member of the family of Mackenzie of Gairloch recorded arms previous to Sir Alexander, the second baronet? What was the date of such grant, and the blazon? What arms did Alexander Mackenzie, seventh of Gairloch, bear (he was father to Sir Kenneth Mackenzie, first baronet, and grandfather to Sir Alexander who recorded arms in 1723)? He was Baron of Gairloch, had in 1681 his rights and titles ratified by Act of Parliament, and died in 1694 at the age of forty-two, as appears from his general retour of sasine. He was buried in Gairloch. W. G. PENGELLY, F.S.A.(Scot.). ICKNIELD STREET.-Can any one interpret this name? It is borne by two distinct roads, one, clearly Roman, starting out of the Foss Road (Bath to Lincoln), three miles south of Stow-in-the-Wold, passing through Alcester, Birmingham, Lichfield (near), Burton-onTrent, Derby, Alfreton, and Chesterfield, where it appears to end. The other, which has none of the characteristics of a Roman way, commences apparently at Avebury, in Wilts, passes by "Wayland Smith's Cave" (Welandes smidthan Weland's Smithy, in a charter of 955) and the White Horse, through Wallingford (there crossing the Thames), Watlington, Dunstable, Royston, and so into Norfolk. Both these roads are frequently mentioned in Anglo-Saxon and mediæval charters, and, though the spelling varies, the prevailing and, I think, correct form may be taken as Icenhilde strete or Icenhilde weg (way). The latter road, like most British trackways, frequently bifurcates, and is locally known in Berkshire as the Upper and Lower Icknield Street, Ickleton Street, the Ridgeway, and the Portway. It was up to the advent of railways a great cattle road from Wales to London, and it is curious that in a charter of 957 relating to Mackney, near Wallingford (through which the road passes), the Ridgeway (Hrycgwege) is mentioned as one of the boundaries, and (continuing) the charter says "swa oxa went" (so as the oxen go). Of course cattle used all roads, but the words point to a road specially frequented by cattle, and I have never met with such a phrase in any other Anglo-Saxon charter. Can it be possible that in 957 the Welshmen were driving their cattle to London as they did up to sixty years ago? The name Wallingford (Wealinga-ford), the ford of the strangers (foreigners or Welshmen), points to the road being used by a strange race. Were they Welshmen, or the Iceni who lived in Norfolk? And if Iceni, why did they need and frequent such a long and lonely road, and what connexion had they with Avebury? If the road is named after the Iceni, what does hilde mean? And why was the Roman road first mentioned (having no connexion with the Iceni) also called Icenhilde Street? This way in some medieval charters is called Ryknield Street, but the early form is Icenhilde, later Ykenhild. I think the R is intrusive. W. H. DUIGNAN. Walsall. [The meaning has been much debated, and many explanations are offered. See 7th S. xii. 446.] Beylies. ST. CLEMENT DANES. THE following quotation from 'Chambers's Encyclopædia,' ed. 1890, vol. v. p. 323, 'Goths,' may be of interest, as showing the existence of a Teutonic race from the shores of the Baltic in the Crimea, and therefore in the immediate neighbourhood of Kherson, the scene of St. Clement's martyrdom, up to a very late date : "The last portion of the Gothic race to disappear as a distinct community was that branch of the Ostrogoths (known in the sixth century as Tetraxite) who inhabited the Crimea from the time of Ermanaric (who in the middle of the fourth century had established a powerful Ostrogothic empire extending from the Black Sea to the Gulf of Bothnia). In the reign of Justinian these Goths received a Catholic bishop from Constantinople, and in the official language of the Eastern Church 'Gothia' continued to be the name of the Crimea In 1562 the down to the eighteenth century. famous traveller Busbecq met at Constantinople with two Crimean envoys, and wrote down a long list of words of their language, which he recognized as having an affinity with his native Flemish. The words are for the most part unquestionably Gothic. may have survived to a far later time; in 1750 the It is possible that in the Crimea the Gothic speech Jesuit Mondorf learned from a native of that region, whom he had ransomed from the Turkish galleys, that his countrymen spoke a language having some resemblance to German.” When we remember (1) that the Gothic language is classed with the Scandinavian languages as belonging to the East Germanic group of the Teutonic languages; (2) that it