-eight miles north-east of the family. Such are Kamp, Kämp, Kemp, Ipswich. In 1827, during the battle of Navarino, Mr. John Vere Isham, then quartered at Corfu, Kempf, Te Kampe (comp. the English Atte distinctly heard the firing at a distance of at least Camp), Kampe, Von dem Kampe, Van Kampen, 200 miles; and on the naval reception of the Sultan latinized à Kempis (Thomas à Kempis); from by the Queen at Portsmouth, the sound of guns what grows on it, Has(s)elkamp, Berken-, discharged on the Welsh coast was plainly dis- Wede-, Distel- kamp; from animals, Hasen-, tinguished at Portsmouth." Kreien-, Uhlen- kamp; from what is built thereon or connected with it, Brüggen-, Kotten-, Mühlen-, Pohl-, Wasser- kamp; from size and situation, Hof-, Ho-, Korten-, Langen-, Ost-, West- kamp. Derivatives are Kämper, Kemper, i.e., one who lives in Kies-, Strot- (=strasse), Süd- kemper. Coma "Kamp"; there are Holt-, Lehm-, Roggen-, pounds with Kamp are Kampmann, Kamp(f)meyer, Kammeyer, Kampf- müller, -schulte, -wirt, -franz. These and the forms "De Campo," "De Campis," "Atte Camp," abundsideration has reference to the place of abode antly show that the surname under cononly, not to the other meaning of "campus," as the place where battles and fights took Familien-Namen,' &c., Halle a. S., 1882). place (see Albert Heintze, 'Die deutschen DR. G. KRUEGER.

ALUM (9th S. viii. 45).—Alum stone is said to have been found at Tolfa by John di Castro about A.D. 1460. After John di Castro's discovery the manufacture and sale were carried on for a considerable period by the Holy See, importation from Turkey and elsewhere being prohibited by Pius II. and several of his successors. Christians whomeyer, did not purchase direct from Rome were threatened with excommunication, and the same procedure was adopted against those engaged in the manufacture of alum outside the Pope's temporal jurisdiction, in order to compel them to close their works. At the same time great care seems to have been taken to prevent foreigners from acquiring a knowledge of the process of boiling alum.

This monopoly caused such an injury to trade, owing to the high prices charged, that the Council of Inquiry held at Bruges in 1504 by Philip the Fair opened up negotiations with the intention of obtaining supplies from Turkey (from which country alum had been obtained in large quantities previous to 1460); but Julius II., who then occupied the Pontifical chair, threatened the Council with excommunication, consequently the negotiations fell through.

For a full description of the means taken to obtain and preserve this monopoly, see Beckmann's History of Inventions,' vol. i. (London, H. G. Bohn, 1846).

Berlin.

THE PARSON'S NOSE (8th S. x. 496; xi. 33, 92; xii. 58).-Remembering the query about the above term, it occurred to me that the following verse of a comic song which was lately brought to my notice might prove of interest to your readers:

:

They all had a 'tater
Out of my dish for luck;
They upset all my gravy,
Somebody collared the duck,

And back the pudding they threw at me
And ruined my Sunday clothes,

And all they left was a lump of the dish
And a bit of the parson's nose.

CHAS. A. BERNAU.
Selwood, Churchfields, Weybridge.

The

ALBERT GOUGH. Glandore Gardens, Antrim Road, Belfast. QUOTATIONS (9th S. vi. 489; vii. 74, 170, THE SURNAME KEMP (9th S. vii. 427).- 497). Classical and Foreign Quotations The Latin campus has passed with its original attributes "Les amis, ces parents que l'on meaning of "field" into French (as champ), se fait soi-même," to Emile Deschamps. as well as into Old English, Frisian, and authorship is, however, considered doubtful. Low German. Here it formerly denoted an Two other quotations containing similar enclosed piece of land not belonging to the ideas are also given. "Un livre est un community, but to a single owner, but in ami qui ne trompe jamais" is attributed Westphalia at least it signifies nowadays in 'The New Dictionary of Foreign Phrases,' simply a field. "Hei is op en Kamp" he published last year, to Guilbert de Pixéréis working in his field. There are still place- court. 'Classical and Foreign Quotations'

=

says of it, "a line that Pixérécourt had Dugdale's Catalogue of Irish Nobility' stamped on each volume in his library." (second edition, 1682). Possibly the inquirer's attribution to Desbarreaux Bernard refers to an earlier date. "Veuve d'un peuple-roi, mais reine encore du monde," is attributed by the first-mentioned authority to Gilbert [sic]. A dictionary of quotations with exact references in every case is one of the publications that students ARTHUR MAYALL.

of which work MR. WHALE may be referred
for a use of the phrase, as French, earlier
than the date he names. Is it worth while
noting, for the same Supplement,' that in
1856 a book was published entitled 'Gleanings
after "Grand Tour "-ists,' by R. ?
O. O. H.

