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ground-colour becomes yellower in tint: primaries with a large bifid black spot cross the middle of the cell; a second similar spot divided by the base of the first median branch; a broad patch (widest upon the costa) across the discocellulars; two small, quadrate, discal black spots, placed obliquely upon the median interspaces; a broad, tapering, subapical patch, dentated externally, its base resting upon the costal margin; a large, subquadrate chocolate patch, confluent with the submarginal series (so as to enclose a lunule of the ground-colour) at external angle, and two linear, subapical, angulated markings of the same colour, but feebly indicated: secondaries with a rounded subcostal spot, an elongated, oblique, discocellular spot, and a spot at the base of each median interspace black a broad discal macular band of chocolate, only separated from the submarginal spots of the same colour by a series of five golden-orange lunate spots: body brown; crest, collar, and thorax densely clothed with bright olivegreen hairs having bright bronze reflections; palpi grey, fringed on their upper edge with white, their inferior surface white, edged externally with black. Wings below brown, varied with grey, and covered with irregular black striæ; two extremely irregular transverse black lines, indicating a central band; the disk of primaries and a broad, subapical, costal patch on the secondaries, white, clouded with grey and striated with grey and black; a discal series of more or less rounded spots, and a submarginal series of lunated spots, golden green: secondaries with a central, silvery white, semicircular marking; pectus purplish grey; tibiæ and tarsi yellow; venter grey, yellowish towards the anus. Expanse of wings 2 inches 2 lines.

About 370 miles from Tokei (Yedo).

V. hamigera is probably the species erroneously referred to C. album by Mr. Murray; it is utterly distinct.

Argynnis nerippe, Felder.

A very fine example, differing from the typical form in having the submarginal spots of secondaries tawny, and the ocelli below as large as the black spots above.

About 370 miles from Tokei.

Argynnis rabdia, n. sp.

Argynnis daphne, Butler (nec Denis), Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 1866; Murray, Ent. Mo. Mag. xiii. p. 33, 1876.

This species is certainly distinct from its European congener, being larger, paler, less heavily spotted above and much more

so below, much duller and more sickly-coloured on the underside, with the transverse lines of secondaries chocolate-brown; the lilacine streaks replaced by slaty grey. Expanse of wings

2 inches 3 lines.

About 370 miles from Tokei.

A. rabdia differs from A. daphne in structure as follows:Palpi longer; primaries more produced, their outer margin not convex (more inclined to be concave), scarcely undulated. An example from Hakodadi, in the Museum, more nearly resembles A. daphne, but still differs too evidently from it to admit of their being associated together.

Colias palano, Linnæus.

Of this species Mr. Fenton says:-" I had great trouble in capturing two couples on the side of a barren volcanic mountain covered with scanty grass, low herbs, and wind-dwarfed pines, at an elevation of about 7000 feet above sea-level (registered by a pocket aneroid).'

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Thecla japonica, Murray.

About 370 miles from Tokei.

Mr. Murray need not be in the slightest degree alarmed for his species; it is perfectly distinct from T. smaragdina. We have the latter from Hakodadi.

Before passing on to Chinese species, I should wish to make a few remarks upon Mr. Murray's paper, "List of Japanese Butterflies," because if it be, as its author states, merely preliminary, it will be well for him to have an opportunity of weighing my opinions against his own, and, at any rate, he will have the advantage of any little facts which I am able to give him (or any other who may wish to study Japanese butterflies).

Lethe diana is not only not identical with S. marginalis, Motsch., but is probably not congeneric with it; the latter is, in all probability, a Mycalesis. L. Whitelyi is perfectly distinct from Lasiommata Maakii, being quite different in form, colour, and marking.

Pronophila Schrenki is not a Satyrus, but a Lethe.

Argynnis ella is = A. anadyomene; the A. daphnis of Motschoulsky is probably A. nerippe; A. adippe is not Japanese..

It is extremely doubtful whether Araschnia burejana is A. strigosa, although I have regarded them as possibly identical. Neptis aceris (var. eurynome). Under this name Mr. Mur

ray has confounded two very distinct species, neither of which is identical with Westwood's species.

As regards the white and yellow butterflies I will say nothing, or I might overstep the bounds of courtesy, which (especially to a friend) I would rather avoid.

The following butterflies from Shanghai have been liberally presented to the collection by Mr. W. B. Pryer.

Neope segonax, Hewitson.

This appears to differ sufficiently from N. Muirheadii to be kept separate.

Lethe syrcis, Hewitson.

We previously only possessed the female of this species.

Lethe lanaris, n. sp.

