crust; cc, central cylinder (compressed or oval form); d, fractured anterior extremity of the same; e, posterior extremity or tail more or less covered by the tuberculous layer; f, eminences of the tuberculous layer of a conical form attached to the central cylinder, ? annelid-like; g, central longitudinal depression simulating dorsal vessel; h, commencement of a gemmiparous branch. Fig. 3. The same: fragment of a central cylinder, broken (compressed form) to show its ? segmented appearance, &c. a a, remains of concretionary crust; bb, mould of tuberculous layer therein; cc, portions of tuberculous layer adherent to the cylinder; dd, central cylinder, showing the segmented appearance; e, central longitudinal depression simulating position of dorsal vessel; ff, lateral linear depressions simulating positions respectively of lateral vessels or segmental grooves; g, line of fracture; h, portion whose other side is represented in fig. 6. Fig. 4. The same: branched form. a aa a, concretionary crust; bbbb, casts and moulds respectively of tuberculous layer; cc, ? parent circular cylinder; dddd, branches truncated respectively; e, ? gemmiparous projection or commencement of new branch on circular cylinder; f, form of the cells of that portion of the concretionary crust taken off g, where these cells (=mould of the tuberculous layer) are most regularly formed; hh, compressed cylinder. This specimen looks as if the circular branched cylinder (c c) were in contact with the compressed form (h h), all of which was enclosed within one and the same tuberculous layer, which was prolonged sheath-like upon the branches respectively. Fig. 5. The same: central cylinder (circular form) divested of the tuberculous layer to show the transverse reticular lineation. a, form of depressed reticular lineation with slightly raised or convex interstices (scale-like) where most regular. Fig. 6. The same: the other side of that portion of fig. 3 marked "h," to show the form of the tuberculous layer when divested of the concretionary crust and still adherent to the central cylinder. a, central cylinder (compressed form); bb, tuberculous layer; cc, situation of sponge-spicules. Fig. 7. The same: transverse section of a central cylinder (circular form), and its tuberculous layer divested of the concretionary crust, showing the relative position of the two former. a, central cylinder; b, tuberculous crust. Diagram. Fig. 8. The same: transverse section of a central cylinder (compressed form), to show the same. a, central cylinder; bb, tuberculous layer; cc, incrustation of sponge-spicules &c. XXXVIII.-Revision of the Lepidopterous Genus Cleis, with Descriptions of the new Species. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S. &c. THE genus Cleis is nearly allied to Callidula, Tyndaris, and Cleosiris. These four genera appear to me to be an aberrant group of the family Hypsidæ, and should be placed between the true Hypside and the Melameridæ. The following is a list of the species hitherto described or represented by specimens in the collection of the British Museum. 1. Cleis dichroa. Damias dichroa, Boisduval, Voy. de l'Astrolabe, i. Lep. p. 260. n. 3 (1832-35). Mysol (Wallace). Coll. B.M. Originally described as coming from "Offack and Bourou. The chief peculiarities of this species consist in the orange band of primaries commencing at the base of the costa as a slender border, and the uniformly brown secondaries. 2. Cleis arctata, n. sp. Allied to the preceding; purplish brown: primaries with a fulvous band, beginning very narrow at the middle of the costal margin and terminating on the outer margin, the lower half of which it occupies; its inner edge irregularly excised, its outer edge regular and oblique: secondaries with a narrow fulvous marginal band, which fades away before reaching the apex; fringe brown: underside clearer and brighter in colour; the band of primaries commencing at the base of costa, which it borders to the centre; its inner edge also regularly serrated the band of secondaries also tapering off gradually, not obscured as on the upper surface: body below bright ochreous. Expanse of wings 1 inch 4 lines. Ké Island (Wallace). This is a very well-marked species. 3. Cleis evander. Type, B.M. Papilio evander, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. cccxxxi. figs. F, G (1782). Amboina and Ceram (Wallace). Quite distinct from C. melacanthe, with which Walker placed it. 4. Cleis propinqua, n. sp. Allied to C. evander, but with the bands wider and deeper in colour, that of secondaries nearly twice as wide. Expanse of wings 1 inch 5 lines. , Ternate; ?, Celebes (Wallace). A local representative of the preceding species. 5. Cleis plagalis. Type, B.M. Cleis plagalis, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. iv. pl. cvii. fig. 22 (1874). Aru. 6. Cleis erycinoides. Cleis erycinoides, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. iv. pl. cvii. fig. 23 (1874). Ternate (Wallace). 7. Cleis fasciata, n. sp. B.M. 9. Above deep purplish brown; primaries crossed beyond the cell by a rather narrow oblique orange band, from the subcostal nervure to just below the second median branch, both margins of this band irregularly serrated; secondaries crossed by a slightly broader discal band, its inner edge sinuated between the nervures to the radial vein, above which the band is slightly broader to the second subcostal branch, whence it tapers to near the costa; palpi orange, spotted with black wings below with the band of primaries wider towards the costa than on the upper surface; a continuous submarginal lilac line; pectus and legs orange, venter with a central longitudinal pale ochreous stripe. Expanse of wings 1 inch 6 lines. Ternate (Wallace). Type, B.M. Readily distinguished from the preceding by the position and width of the orange bands, that of the primaries crossing the wing just beyond the discoidal cell, that of the secondaries having the brown border beyond it of double the width. 