FIRST, THE EXAMINATION OF THE WHEAT. The weight of the wheat per bushel was ascertained by a number of experiments, and the average of these was taken and gave the weight of 654lbs. The yield of flour and of bran in 100 parts of the wheat was determined by taking the average of several experiments made in the manner de. scribed by M. Boussingault in his "Economie Rurale," when experimenting upon 24 different descriptions of wheat grain grown in the Jardin des Plantes. The results gave me 83.5 per cent. of flour and 16.5 per cent. of bran, which is a low per-centage of bran. From having got in this way only this small quantity of bran, it is a necessary conclusion that this wheat will yield a higher per-centage of the finer flours, when ground and dressed in the usual manner, than wheats having a higher per-centage of bran. Of the 24 specimens mentioned above as having been experimented upon by M. Boussingault, only four gave a little less bran than this did, while most of the specimens yielded a much higher percentage. There are no methods on a small scale of ascertaining correctly the amount of the yield of the different flours or products from wheat, as grinding it in a steel mill cuts the seed up too much, while our means of rubbing down, as stones would do, are insufficient. I have made, however, experiments by passing it through a steel mill, and likewise by rubbing it down with the best means I had, and passing it through a coarse sieve, and repeating this several times on the brans, in order to separate only the coarsest bran. With the steel mill the coarse bran was only three per cent., while with rubbing it down it was as much as 6 per cent., which is probably too low in the one case and too high in the other. If, however, I take the mean of these results, and calculate the total yield of sifted products per bushel of wheat, I find it to be a fraction above 614lbs., a large yield of gross products which, even if they had been enough to operate upon, but which they were not, I did not possess the means of separating into the different qualities of flour, and the other different mill products. The moisture or water in the wheat when dried at 212o Fahrenheit is only 12.57 per cent., whereas in wheat of this country it varies according to season and other causes from about 15 to 20 per cent. The dry matter, in which are included the nitrogen and ash afterwards mentioned, is 87.43 per cent. The nitrogen in the wheat when deprived of moisture amounts to 2.08 per cent., and in its ordinary state to 1.91 per cent.: this represents in the one case 12.96 per cent., and in the other 11.28 per cent, of gluten and albumen. The ash obtained in burning the wheat was 1.58 per cent. on the dry, and in its ordinary state 1.41 per cent., which is considerably below the average per-centage of ash in wheat in this country. In order the better to compare these results with those of wheat in this country, I have placed them in the following order: TABLE OF MOISTURE, DRY MATTER, NITROGEN, AND ASH South Austra English Wheat. lian Wheat. Average of 10 years. Substances found. of the Chemical Society, Vol. X., where these gentlemen have come to the conclusion, from their experiments upon English wheat, that a high per-centage of dry matter, together with a low per-centage both of mineral matter and of nitrogen in that dry substance, are a sure indication of the good quality of the grain. By a comparison of the above results, it will be seen that in all these respects the South Australian wheat has much the advantage over the English wheats in the average of ten years; but in some more than others. The ash of the wheat was examined for its constituents; but as it exhibited nothing different from wheat ashes generally, I need not, I think, give the analysis. SECOND, THE EXAMINATION OF THE SAMPLE OF FLOUR. This flour to the eye has great beauty and texture. To determine the moisture in the flour, it was dried at 212°, and gave 12.58 per cent., which is a very low per-centage. Of a number of different kinds of flour of this country and of France, but all good, and some of the finest quality, which I examined recently, the moisture was from 13 and a fraction to 15 and about a-half per cent. The nitrogen in the dry flour is 1.74 per cent., and in the flour as it is delivered 1.52. These figures represent 10.84 in the one case and 9.47 per cent. of gluten and albumen in the other, which is the average quantity of these substances in good flour. The ash in the flour is extremely low, being only 0.58 per cent, on the dry and 0.52 per cent. as delivered. Several experiments were made in order to test the breadproducing qualities of the flour, and for this purpose bread was made from it, and when baked and taken out of the oven, was allowed to remain till thoroughly cold, when it was weighed. The average of the experiments showed that from 100 parts of flour 137 parts of bread of good quality and lightness were produced. This is, if anything, a higher product of bread than is obtained from English flour generally, although it approaches very nearly to it. I may add, however, that the baker sets great store upon this quality of a large product of bread; and my experiments, only able to be on a small scale, may not perhaps have done justice to the flour in this respect, but it could be readily tried by a baker on a large scale, if you thought it necessary to do so. I am, sir, your obedient servant, DUGALD CAMPBELL, F.C.S., Analytical Chemist to the Brompton Hospital, &c. 7, Quality-court, Chancery-lane, London, June 14th. FLOWERS.