3. Wings smoky brown, the disk of primaries rather paler; the basal area of all the wings densely clothed with woolly hair: primaries with a dusky submarginal line: secondaries with five indistinct ocelli, the first four dusky, with scarcely traceable irides, the fifth larger, dull black, with white pupil and diffused sordid testaceous iris; a whitish submarginal stripe, intersected by a blackish line. Primaries below with the basal two thirds uniformly smoky brown, apical third and internal area greyish; five discal ocelli in an almost straight line (the first and last slightly smaller), black, with white pupils, yellow irides, and dusky zones surrounded with lilacine; a whitish submarginal stripe intersected by a blackish line: secondaries smoky brown, crossed by two dusky central lines, the outer one concave to third median branch, and then angulated to back of apical ocellus; six discal ocelli, the first and fifth four times as large as the others (which are of the size of those in the primaries), similar in character to those of primaries; outer border whitish, with a submarginal black line; margin black. Expanse of wings 2 inches 10 lines.

Near to Lasiommata Maaki of Bremer and Pronophila Schrenki of Ménétriés.

Pararge deidamia, Eversmann.

This is the male of P. Ménétriésii.

Mycalesis sangaica, n. sp.

Allied to M. janardana. Wings above smoky brown outer border narrowly whity brown, with marginal and sub

marginal black lines; primaries with a large ocellus on first median interspace, black, with white pupil and narrow yellow iris. Wings below sandy brown, mottled with grey, crossed by a central narrow externally diffused lilacine streak; outer border narrowly whity brown, with submarginal and marginal dark brown lines: primaries with four ocelli, the second and third extremely small and sometimes obsolete, the first also small but well-defined, the fourth much larger, black with white pupils and yellow irides; secondaries with seven ocelli of similar character, but surrounded by pale zones, the second, third, and seventh very small, the fifth largest. Expanse of wings 1 inch 11 lines.

This species is also in the Museum from Mongolia.

Synchloë sordida, n. sp.

d. Wings above white, base blackish: primaries with the basal half of costa grey; an oblong costal patch at apex, its inner margin dentated, its externo-inferior angle confluent with the first of three subapical marginal conical spots, all greyish brown secondaries with a costal and four decreasing squamose marginal spots blackish. Primaries below with the basal three fifths of discoidal cell and the basal half of costa densely irrorated with dark grey; apical area sandy yellow, sparsely irrorated with grey; two discal blackish spots as in S. rapæ : secondaries pale yellow, densely irrorated with dark grey, excepting the veins and internervular folds; base of costa golden orange. Expanse of wings 2 inches 4 lines. Allied to, but very distinct from, S. rapæ.

Synchloë claripennis, n. sp.

d. Wings above white, with black markings nearly as in S. gliciria, but the base less suffused with grey, and the large discal black spots of primaries absent on the upper surface: primaries below with the discal spots well marked and large, the basal two fifths of the cell grey; secondaries with the lower half of the cell and the median interspaces greyish, base of costa broadly orange. Expanse of wings 2 inches 8 lines.

Mr. Pryer has several examples of this species.

Pyrgus sinicus, n. sp.

Allied to P. maculatus ; primaries the same; secondaries above with the central transverse interrupted streak composed of only three well-separated white spots, the outer or discal

series of five spots, all small: secondaries below very different from P. maculatus, sordid white; a rather broad olive-brown band, shorter than the darker band of P. maculatus, and crossed by white veins, indistinctly bordered with white internally, and broadly white-bordered externally; the internomedian, first median, and discoidal interspaces irrorated with the same brown (beyond the white border); external area broadly brown, its inner half blackish; no trace of the angulated submarginal white streak common to P. maculatus; fringe white, spotted with brown. Expanse of wings 1 inch 3 lines.

I have seen several examples of this species.

VIII.-On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador.
By the Rev. THOMAS HINCKS, B.A., F.R.S.

[Plates X. & XI.]

THE species noticed in the present paper were obtained by Dr. Wallich off the coasts of Iceland and Labrador. For the opportunity of examining them I am indebted to Mr. Busk. Some new forms occur amongst them; and they have besides their special interest as illustrating local variation and geographical distribution.

The material which I have dealt with in this paper has been for a very long time in my hands, but after partial examination was laid aside under the pressure of other engage

ments.

ICELANDIC SPECIES.

Order INFUNDIBULATA.

Suborder Cheilostomata.

Genus HIPPOTHOA, Lamx.

1. Hippothoa expansa, Norman.

A single specimen of this form occurs on shell. Off Reikiavik, in 100 fathoms, amongst icebergs. All the Icelandic species were taken in this locality.

[Arctic seas, not uncommon (Norman, 'Valorous' dredgings); Shetland (id.).]

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol. xix.

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