Figino, Velutello, and others of the ancients, in whose editions "a neat rivulet of text" meanders writers - English, Italian, and Germanthrough a meadow of" explanation, modern have rendered important service in supplying a trustworthy text and helpful illustration. Oxford scholars have been exemplarily diligent in the matter of textual criticism, and the writings of Dr. E. Moore and the Dictionary' of Mr. Paget An earlier reference to the "Grand Tour" | Toynbee have received merited recognition at our may be found in the preface to Richard hands. The publication by the Clarendon Press Lassel's 'Voyage of Italy, 1670, where he

says:

in a convenient volume of all the works of Dante was a boon to scholarship, and its appearance has greatly facilitated the task Mr. Tozer has accom"No man understands Livy and Cæsar, Guiccar-plished. The work, as we have proven, is eminently din and Montluc, like him who hath made exactly helpful. An "argument" is prefixed to each canto, the Grand Tour of France and the Giro of Italy." J. F. FRY. RURAL DEANERIES (9th S. viii. 64).-MR. HUSSEY appears to have overlooked the previous communications to N. & Q' on this matter. In 2nd S. ii. 89 he will find a somewhat similar question, and a reply at p. 120, stating that a report was issued by the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales, which was presented to both Houses of Parliament on 16 June, 1835. References to other works bearing on the subject in 5th S. i. 269, 392, give much valuable information, and iii. 44, 94, the arms of the deaneries. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

а

'THE SYNAGOGUE' (9th S. viii. 44).—MR. D. SMITH may be interested to know that there is an illustrated article on Christopher Harvey, vicar of Clifton-on-Dunsmore, Warwickshire, author of 'The Synagogue,' in the Rugby Magazine for January. In The Complete Angler' (ch. v.) Walton alludes to Harvey as "a reverend and learned Divine" and as friend of mine," and quotes one of his poems, to which he appends the author's_name. In all subsequent editions of 'The Synagogue' Harvey's name appears on the title-page. It is to be regretted that no memorial stone marks Harvey's grave at Clifton. According to the register he was buried there on 4 April, JOHN T. PAGE.

1663.

West Haddon, Northamptonshire.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

An English Commentary on Dante's Divine Comedy. By the Rev. H. F. Tozer, M.A. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)

Ir no royal road to the knowledge of Dante is provided the English scholar, it is not for want of effort on the part of critics. Apart from the voluminous commentaries of Lombardi, Landino,

and a prefatory note to each of the three main
divisions and to other portions of the work; the
significance of difficult words is explained from
the poet's own works, and much pains have been
Dante, who had no Greek, relied.
spent on investigating the authorities on whom
This is a
specially important feature, since writers such
as Orosius to whom Dante, in common with
medieval thinkers, turned-have now lost all
authority. The commentary is the same size as the
will stand side by side on the shelves of all lovers
edition of Tutte le Opere,' and the two volumes
of Dante. Where passages offering some difficulty
are reached Mr. Tozer is generally in accord with
Mr. Toynbee and Dr. Moore. This is but natural,
the three men working in close association. An
example of how closely they agree is furnished in a
note on Inferno,' xxviii. I. 135, on "Re giovane,"
which reading is adopted instead of "Re Gio-
vanni," in favour of which MS. authority is very
strong.

The Cathedral Church of Ely. By the Rev. W. D.
Sweeting, M.A.-The Cathedral Church of Bristol.
By H. J. L. Massé, M.A.-The Abbey Churches of
Bath and Malmesbury and the Church of Saint
Lawrence, Bradford-on-Avon. By the Řev. T.
Perkins, M.A. (Bell & Sons.)

66

supplementary series of "Great Churches" three To Bell's admirable " 'Cathedral Series" and the important additions have been made. First and most important is Mr. Sweeting's excellent account of Ely, which contests with Wells and Lichfield supremacy in loveliness, and is held by its latest historian to be, in regard to situation, surpassed only, if at all, in England by Durham and Lincoln." Ely can be quite well seen, Mr. Sweeting tells us, from the tower of Peterborough, which as the crow flies is about thirty-five miles distant. It can, however, be best seen close at hand; and a glorious and an inspiriting object when thus seen it is. The view from the south, which supplies the frontispiece, is exquisite, and both the octagon and the lady chapel may rank as dreams. Scarcely less impressive is the view from the east of the choir. Mr. Sweeting's historical account of the church, the monastery, and the see is excellent in all respects.

An impression of massiveness is conveyed by Bristol Cathedral, the exterior appearance of which, however, does not assign it a prominent place among English cathedrals. Much of the edifice is new. Mr. Massé, who is also responsible for the account of Gloucester Cathedral, furnishes a full description of the edifice and its history. Two of the bells in the tower are of pre-Restoration date

become torn. At the same time, useful as it is, it
is scarcely the book to put in a good binding. If it
could be issued in a stiff and strong canvas cover,
at an enhanced price, it would be welcome, and
would then be one of the works most frequently
taken off the shelves for the purpose of consulta-
tion. The price of the lots is much less than in
sales in England. We have come upon several
lots sold for 2 fr. each. We hope that the pub-
lication will be continued, and that it will in time
get more nearly up to date.

