Hesperia Kora. Alis utrinque atris: anticis punctis tribus hyalinis: posticis macula bipartita hyalina: alis infra fascia submarginali lilacina, anticis macula subapicali, posticis fascia lilacinis. Upperside black. Anterior wing with three transparent white spots-two between the branches of the median nervure, and one (minute) near the apex; a small white spot on the fringe at the anal angle. Posterior wing with a central bifid white transparent spot: the fringe white at the apex and anal angle. Underside as above, except that both wings have the nervures and a subapical band lilac, that there is a lilac spot near the apex of the anterior wing, and a lilac band near the base of the posterior wing. Exp. 1 inch. Hab. Brazil. In the collection of Dr. Staudinger. In general appearance like H. Čalvina. Hesperia Midia. Alis utrinque rufo-fuscis: anticis punctis quinque hyalinis punċtisque duobus albis: posticis infra puncto albo. Upperside rufous-brown. Anterior wing with five transparent white spots-two large and triangular between the branches of the median nervure, and three separate near the apex, and below them a minute dull white spot; a similar spot near the inner margin. Posterior wing with one dull white spot below the middle: the fringe rufous-white. Underside as above, except that it is paler, especially on the outer half, and that there is a second minute pale spot on the underside of the posterior wing. Exp. 18 inch. Hab. Chiriqui (Ribbe). In the collection of Dr. Staudinger. Hesperia Abima. Alis supra fuscis, anticis punctis quatuor hyalinis: anticis infra apice ochraceo: posticis omnino ochraceis, punctis quinque fuscis. Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing with four transparent spots-one, deeply sinuated, in the cell, two between the branches of the median nervure, and one near the apex; the costal and inner margin from the base to the middle clothed with ochreous hair. Posterior wing clothed with ochreous hair from the base to the middle. Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that the costal margin and apical half are ochreous. Posterior wing ochreous, with five undefined brown spots-two before the middle and three after. Exp. 14 inch. Hab. Macassar (Wallace). In the collection of W. C. Hewitson. Hesperia Hazarma. Alis supra rufo-fuscis: anticis infra fuscis, fascia margineque postico rufis posticis ochraceo-rufescentibus, macula nigra media. : Upperside rufous-brown. Underside. Anterior wing dark brown, with the costal and outer margins rufous, a curved band of paler colour commencing near the apex and ending at the middle of the wing in two separate spots. Posterior wing pale ochreous brown, marked at the middle by a distinct black spot and near it two minute brown spots; crossed near the outer margin by two bands of pale yellow. Exp. 1 inch. In the collection of Dr. Staudinger. Hesperia Neba. Alis supra fuscis: anticis margine costali ochraceo, punctis octo hyalinis posticis fascia flava quinquepartita: his infra pallide rufescentibus macula anali triangulari fusca. Upperside dark brown, the fringe broad and white. Anterior wing with the costal margin ochreous: eight transparent white spots-two in the cell and one below them, three near the apex and two below them: a triangular pale yellow spot near the inner margin. Posterior wing with a transverse band a little below the middle, of five pale yellow spots divided by the nervures. Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that the apical half is grey. Posterior wing grey, with the abdominal fold dark brown. inch. Exp. 1 In the collection of W. C. Hewitson. Hesperia Optata. Alis utrinque rufo-fuscis: anticis infra plaga atra plagisque duabus flavis posticis plaga flava. Upperside rufous-brown, paler at the middle of the anterior wing, the fringe rufous-yellow, the head and thorax tinted with lilac-blue. Underside rufous. Anterior wing with a band of dark brown from the base to beyond the middle, bordered below with pale yellow. Posterior wing with the base rufous-brown, tinted with purple and bordered below with pale yellow. inch. Exp. 1 In the collection of Dr. Staudinger. Unlike any other species in the strange colouring of the underside. Hesperia Onasima. Alis utrinque rufo-fuscis: anticis punctis quatuor (duobus sub apicem minutissimis) hyalinis: posticis punctis duobus hyalinis: anticis infra plaga flava. Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing with four transparent white spots-two between the branches of the median nervure and two (very minute) near the apex. Posterior wing with two central transparent spots. Underside as above, except that it is red-brown, that the anterior wing has a small pale yellow spot in the cell, and a large yellow spot bordered with dark brown near the inner margin. Exp. 1 Hab. Brazil. inch. In the collection of Dr. Staudinger. VI.