is only of comparatively late years that historians have discovered that the Goths were not originally natives of Gothland in the Scandinavian peninsula, which took its name from the Gautas, the Géats of the 'Traveller's Song'; (3) that the Scandinavians settled at Kieff were christianized from Constantinople, and were in constant relation with the Crimea; (4) that Adam of Bremen and his contemporaries systematically confused. Dacia with Dania; (5) that St. Clement first sents from. His strongest argument seems became the "patron of seamen amongst the to lie in the compound instance of "no one," navigators of the Euxine, who for the most which we already have in the language conpart came either from Constantinople or the tracted to "none." But in similar manner, ports of the Crimea-it is easy to see how on account of the vowels, I might object to St. Clement became identified with those such a word as "re-elect," which if unNorthern races who in England were usually hyphened would be unrecognizable. If " no known as "Danes," in France as "Normans," one," thus thrown in, must follow suit to and thus came to be called "St. Clement "anyone," then the hyphen or diæresis will Danes," an expression in which it is quite have to be employed in it. It, however, may conceivable that Danes may have originally be looked upon simply as a red-herring drawn represented an adjective. A priori the neigh- across the trail-because nobody uses it. bourhood of St. Clement Danes is hardly one Dictionaries are no criterion in a case of this where one would have expected to find a kind. They copy from each other, and are specifically Scandinavian colony, which, proverbially behind the times. As surely originally at all events, must have been as night follows day, what they now ignore mostly composed of seamen. The other they will ultimately adopt in two or three churches with Scandinavian dedications in decades, or maybe half a century later, when London-viz., St. Magnus and St. Olave-they wake up. Lately I have particularly are situated in the immediate neighbourhood noticed the present use of the words in the of the Pool, and below the oldest London heading, and in none of the frequent instances Bridge, whilst the other foreign colony in observed (in book, newspaper, magazine, &c.) London which dates from before the Con- have I seen them divided. Nothing weightier quest-namely, the "Men of the Emperor". can be advanced in favour of the form noted seems to have been settled close to Dowgate, than the assistance it gives to the reader in the first port of London, near the site of the gathering the sense, except it be that in present Cannon Street Station. After the speaking each compound is pronounced as if experiences of the Danish massacre of 1002, it were one word. J. S. MCTEAR. no Danish colony of Canute's day would have cared to be cut off from the road to the sea by London Bridge, which had defeated all the efforts of Sweyn to pass it in 1014. Clapham and other settlements with Danish names near London usually occupy easily defensible positions, which were cut off from Saxon London and Westminster by the broad reaches of the marshes which then filled the low grounds of Southwark and Lambeth, whilst it would be hard to find the specifically Danish termination of wich in any placename of the Thames Valley above London Bridge, though below it we have Greenwich, Woolwich, Land Wyck, while on the lower river Sheppey, Harty, Canvey islands correspond to Battersea on the reaches above bridge. H. MR. ADAMS says the phrase "any one particle" need not be regarded, being pleonastic for "any particle.' If he turns again to the 'H.E.D.' he will find that of the seven instances of the phrase "any one" there cited five are similarly pleonastic. I maintain that in the remaining two instances, where the phrase is simply equivalent to "anybody," it would be more convenient to write it as one word. The pleonasm MR. ADAMS objects to cannot be disregarded: everyone uses it, and it is often necessary to make one's meaning clear. MR. ADAMS also says that the editors of the 'H.E.D.' agree with him. He can only mean that they print "any one" as two words, as is admittedly customary. For the rest, they simply record past and present usage. It is not their province to say how words should be written, but how they are written; and as the original query was why this particular phrase is written as two words, MR. ADAMS's remark is, I think, rather pointless. The practice I contend for is, however, growing-only this morning I came across someone" in the Academy-and Iventure to say that it will grow, in spite of MR. ADAMS's objections, which are too techC. C. B. nical for practical people. "ANYONE," "EVERYONE" (9th S. vii. 205, 294, 358, 432).