-The body and the spirits are alike improved by the cultivation of the garden. It offers an enjoyment for which no one is too high or too low. More grows in the cottar's plot than flowers: the cultivation of pansies may tend to his heart's ease, the bed of thyme may speed a dull hour, and kind thoughts spring up while watering the clump of forget-me-nots. Everywhere the heart of man blesses flowers: the child seeks them in the hedges, the old man finds in their culture and study soothing recreation and delight, Pagan and Christian have used them in their rites; flowers deck the bride, and are strewn on the grave. In every country they smile around us; to every grade they offer enjoyment; they give additional beauty to the new palace; they lovingly shroud the decaying ruin. Babylon had its hanging garden; Greece its roses and lilies-" Lilia mista Rosis;" and Rome its boxtrees cut into the figures of animals, ships, and letters, to say nothing of its violets and crocuses. BREACH OF WARRANTY ON TURNIP SEED: JURY CASE. William Beckwith, the plaintiff, said: I am a seedsman at Ufford, and have been so for the last 18 or 20 years. In October, 1860, I saw defendant on Woodbridge market, and he asked me if I would buy a sack of swede turnip seed. I asked him if he had a sample, and he said he had not. I said I should not buy any without a sample, but if he brought one the next week I would look at it. The week after the next he brought a sample, and I agreed to buy a sack of the seed. I took the sample home, and put it in a flower-pot, and I was perfectly satisfied, in a fortnight's time, that it was good growing seed. I agreed to pay for it the next market day. The defendant brought me a coomb sack of seed to the King's Head-yard, at Woodbridge, on the next market day, and I put the seed into two sacks. As I was putting it into my sacks, I said, "This seed don't seem like the sample, and I am afraid I dare not take it. We shot the seed back into defendant's sack; and afterwards he came to the King's Head gate, and said I did not want to be a bit afraid. I asked him if he could warrant it, and he said, "Yes, I will;" and he went back to his cart and shot the seed into my two sacks, and I labelled them both in Mr. Smith's presence. We took the seed and put it in my cart; and we then went to the White Horse, where the warranty produced was drawn up by Mr. Scolding, the landlord, and defendant put his mark to it. It was read over to Mr. Smith, the defendant, who said it was quite right. It is that produced. The warranty was read as follows:"November 27, 1860.- Memorandum: One sack of swede turnip seed sold to Mr. Beckwith by Mr. Smith, warranted to be good. "Wm. Smith, x his mark. Witness, William Scolding. "N.B.-Growth as above date." -I paid the same day and took the seed home. I had no other seed that day. I took the seed out of my cart when I got home, and put it in the seed room in the same sacks. I first sold half a sack of this seed to Mr. Doggett, of Badingham, the latter part of March. I sold a quarter of a peck to Mr. Sawyer, of Tunstall; some to Mrs. Brooks, Pettistree; half a bushel to Mr. Miller, of Boyton; a peck to Mr. Smith, Hollesley; and about three pecks to Mr. Debney, of Leiston; Mr. James Birt and Mr. Fairweather had some also. Mr. Sawyer, of Tunstall, was the first to complain. He brought two plants. Mr. Sawyer brought me some plants of coleseed. Mrs. Brooks, of Pettistree, also complained, through her solicitor, Mr. Moore. Mr. Miller complained very much; and so did Birt and Doggett, and several others. After these complaints were made, I went to the defendant's house at Bucklesham. That was at the latter part of harvest. I said I had come about an unpleasant piece of business-it was the turnip-seed he had sold me. He said, "Why, what's the matter ?" I said, "There is a proportion of cale-seed with it." He said, "Well, bo', I had some along with mine." I said, "How can you account for it ?" and he told me that he had his tarsip seed from a man at Ipswich, but that which I bought was half his own growing and half his brother's. He said, "Do you make it right with your customers, and you and I must make it right afterwards." When I purchased the seed he told me he grew half a comb, and his brother the other half. Mr. Scolding was present. I wrote to him afterwards to meet me at Woodbridge market, and I saw him and asked him what we were to do about this seed, and he said, "Oh, ab, bo', they'll look over this, don't you fear." I said, "I'm afraid not." This was five or six weeks after the conversation at Bucklesham. He told me then he would be his part towards the loss. I had settled with some of my customers thensome I gave some white turnip seed, and to one I gave some cow cabbage plants. To Mr. Doggett I had to give 207. I agreed to pay 201. to Mr. Doggett. The compensation in kind which I made was about 21. or 31. I have sustained great damage to my character and business, and 50l. would not repay me for the loss. After settling with these people I saw the defendant at Ipswich, and told him I had agreed to pay 20l. to Mr. Doggett. I had given Mr. Doggett 51. and a note of hand for the remainder. The defendant said, "Bo', I