8. Cleis aruana, n. sp. Above chocolate-brown; primaries crossed immediately beyond the cell by a rather broad ochreous band from the subcostal to the first median branch; secondaries crossed from the inner margin to the first subcostal branch by a broad irregular terminally tapering ochreous patch, its central area almost circular: wings below with the ochreous areas paler and clearer; the basal half of costa in primaries orange; a dot in each of the discoidal cells and a squamose subapical spot in primaries lilac; body below ochreous. Expanse of wings 1 inch 6 lines. Aru (Wallace). Type, B.M. In coloration above this is most like C. versicolor; in the position of the band of primaries it agrees best with C. fasciata. 9. Cleis versicolor. Cleis versicolor, Felder, Reise der Nov. Lep. iv. pl. cvii. fig. 24 (1874). Dorey (Wallace). B.M. In the coloration of the under surface this species some what resembles Callidula; in structure, however, it agrees with Cleis. I believe the Agonis lycaenoides of Felder to be a slightly aberrant form of Cleosiris, to which genus the following species are referable-C. erycinoides (of Walker), C. anchora, C. Felderi, and C. catamita. 10. Cleis posticalis. Cleis posticalis, Guérin, Voy. Duperrey, Atlas, Ins. pl. 18. f. 5. Our example was recently presented to the collection by F. Du Cane Godman, Esq. The allied genus Callidula contains four species, C. petavius, C. abisara, C. sakuni, and C. jucunda; the genus Tyndaris, T. erycinata (the male of which is figured by Felder as that sex of his T. latifica) and T. latifica. The Damias elegans of Boisduval is probably congeneric with the Nyctemera subaspersa of Walker, for which, therefore, I shall provisionally retain the name. N. subaspersa, although coloured somewhat like Secusio annulata, has long, slender, filiform antennæ, and is more nearly allied to Cleis. XXXIX.-On the Elateride of New Zealand. By D. SHARP. IN this paper I have put together descriptions of all the beetles belonging to the family Elaterida I have been able to procure from New Zealand, and have indicated their structural characters in a manner which, although very imperfect, will, I believe, allow the names and affinities of most of the species to be determined without much difficulty. I have included under the Elateridæ four or five species of Eucnemide; for though several able entomologists consider the Eucnemidæ to be a distinct family, I am unable myself to consider them such so long as the present extension is granted to the Elaterida. The Eucnemidæ, in fact, possess no point of real distinction from the Elaterida: the form of the head (which is usually relied on to separate the two families) is not a sufficient character; for it undergoes various modifications in both the Eucnemidæ and Elateridæ, and in some species of Eucnemidæ its structure is more different from that of the typical members of the family than it is from that of the Elaterida. Taking the term Elateridæ, then, in this wide sense, I have been able to distinguish about sixty-two species (one of these species, however, is from the Chatham Islands). This must be considered a large number; for in Great Britain we have only sixty-six species; moreover the number of New-Zealand species will probably be greatly increased. Indeed there exist already two species which I have not been able to procure, viz. Drasterius nigellus, White (which is a Eucnemid), and Elater lateristrigatus of the same author. I have satisfied myself as to the names of the previously described species by an examination of the type. specimens in the collections of the British Museum and E. W. Janson, Esq. These sixty-two species may, it appears to me, be arranged in twenty-one groups or genera; and though I have wished very much to avoid making new generic names, I have unfortunately been obliged to propose such in the case of eleven of the groups; these names are Thoramus, Amphiplatys, Panspaus, Aglophus, Lomemus, Mecastrus, Parinus, Geranus, Protelater, Neocharis, Talerax. I must give an explanation of the terms I have used in describing the structure of the head. By the term forehead I mean all the upper surface of the head except the anterior part, and this latter I call the clypeus. It is this anterior part that undergoes so much variation in the family: sometimes it is abruptly deflexed so as to be placed quite at right angles to the forehead, and is sometimes even more or less bent inwards under the forehead, while in other cases this clypeus appears to be merely an extension forwards of the forehead in quite the same plane. as it; and in such cases it is often not easy to trace the line of demarcation between the two. By antennal spaces I allude to the depressions in which the cavities or points of insertion of the antennæ are placed. These antennal spaces are situated in the outer portion of the clypeus; and when they extend inwards they occupy more or less of its space and so alter its form. Lacordaire called these spaces in the Buprestidæ "antennary cavities;" but that term ought, I consider, to be used for the actual depression or cavity in which the basal joint of the antenna is inserted. He considered these antennary cavities" to be of great importance for the classification of the Buprestidæ, but to be unimportant in the Elateridæ. In this latter point I think he was mistaken; the antennal spaces appear to me to be of much importance in the Elateride as well as in the Buprestidæ. As points of general interest, it may be remarked that these sixty-two species of New-Zealand Elaterida show great variety of structure, and yet that they indicate a very isolated fauna. All the species are peculiar to these islands, except one |