—I have followed with interest the controversy arising out of my note at the first reference. MR. F. ADAMS, for the defence, omits to observe the qualification originally stated for the joinder of the words composing the compound, and therefore some of his instances do not apply. I might as well quote the phrase "Every body of the solar system," &c., against the use of the form "everybody," which he admits, as he quotes "Any one of the books would suit me P.S.-My note was written without referagainst the use of "anyone," which he dis-ence to authorities, but if these are to be cited I may refer to Dr. Morris as on my side. He says ('Hist. Eng. Grammar,' p. 126): Compounds of any are anyone, anybody (M.E. any wight, any persone, any man), anything." And again: "M.E. evrichon, everilkan (cp. each one) survives in everyone. SIR THOMAS COOKE, SHERIFF OF LONDON, 1692-3 (9th S. vii. 429). The account given of him and his family in Le Neve's 'Knights' (p. 434, to which, however, no proper reference is given in the index) can be supplemented as under. He was lord of the manor of Lordshold in Hackney, as also of the manor of Barnet. His wife Elizabeth (who sold certain plantations she had inherited in Antigua) was daughter of William Horne, of Ead, near Exeter, and of Antigua. A pedigree of her family is in V. L. Oliver's Antigua.' Besides being M.P. for Colchester 1694-5 and 1698-1705, he was High Sheriff of Essex in 1693. He died 6 September, 1709, "at Ebsham [query Epsom], Surrey," according to Le Neve's 'Obituary.' His will, dated 6 September, was proved 4 November, 1709, by his relict Elizabeth (240 Lane). She, who lived in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, is doubtless the "Dame Elizabeth Cooke" buried 23 December, 1720, at St. Bride's, Fleet Street. Of their children, Elizabeth, the first daughter, married firstly, 10 March, 1690/1, at Hackney, Sir Josiah Child, second baronet (1678), of Wanstead, co. Essex, who died s.p., 20 January, and was buried at Hackney, 4 February, 1703/4. She married secondly "Jo. Chadwick, Esq.," who was buried there 8 December, 1713. After a third marriage with Osbaldeston, she herself was buried at Hackney as "Dame Elizabeth Child, widow," 26 January, 1740/1. Her younger brother, Josiah Cooke, was baptized 31 January, 1691/2, at Hackney, about nine months after her marriage with Sir Josiah Child, after whom he was doubtless named. Sir Charles Cooke, Alderman of Bassishaw, Sheriff of London, 1716-17 (mentioned at the above reference), was (though also connected with Hackney) certainly not a son (as therein is suggested) of the above-named sheriff, whose widow, Elizabeth, proved his will in 1709. This Charles died unmarried, and was buried 11 January, 1720/1, at Hackney, administration of his goods being granted 23 January, 1720/1, to James Cooke, Esq., the brother, on the renunciation of Margaret Cooke, widow, the mother. G. E. C. I have a note in my copy of Le Neve's 'Knights' (Harl. Soc.) that Sir Thomas Cooke was great-grandson of a John Cooke, of Creeting, Norfolk. Sir Thomas Cooke's will is dated 6 September, and was proved by his widow 4 November, 1709, P.C.C. 240 Lane. He had twelve children. Sir Thomas Cooke had a brother John Cooke, who by his wife Catherine had issue. Sir Thomas Cooke's father-in-law was William Horne. Sir Charles Cooke was son of Thomas Cooke, of Hackney (he died 20 December, 1694), by Margaret his wife (she died 16 August, 1723). In Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, vol. i. pp. 346, 347, 348, I give a pedigree of Cooke of Kingsthorpe, Northamptonshire, and Sir Charles Cooke appears; and at vol. iii. P. 212 of the same publication I give extracts from his will. REGINALD STEWART BODDINGTON. 15, Markham Square, Chelsea. NEPTUNE AND CROSSING THE LINE (9th S. vii. 404).