won't pay a penny." I did not mix the seed I had from defendant with any other. William Miller, farmer, Boyton, bought half a bushel of turnip seed of plaintiff which plaintiff warranted. He mixed this seed with some seed of his own, and sowed it on two fields-one of four acres and the other of sixteen. Colewort came up in each. There was no colewort in his own seed. He had grown it the previous year, and there was not a single colewort plant in it. His damages were not less than 50%, and it was possible he might call on Beckwith to pay. John Smith, farmer, Hollesley, bought a peck of swede turnip seed of plaintiff, which he sowed with beet, and when they came up a great part of them were colewort. He estimated his loss at 31. an acre, and he had 15 acres of the turnips. He looked to the plaintiff to compensate him. He did not buy swede seed of plaintiff this year. Samuel Sawyer, farmer, Campsey Ash, bought a quarter of a peck of swede seed of plaintiff and sowed it with beet seed. He sowed four acres. When he went to hoe the plants he found it was colewort. He never had any cole seed on his premises. His loss was about 41. For the defence, William Smith, (defendant) said: I am a farmer at Bucklesham. In 1860 I grew about six bushels of swede turnip seed. A Mr. Goodwin, a neighbour of mine grew about two bushels, which I bought. There was no cole seed near. don't know of any being grown within miles. I never bought any cole seed of any one. My foreman, Franks, cut and harvested the swede seed. In October I saw the plaintiff at Woodbridge, and he asked me if I had any swede seed, and I said I could spare him a sack. I asked £8 for it. I told him it was " single tap" swede. He said he would give £7 for a sack, and wished to see a sample, and I took him one the next week, which he took home to try. The next market day he said it was good growing seed, and I said I would warrant the seed, and I went with him to the White Horse, where he agreed to give £7. I signed a warrantyit is that produced. The next week I brought a sack of seed to the King's Head, Woodbridge, and he looked at it and said he did not like the look of it. I said, "Don't take it if you don't like it." He said, "You must give a crown back, and I'll take it as it is." I said, "Very well, I'll do that," and we went in and he paid me £6 15s. A little soot had been put to the seed to keep the mite from it. My man Franks put it in the cart when I brought it to Ipswich. I told him, "Take it home and try it, as you did the sample, and if you don't like it I'll take it back." He said, You speak like a man." About a fortnight after plaintiff said he was satisfied with it-it grew well. I took him some turnips a fortnight after that, and said, "This is the sort of turnips your seed will grow." Some long time after I saw him, and he said there was cole seed amongst the turnips. I said I knew there was none amongst that which I sold him. I never told him I had cole seed amongst mine. Plaintiff is very deaf. He said he was getting into a mess and we must make it out between us somehow or another. I never told him to go and settle with his customers and I would settle with him. He first asked for £1, then for £5. I never said I would give him anything. The next demand was a letter from Mr. Pollard claiming £20. His Honour said he was glad that the responsibility of finding a verdict in this case fell upon the shoulders of a jury rather than upon him. It seemed to him impossible that a state of facts such as the plaintiff had stated, and a statement of facts such as the defendant and his witnesses had stated could have occurred. The one side or the other must have committed perjury, and it depended on the jury to say which had committed that perjury. If they found a verdict for the plaintiff that would, in effect, be saying that the defendant was guilty of perjury; whilst if they found for the defendant they would say the plaintiff was guilty of perjury. The first point he put to them was, whether the plaintiff took proper pains to ascertain whether the seed was genuine or not, before he sold it to his customers. His Honour then went through the circumstances of the case. With respect to the contradictions of the defendant as to the time of signing the warranty, he observed that it was not a material point, but still they must consider the manner in which the man gave his evidence, as it might af- THE EARTHWORM-ITS Reaumur calculated that the number of worms in the earth exceeds the grains of all kinds of corn used by man, and as, perhaps, there is no other animal so preyed upon without any diminution in number as the earthworm, the calculation may not be far wrong. Hedgehogs, frogs, and moles devour it; beetles prey upon it, and often cast their young on it-and but for the earthworm a large portion of the bird family would soon deteriorate or perish, for, with the exception of the finches, there is scarcely a bird, from the robin to the wild-goose, but eats it, and many, during open weather, live almost solely upon it. After a summer shower, the farmyard ducks actually race against each other along the roadsides in search of it; and on wet days they each devour hundreds. All river fish feed to a great extent upon it; and wherever the river beds are of a clayey substance, worms are more plentiful than in terra firma. The river worms are darker in colour and flatter as a whole