-Remarks on Observations by Captain Hutton, Director of the Otago Museum, on Peripatus novæ-zealandiæ*, with Notes on the Structure of the Species. By H. N. MoOSELEY, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, Naturalist to the 'Challenger' Expedition. THE above-cited paper by Captain Hutton, which appeared in the November number of this Journal, contains so many * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov. 1876, statements concerning the structure of Peripatus which are at variance with my own observations, and, indeed, with zoological probability, that it cannot be allowed to pass without comment. I described various points in the structure of Peripatus capensis, in a paper in the Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. vol. clxiv. 1874, p. 757, confining my remarks to those particulars which seemed to have been missed or erroneously described by former observers; and I further described the development of the species. The points of chief interest which I determined, and which were new to science, were: 1. That Peripatus was a tracheate. 2. That the tracheal openings were diffused over the bodysurface, not confined to certain restricted regions only, as in all other tracheates. 3. That the animal was not hermaphrodite, but that the sexes were separate. 4. That the supposed testis of Grube was a slime-secreting gland, the mode of use of which was explained. 5. That Peripatus was viviparous, and that its horny jaws were foot-jaws, homologous with those of Arthropods and not with those of Annelids. Captain Hutton, who unfortunately had access to the abstract of my paper only, as will be seen by reference to his paper, confirms some of my points by his investigations of P. nova-zealandiæ, but comes to the extraordinary results that this closely related species is not unisexual but hermaphrodite, and that the horny jaws are not foot-jaws, but homologous with those of Annelids. When H.M.S. Challenger' was at Wellington, Mr. W. T. L. Travers, who has done so much for science in New Zealand, and who first drew Captain Hutton's attention to the existence of P.nova-zealandia, brought me off some specimens of the animal to the ship, and gave me such information about its whereabouts that collectors sent from the ship were able to procure me about fifty living specimens. I was unable to refer to special publications at the time; and I thought the Peripatus was certainly already named; but I examined some of the specimens at once, and made notes, which I should have published long ago had not press of work prevented me, P. nova-zealandic is not hermaphrodite, but has welldeveloped males, which, however, as is the case with the Cape species, are less numerous than the females. Captain Hutton has been unlucky, as was Grube; and his twenty specimens have all been females. The males have their generative organs in essential structure exactly similar to those of P. capensis; but the organs differ in that the prostates are considerably larger in proportion to the testes in P. nova-zealandiæ. The testes are placed one above the other in the body-cavity in both species. The common termination of the male ducts is very muscular, and evidently acts as an intromittent organ. It is more developed in P. nova-zealandia for this purpose than in P. capensis. It twists under the nerve-cord to reach the external generative aperture on the right side, as in most cases in P. capensis. This enlarged terminal duct or penis was found in P. novæzealandia to be provided with a mass of unicellular accessory glands imbedded in its wall, in an enlargement near its outward termination. It contained in some cases a long spermatophore, forming a stiff rod distending the whole length of the enlarged duct, and composed of felted spermatozoa. The connexion of the vasa deferentia with the penis was not properly made out, nor the junction of the left duct with the right. The arrangement is possibly different from the peculiar one existing in P. capensis. Captain Hutton has evidently mistaken portions of spermatophores present in the upper part of the oviduct for the testes. Large masses of spermatozoa penetrate the oviduct. and pass right into the ovary in a similar manner in P. capensis (see my paper, pl. lxxiv. fig. 1a). Captain Hutton must have been entirely deceived in imagining he saw vasa deferentia. Had he established his position, P. nova-zealandiæ would have been not only an hermaphrodite, but one of the most extraordinary in existence, considering its affinities. The testes are, according to him, mere appendages of the oviduct, with very short ducts opening into the oviducts close to the ovary; and he avers that the ova are fertilized in the oviduct immediately on their leaving the ovary, on their reaching these openings of the male ducts. These are his words (l, c. p. 367):-" On passing the vesiculæ seminales it (the ovum) becomes fecundated, and total segmentation ensues." P. novazealandic would thus be a self-impregnating hermaphrodite according to our author, in which cross-fertilization would never occur. With regard to the development of the jaws, Captain Hutton's description runs (l. c. p. 367), "Two large oval or pyriform swellings arise from the lower surface of the cephalic lobes, just in front of the opening of the gullet; a longitudinal depression is formed in each of these by invagination; and in these depressions the teeth are subsequently |