-In "Euvres Complètes de JacquesHenri-Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, mises en ordre et précédées de la Vie de l'Auteur, par L. Aimé-Martin (à Paris, chez MequignonMarvis, Libraire, Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine No. 3, M.DCCC.xx.)," 'Voyage à l'Ile de France,' tome i. pp. 42-3, is the following: "Le 10 [Avril, 1768], on annonça le baptême de la Ligne, dont nous étions à un degré. Un matelot, déguisé en masque, vint demander au capitaine à faire observer l'usage ancien. Ce sont des fêtes Nos matelots sont fort tristes, le scorbut gagne imaginées pour dissiper la mélancolie des équipages. insensiblement, et nous ne sommes pas au tiers du voyage. Le 11, on fit la cérémonie du baptême. On rangea les principaux passagers le long d'un cordon, les pouces attachés avec un ruban. On donna ensuite quelque argent aux pilotes. Le 12, leur versa quelques gouttes d'eau sur la tête. On nous ne passâmies point encore la Ligne. Les courants portaient au nord. On cessa de voir l'étoile polaire. Le 13, nous passâmes la Ligne. La mer paraissait, la nuit, remplie de grands phosphores lumineux.” 66 THOMAS J. JEAKES. Tower House, New Hampton. Bishop Heber gives a long account of the Neptune" ceremonies on crossing the line," 26 July, 1823, 'Journal,' 1856, i. 7. W. C. B. dardy," "L'Ardy d'Hardy," "la-di-da," &c., as think so. have so far been able to trace occurs in a story called 'Such is Life,' by Pierce Egan (the younger), which appeared in the London Journal in 1864. On 12 March of that year the reader is introduced to the swell villain of * the drama, the Honourable Fluphery Arde- I think it was sung in a play called 'The dardee, who possessed "a pair of whiskers...... Widow Hunt' at the Strand Theatre, in of dimensions such as ought to have made which the late John Sleeper Clarke was very Lord Dundreary, if he could have seen them, funny. I think Eleanor Bufton was the faint away." Lardydardy" was extensively widow. Why I learnt that verse I cannot "boomed" at the halls (by George Leybourne say, unless it was the chorus. My recollecin particular) from 1865. I recollect hear- tion varies slightly:ing early in 1873 a lady serio-comic at the old Winchester-which, by the way, was, I believe, the first music-hall, as differing from a 'sing-song" or "free-and-easy," ever opened in London; during the forties and the early fifties, under the name of the Surrey Music Hall, it led the way for the modern theatre or palace of varieties-singing an "up-todate" ditty, the chorus of which ran : Dalilah de Dardy adored The very correctest of cards, He was one of Her Majesty's Guards. HERBERT B. CLAYTON. 39, Renfrew Road, Lower Kennington Lane, S.E. Oddly enough, when I read the reviewer's reference to this it never occurred to me that I knew anything about it; but directly I the verse quoted by MR. INGLEBY I recollected that I have known it all my life. I heard the song, I should say, about 1865, and I like to la-di-da with the ladies, Of Captain de Wellington Boots. DE BATHE AND HOLSWORTHY FAMILIES (9th S. vi. 269).-As I am preparing a paper on 'Neighbours of North Wyke for the Devon Association, and as Bath is an adjoining property to the south-eastward of that old seat of the Wykes family, I should be much interested in learning anything concerning its owners and residents. Among my Record Office gleanings are the following notes, which may be of some use to P. The "Mark Sladen" said to have owned Bath in 1600 must be meant for Mark Slader, a regular North Tawton name. In 1625 Simon Weekes,† armiger, lord of the manor of Brodewode-Kelly, was seized also, among other messuages, lands, &c., of a messuage, barton, &c., called the Barton of Bath in North Tawton, then in the tenure of (Mark or Mary) Kellands; also of Gosse's tenement and Downhouse al's Dawnehouse in North Tawton, in the tenure of Mark Cottell, and of a messuage called ThornesClawton in the tenure of Matthew White. In another part of the inquisition (to quote without translating):-"Et q'd tenta et cet'a p'missa in N. Tawton tent de Joh. Wood armiger et Marc. Cottell gen'os. de man'io suo de N. Tawton in lib'o soc. et val. p' an' 40" In the 'Cal. of Fines' (Divers Com. Hil., 35 Hen. VIII.) I find Alex. Wood querent, et Ric. Eggecombe milit' deforciant, de tercia pars man'ii de N. Tawton et de t'cia pars ten. et redd. in N. Dunsthed yoke (or Dimsched yoke?), Bath, Newlond, Aysherigge et Lamberty's week (another name for Chawleigh Wyke or North Tawton Wyke). In 33 Hen. VIII. (Easter Fines) Robert Fisher, chaplain, and Martin Slader held [* Yes. H. Irving was the Felix Featherley and Ada Cavendish Mrs. Featherley. 'The Widow Hunt,' a rearrangement by Stirling Coyne of his was first given at the St. James's 16 October, 1867.] 'Everybody's Friend' (Haymarket, 2 April, 1859), + Ch. Inq. post mortem, Car. I. (27, 90). tenements, &c., in North Tawton, Monkeoke- A GAME OF BATTLEDORE (9th S. vii. 469).