than the earthworms, but so little do they differ in appearance that a novice could not tell the land from the water worms. The worms in the water live under the embedded stones, and trout are generally on the watch to gobble them whenever they leave their abode-they even move and turn over the stones in search of worms and the larvae of water flies. When a flood comes, the stones are generally displaced in great numbers, and at such a time (in a river such as the Tweed, for instance) the worms must be dislodged and carried along the river bottom in tens of thousands; and it is from this cause that trout are generally found so gorged with worms and larvæ when taken after a flood. It is for such food, too, that ducks are constantly gumping among river shallows; for, if watched, it will be seen that they insert their bills below, or move, mostly all the likely stones they pass. We have frequently turned up worms at a depth of about a foot in the rivers. But though the worm yields a considerable amount of food to the birds and fish that grace the dinner-table, it is much more beneficial to man as a fertiliser of the land. Subsisting on the earth through which it burrows, with an occasional meal from a decaying tuber or leaf, its peculations from the husbandman are of the smallest nature; whereas it lightens "the earth's surface" by its burrowings, and thereby aids the spreading of the roots of all cereals and bulbs; and the burrows also carry down water after heavy rains, that, but for them, would often gather in surface-pools, and thereby injure the crops; and they also admit the air to the soil to a depth which by natural means it could not reach. The earth ejected by them also tends to the improving of the soil; and instances USE. are known whereby these droppings or "worm-casts" catined, in a few years, a considerable increase to the depth as well as the quality of the soil. Mr. Darwin, the naturalist, gives an account of a care of this kind which he tested, and from experiments he clearly proved that, in an old pasture, a layer of cinders and lime had been covered within a few years, to the depth of an inch, by the castings of worms. "On carefully examining," he also wrote, "between the blades of grass in the fields above described, I found scarcely a space of two inches aquare without a little heap of cylindrical castings of worms.” Now, a week or two ago we chanced to walk through a very old pasture, and we were much struck by the number of the worm-casts it showed. They were, we are certain, nearly if not as numerous as those mentioned by Mr. Darwin, and they darkened the field so much, though the grass was growing, that they caused some parts of it to look as if newly topdressed. And when the fine soil thus raised gets spread by the feet of sheep or cattle, we doubt not but a stimulating topdressing it will make. We have since examined several old pastures, and the castings were numerous in each; but we noticed that they were fewest on the pastures where lime had been most used. This we set down to the hurtful effect that lime will be likely to have upon the wormlings. The earthworm is in more cases injurious to the gardener than the farmer. The giant lobworm occasionally carries the main leaf of a young plant bodily into its hole; and in gardens, the bareness of the soil enables the observer to notice that it is a common thing for worms to drag straws, grass blades, plants, leaves, &c., into their holes; but for what purpose these are carried down nothing definite is known. The things taken down, however, pass into manure. The worm in the garden has its uses if it has its faults; and when it partakes of "green meat," which it never does extensively, the food selected is generally some vegetable or root rendered soft by decay. They do not penetrate the soil to any great depth, because they require air. In stiff soils they are not generally found much beyond a foot from the surface, but on lighter soils, through which they bore with more ease, they may be found deeper. At all events, they go deep enough to permeate the soil, and air and drain it, at a depth to which the plough cannot reach, and for which, we fear, they get but little credit. Indeed, their usefulness is seldom thought of, whereas by the many they are still ignorantly looked up and loathed as the 'Wriggling tenants of the grave." -Scottish Farmer. " J. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. The exhibition of machinery, with which the Meeting The Implement Catalogue seems to be more weighty than ever. The sagacious visitor, before burthening himself with the volume, questions himself as to whether he can do without it. Had not the Implement Stewards exercised a very wise discretion as to the expurgation of all articles, or nearly all, in the entries, save those which had a direct bearing upon agriculture, the size of the book might have been easily doubled, and the public very much incommoded. It would be well, in years to come, to carry the process of selection a little further, and confine the show to makers only. It is a pleasant sight to behold again the familiar faces of those who had once absented themselves; and among so many it would indeed be strange to find nothing new; but really, beyond the steam-cultivators, a rapid run round discovers to the observing eye nothing that will create much sensation. There are a few sensible