The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift. Edited by
Temple Scott.-Vol. V. Historical and Politica
Tracts. (Bell & Sons.)

third bell bears the motto "Clara vocor, et clarior ero." It is claimed for the Bath Abbey Church that it is the last complete ecclesiastical building erected before the dissolution of the monasteries. It is accordingly treated by Mr. Perkins as the last expression of Gothic, then "rapidly approaching the hour of its death." In its favour it is also advanced that the fine west front is "a genuine termination of the building behind it, not a mere screen for the display of statuary." Of the Abbey Church of Malmesbury but a fragment remains. Its towers and transepts have disappeared, and it is ruinous at both ends. Its superb south porch constitutes its chief glory, and, though now crumbling rapidly away, repays a visit to the THE fifth volume of Swift's works, now added to place. The Church of St. Lawrence at Bradford-"Bohn's Standard Library," comprises twenty-two on-Avon is the earliest complete church of which tracts, beginning with the very trenchant Short we have documentary evidence fixing its dates Character of Thomas, Earl of Wharton.' Though within the limits of a few years. constituting an indispensable portion of Swift's literary baggage, and thoroughly characteristic of the author, these things commend themselves rather to the student of history and politics than to the general reader. They are, however, all worth study for the sake of the style, and are necessary to a comprehension of Swift's personality. Mr. Temple Scott's introductions and notes are excellent in all respects, and this edition of Swift is likely to be one most acceptable to scholars.

The Complete Works of C. S. Calverley. With a
Biographical Notice by Sir Walter J. Sendall,
G.C.M.G. (Bell & Sons.)

A COMPLETE edition of the works of Calverley can
scarcely be said to supply a popular want, but it is
sure of a welcome. Calverley's fame is almost
confined to academic circles, and his writings may
never reach the masses. They will never even be
so well known as the 'Bon Gaultier' of Aytoun
and Martin, and will not approach the popu

His

larity of the Ingoldsby Legends. To educated
men, however, Calverley makes irresistible appeal,
and such constitute a world large enough to dis
His
pose of successive editions of the work.
muse is not strong on the wing, and there is no
poem in the present volume equalling in mock
intensity Aytoun's 'Dirge of the Drinker.'
poems have, however, grace and delicacy as well as
humour and lightness of touch, and they will
always delight the man of taste. We remember to
have heard Gemini and Virgo' recited by Sir Henry
Irving, and are never likely to forget either poem
or recitation. Many of the translations are admir-
able. We know no translation from Horace quite
so good as that of the 'Ode to Lyce,' Book IV.
Ode 13. The renderings from English into Latin
are beyond praise. It is too late now to attempt a
fresh eulogy of Calverley, and Sir Walter Sendall's
biographical notice is adequate. The volume con-
tains also a capital portrait.

Index Bibliographique. Par Pierre Dauze. (Paris,
Répertoire des Ventes Publiques Cataloguées.)
THE new volume of the excellent Index Biblio-
graphique' of M. Dauze covers the period from
1 October, 1897, to 30 September, 1898. It will
thus be seen that some headway has yet to be made
before the author and editor comes up to date. It
represents an immense labour for one man to execute
the work, which occupies between nine hundred
and a thousand pages, chronicling the sale of nearly
thirty thousand items. A table of statistics that
would enable us to compare the sales in Paris with
those in London recorded in Book - Prices Cur-
rent' would be of interest. This we are, of course,
unable personally to supply. To the merits of the
work we have borne frequent testimony. It is
practically indispensable to the collector, the book-
buyer, and the bookseller. The only fault we can
find with it cannot easily be remedied. It is so
heavy and cumbrous that it is very apt in use to

Problems and Exercises in English History Heffer & Sons), is a mere cram-book, so we canno Book B, 1399-1603, by J. S. Lindsey (Cambridge, notice it at length; but it is well suited for it purpose. The hints at the beginning for candidates are good.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub. lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.
To secure insertion of communications corre-

spondents must observe the following rules. Let
each note, query, or reply be written on a separate
slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and
such address as he wishes to appear. When answer-
ing queries, or making notes with regard to previous
entries in the paper, contributors are requested to
put in parentheses, immediately after the exact
heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to
Correspondents who repeat
which they refer.
queries are requested to head the second com-
munication "Duplicate."

W. H. B.-H.-We must really ask you to add the references to your replies, as the rules direct. CORRIGENDA.-P. 92, col. 1, 1. 8 from bottom, for "Colombo" read Colombia; col. 2, 1. 10, for "Garapalta" read Garapata.

NOTICE.

Editorial communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

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