— hampton, Bowe, Nymet Tracy, Collumpton, &c. In 1547 (Fines Divers Com. Pasc., 1 Ed. VI.) Martin Slader and Humf. Colles, ar., held in More, Bearehed, and Northwod in the parish of North Tawton. In Chancery Pro., Ser. II., B. 93, 50, we find Ric. Heywood of N. Tawton plaintiff against Mark Slader of same parish, who was "appointed to be collector for the second payment of the......[torn away] graunted in the year [of Queen Elizabeth] in the Hundreds of Blacktoriton, N. Tawton, Winkleigh, and Hertland, Devon." 1st A reference to another Chancery Pro. in which Mark Slader was plaintiff is Ser. II., Eliz. 162, 53. ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES. [There is no printer's error. The alteration made was editorial, and on the strength of what seemed to us due knowledge and investigation. In the first Edinburgh edition. 1787, it is "rashes," not rushes. The Centenary Edition of Messrs. Henley and Henderson (Edinburgh, Jack, 1896), the Clarendon Press 'Burns' of the same date, and the 'Concordance' of Mr. J. B. Reid (Glasgow, Kerr & Richardson), have the same reading. We ourselves know of no other. We do not alter a signed communication without what seems to us conclusive authority.] was GLADSTONE VOLUME (9th S. vii. 488).—Is not MR. MACLEOD mistaken when he refers to "articles" by Mr. Gladstone in the Daily Telegraph on Arthur Henry Hallam? One only appeared in that journal, under date 5 January, 1898, bearing the title Personal Recollections of Arthur H. Hallam.' It the last lengthy composition that fell from the pen of the aged author, and, in my judgment, the most beautiful of all his productions. In this respect it bears a close analogy to Tennyson's Crossing the Bar, and, to quote the words of the leader which synchronized with its appearance in the columns of the above paper, "by reason of its subject, as well as on account of the charm of its style and the deep interest of its details, cannot fail to be considered a conspicuous event in literature." It deserved a less ephemeral existence than in a daily paper. The Americans have apparently recognized this, while we have been content to let it lie in unworthy oblivion. J. B. McGoVERN. St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester. The paragraph from my review of Mr. C. S. Roundell's book has been handed to me for comment. Unfortunately (by imperious necessity) I was taken from school at the age of thirteen and a half; but I may add to the record of my school experiences that I was sent for two years to another school in a private house where girls were taught, there being two rooms adjoining. At this school the discipline was lax, and as the former school had broken up, we boys (transfers) were found to be better taught than those we joined, and the cane was less used, and the battledore was invisible, if there was one. I have seen battledore applications, and have felt them also. A big, strong man in a temper, and a small boy in a terror and a torment, were not exhilarating. The place was Newark; the name of the schoolmaster was Squires; the time was in 1830 to 1831. I am afraid I am the sole survivor of this ancient method of imparting knowledge and driving it home. JNO. HAWKINS. 35, Avenue Road, Grantham. FUNERAL CARDS (9th S. vii. 88, 171, 291, 332, 414).-The ancient building at Bury St. Edmunds known as Moyses Hall has been converted into a museum, and lately I noticed in it a large funeral card, or rather "ticket," on which were printed the following words:Thomas Moody, from Armourers-hall in Coleman "You are desired to accompany the Corps of Mr. Street, to the Burying Ground on Bun Hill, on Friday, May the 18th, 1716, by Five of the Clock in the Afternoon Precisely. And bring this Ticket with you." The ticket is about as large as a page of 'N. & Q.,' and is perfectly fresh and clean. At the top are the words "Memento mori,” and at the bottom "Remember to die." A funeral procession is engraved on the ticket, and there are figures of the King of Death and the Angel of Death, with skulls, crossblack sky, as if the funeral were to take place bones, and cherubs. Stars are shining in a by night. The building is full of interesting objects, and I never saw a better country museum. The ticket was lent by G. Milner Gibson Cullum, Esq. S. O. ADDY. "RABBATING" (9th S. vii. 407). -Your correspondent is confusing two quite different words. Rabbating has nothing to do with rabbeting. By rabbating Puttenham means abating. His actual words are (Mr. Wyndham appears to quote him loosely):— many wayes figured and thereby not a little altered in sound, which consequently alters the time and harmonie of a meeter as to the eare. And this "A Word as he lieth in course of language is |