and clever contrivances, but nothing that will essentially mark the Metropolitan Meeting from the meetings of other years. The Brothers Howard, as we have said, have adapted their prize | haymaker to be worked by two horses; Isaac Spight has made some improvements to his valuable hoe; Samuelson, and Ramsome and Sims both exhibit the reaper with automaton delivery; Amies and Barford display a roll in which the weight is given by means of water. The cylinders are filled with water, and within certain limits the weight can therefore be increased or diminished at pleasure. Burgess and Key's reduction of the old, unwieldly reaper, to a compact, useful machine, need not here be mentioned. The alteration is almost as well known as it is approved. Whitehead has a patent self-acting rotary brick-making and pressing machine. Smith and Taylor show a counterbalance horse-rake, which is good, and Underhill's patent elevator seems to be universally adopted. Tuxford and Sons, too, exhibit an improved straw-stacker. And almost everywhere we find those little contrivances for easing friction, which always characterize that period of the existence of a machine when it may be supposed to have arrived at maturity. These are to be seen in the thrashing machines. Hornsby reduces his bearings. Tuxford brings out a better arraugement of his blasts, as do Garrett and Sons; and in the way of engine-work, several little improvements are to be detected, to increase durability, to reduce consumption of coal, and get rid of friction. Rowland, of Salisbury, has introduced a new and perfect parallel motion to guide the piston in lieu of the ordinary guide bars, which must tend to diminish wear, and to give steadiness of motion; and in the traction engines much that is ingenious is to be observed, for endeavours on all sides are tending to diminish weight and increase power. The back-bone of the implement show, however, is composed of the various apparatus for steam cultivation. Mr. Fowler has come out with what will prove a very valuable windlass for ordinary portable engines. This is precisely the direction in which we hoped invention would run. We have not here time to enter upon a description; but we may say that the windlass, mounted upon four disc cutting wheels, precedes the engine upon the headland, and is worked by it. It carries the "clip drum;" and, in fact, pulls the engine along after it, being anchored itself some way ahead. The usual anchorage is traversing the opposite headland as before. Great confidence is expressed with regard to this novelty. The new windlass, and snatch-block and plough, brought out by the Bedford firm, will also receive their meed of praise, when the public will have an opportunity of giving an opinion; while the new drums and link chains of Mr. Collinson Hall certainly have merits peculiar to themselves, and may afford us valuable assistance. Since our last meeting, too, Mr. Coleman has come out with a steam-ploughing and cultivating tackle, by which a land is ploughed in two lengths, the cultivator or plough meeting in the middle; and Mr. Stevens has invented a new and very serviceable looking plough. Every one is expecting to see these at work, and until they are at work there is not much to be said. The meeting will evidently advance us somewhat in this department of economy, and should it appear that the ordinary portable His Honour said he was glad that the responsibility of finding a verdict in this case fell upon the shoulders of a jury rather than upon him. It seemed to him impossible that a state of facts such as the plaintiff had stated, and a statement of facts such as the defendant and his witnesses had stated could have occurred. The one side or the other must have committed perjury, and it depended on the jury to say which had committed that perjury. If they found a verdict for the plaintiff that would, in effect, be saying that the defendant was guilty of perjury; whilst if they found for the defendant they would say the plaintiff was guilty of perjury. The first point he put to them was, whether the plaintiff took proper pains to ascertain whether the seed was genuine or not, before he sold it to his customers. His Honour then went through the circumstances of the case. With respect to the contradictions of the defendant as to the time of signing the warranty, he observed that it was not a material point, but still they must consider the manner in which the man gave his evidence, as it might affect the credit which they placed in it. They must decide which side to believe. He confessed it was improbable that a man would give a warranty for goods before he delivered them. He remarked that if they disbelieved the defendant's story and found a verdict for the plaintiff, the man Franks was implicated with his master, for he swore that there was no cole seed with the turnip seed. As for the witnesses who were called to prove that they bought good seed of defendant he did not think there was anything in that. He pointed out that the defendant was contradicted by one of his own witnesses, Mr. Daniel. As to the question of damages, if they thought the plaintiff entitled to a verdict, his Honour told the jury to find such temperate and moderate damage which the justice of the case deserved. The jury retired, and after an absence of about a quarter of an hour returned and announced their verdict to be for the plaintiff for £20. THE EARTHWORM-ITS Reaumur calculated that the number of worms in the earth exceeds the grains of all kinds of corn used by man, and as, perhaps, there is no other animal so preyed upon without any diminution in number as the earthworm, the calculation may not be far wrong. Hedgehogs, frogs, and moles devour it; beetles prey upon it, and often cast their young on it-and but for the earthworm a large portion of the bird family would soon deteriorate or perish, for, with the exception of the finches, there is scarcely a bird, from the robin to the wild-goose, but eats it, and many, during open weather, live almost solely upon it. After a summer shower, the farmyard ducks actually race against each other along the roadsides in search of it; and on wet days they each devour hundreds. All river fish feed to a great extent upon it; and wherever the river beds are of a clayey substance, worms are more plentiful than in terra firma. The river worms are darker in colour and flatter as a whole than the earthworms, but so little do they differ in appearance that a novice could not tell the land from the water worms. The worms in the water live under the embedded stones, and trout are generally on the watch to gobble them whenever they leave their abode-they even move and turn over the stones in search of worms and the larvæ of water flies. When a flood comes, the stones are generally displaced in great numbers, and at such a time (in a river such as the Tweed, for instance) the worms must be dislodged and carried along the river bottom in tens of thousands; and it is from this cause that trout are generally found so gorged with worms and larvæ when taken after a flood. It is for such food, too, that ducks are constantly gumping among river shallows; for, if watched, it will be seen that they insert their bills below, or move, mostly all the likely stones they pass. We have frequently turned up worms at a depth of about a foot in the rivers. But though the worm yields a considerable amount of food to the birds and fish that grace the dinner-table, it is much more beneficial to man as a fertiliser of the land. Subsisting on the earth through which it burrows, with an occasional meal from a decaying tuber or leaf, its peculations from the husbandman are of the smallest nature; whereas it lightens "the earth's surface" by its burrowings, and thereby aids the spreading of the roots of all cereals and bulbs; and the burrows also carry down water after heavy rains, that, but for them, would often gather in surface-pools, and thereby injure the crops; and they also admit the air to the soil to a depth which by natural means it could not reach. The earth ejected by them also tends to the improving of the soil; and instances USE. are known whereby these droppings or "worm-casts” caused, in a few years, a considerable increase to the depth as well as the quality of the soil, Mr. Darwin, the naturalist, gives an account of a care of this kind which he tested, and from experiments he clearly proved that, in an old pasture, a layer of cinders and lime had been covered within a few years, to the depth of an inch, by the castings of worms. "On carefully examining," he also wrote, “between the blades of grass in the fields above described, I found scarcely a space of two inches square without a little heap of cylindrical castings of worms." Now, a week or two ago we chanced to walk through a very old pasture, and we were much struck by the number of the worm-casts it showed. They were, we are certain, nearly if not as numerous as those mentioned by Mr. Darwin, and they darkened the field so much, though the grass was growing, that they caused some parts of it to look as if newly topdressed. And when the fine soil thus raised gets spread by the feet of sheep or cattle, we doubt not but a stimulating topdressing it will make. We have since examined several old pastures, and the castings were numerous in each; but we noticed that they were fewest on the pastures where lime had been most used. This we set down to the hurtful effect that lime will be likely to have upon the wormlings. The earthworm is in more cases injurious to the gardener than the farmer. The giant lobworm occasionally carries the main leaf of a young plant bodily into its hole; and in gardens, the bareness of the soil enables the observer to notice that it is a common thing for worms to drag straws, grass blades, plants, leaves, &c., into their holes; but for what purpose these are carried down nothing definite is known. The things taken down, however, pass into manure. The worm in the garden has its uses if it has its faults; and when it partakes of "green meat," which it never does extensively, the food selected is generally some vegetable or root rendered soft by decay. They do not penetrate the soil to any great depth, because they require air. In stiff soils they are not generally found much beyond a foot from the surface, but on lighter soils, through which they bore with more ease, they may be found deeper. At all events, they go deep enough to permeate the soil, and air and drain it, at a depth to which the plough cannot reach, and for which, we fear, they get but little credit. Indeed, their usefulness is seldom thought of, whereas by the many they are still ignorantly looked up and loathed as the Wriggling tenants of the grave." -Scottish Farmer. " J. |