if, however, it cannot be seen by the Bishop, he will take it to the throne.

19. After the incensation of the Altar, the Deacon incenses the Celebrant with two swings; he then goes to where the Bishop is, and presents the thurible to the Assistant Priest, who incenses the Bishop with three swings.1 The Deacon retakes the thurible, and having incensed the Assistants of the Bishop with two swings each, proceeds with the rest as usual.

20. For the Elevation the Bishop, if at the throne, will advance to kneel at the faldstool prepared in the centre of the choir before the Altar. At his arrival, the Subdeacon will retire a little to the Epistle side, and turn himself towards that of the Gospel, in such a manner as neither to have his back towards the Altar nor the Bishop. When the Deacon and Subdeacon kneel before the Elevation, the Bishop's zucchetto is taken off by his Master of Ceremonies, who restores it when the chalice is replaced on the Altar, at which time also the Bishop and his Assistants return to the throne.

21. The Assistant Priest first, before the Deacon, receives at the Altar the Pax from the Celebrant. He gives it afterwards to the Bishop, who himself gives it to his Assistant Deacons. The Assistant Priest having given the Pax to the Bishop, gives it to the Subdeacon, who gives it to the choir as usual. (Ibid. lib. i. cap. xxv. n. 8—10.)

22. After the Celebrant has said Placeat Tibi, &c., he retires a little towards the Epistle side; the Bishop, remaining at his seat, stands covered, and gives the solemn benediction, saying: Sit nomen, &c. The Celebrant, turned towards the Bishop, inclines himself profoundly; the Deacon and Subdeacon kneel, unless they are Canons. The Deacon should be on a step lower, to the left of the Celebrant, and the Subdeacon on a still lower step, to the left of the Deacon, so as to form with the other Ministers a semicircle on that side opposite the Bishop. When the Bishop begins the words of the benediction all kneel, with the exception of the Celebrant and Canons.

23. The Bishop will unvest at the place where he vested, and retire as usual.

1 An si Episcopus assistat cum cappa debeat stare cum bireto vel sine, dum incensatur a Presbytero assistente?-Resp. Sine bireto. (S. R. C.)

CHAPTER V.

SOLEMN MASS FOR THE DEAD, SUNG IN PRESENCE OF THE BISHOP.

1. WHEN the Bishop desires to assist at Solemn Mass for the Dead, he will be either vested in the usual manner, the cope being of purple, or black, or retain his cappa. Having made the Confession more solito with the Celebrant, he goes with his Assistants to his seat, which should be covered with cloth (but not silk) of purple colour. (Cærem. Epis. lib. ii. cap. xii. n. 1.)

2. When the Celebrant sings Dominus vobiscum before the Collect, the Bishop goes to the faldstool before the Altar, where at the Oremus he kneels, and, being uncovered, remains there until the end of the Collects, when he returns to his seat. Then, and not before, the Assistant Priest will go to his seat. (Ibid. n. 2.)

3. At the Offertory, the Bishop puts incense into the thurible, saying Per intercessionem, &c.; he is also incensed by the Assistant Priest after the Celebrant. The Sanctus being said, the bishop goes to the faldstool, and remains kneeling until the Agnus Dei, exclusively, when he returns with his Assistants to the throne, where they say it without striking the breast. At this function the Canons do not form circles round the Bishop, to repeat with him the various parts of the Mass. At the Post-Communion the Bishop again goes to the faldstool, where he kneels until the end of the Prayers; he then returns to his seat, and neither gives the benediction nor publishes an Indulgence. (Ibid. n. 3-5.)

4. The Mass being finished, if a sermon be given, the Preacher does not ask a benediction from the Bishop; but, having made a reverence to the Altar and to the Bishop, goes to the pulpit to deliver it. This over, should the Bishop desire to give the Absolution, he is divested of his cappa, and vested in amice upon the rochet or cotta, pectoral Cross, stole, black cope, and simple mitre. All things being ready, he proceeds as in Chapter III. Art. V. above. (Ibid. n. 5.)

CHAPTER VI.

PONTIFICAL VESPERS BY A BISHOP NOT IN HIS OWN DIOCESE. ARTICLE I.-Preparations.

1. In the Sacristy, copes for the Assistants and Cantors. 2. The High Altar is prepared as in Chap. I. n. 2, and on it are placed the cope (unfolded), the stole, the pectoral Cross, the girdle, the alb, and the amice; all of which should be covered with a veil of the same colour as the vestments. A parte Evangelii the costly mitre is placed, as also the veil for the Clerk who holds it; and, a parte Epistolæ, the plain mitre.

3. On the Credence, the candles for the Acolytes, the choir-book, the canon for the benediction, and the bugia. A parte Epistolæ, the faldstool and cushion for the Bishop, as in Chap. I. n. 7.

4. In the Choir, two stools for the Cope-men;1 in their proper places, the thurible and incense-boat; and, in a suitable situation, a small grate of fire, with tongs.

ARTICLE II.-Departure from the Sacristy to the beginning of Vespers.

5. The Cope-men being vested, issue from the sacristy, with heads covered, preceded by the second Master of Ceremonies, and followed by the Clerks appointed to serve the Bishop: should they pass before the Altar of the Blessed Sacrament, they will make a genuflection. Having arrived at the High Altar, the Cope-men, being arranged in a straight line, make a genuflection; the two Assistants then consign their birrettas to the second Master of Ceremonies; and the first places himself at the right, and the second at the left of the Bishop's seat, where they remain standing, with hands joined, and their faces turned towards the people. The two Cantors proceed to their seats, where they remain facing the Altar. The Clerks, after making their genuflection, retire to their places.

Note. In those churches where it is customary for the Cope-men to vest at the Altar and not in the sacristy, two copes are prepared upon the credence for the Assistants, and

The number of Cope-men varies, according to the solemnity of the Feast, from two to six. Their position in the choir is in front of the Altar, on either side of the entrance to the Sanctuary ;-that is, if they do not sit on the steps of the Altar (see No. 10, page 131).

K

the others are placed upon the stools. The two Priests appointed to assist the Bishop, vested in surplice, with their birrettas in their hands, issue from the sacristy, preceded by the second Master of Ceremonies, and followed by the Clerks, who aid the Bishop. Having arrived at the Altar, and genuflected at the centre, they station themselves as above at the sides of the faldstool, and having given their birrettas to the Master of Ceremonies, they put on their copes, aided by the Acolytes. They then await the Bishop more solito. Whilst the Bishop is vesting, the Cope-men, aided by the Acolytes, put on their copes.1

6. The Assistants and Cantors being thus arranged, the Bishop, accompanied by the first Master of Ceremonies, proceeds to the High Altar (observing all those rules which we have given in Chap. I.), then to the faldstool, where he will be saluted by the Assistants and Clerks.

7. The Bishop having taken his seat, the second Master of Ceremonies will proceed to the Altar to distribute the vestments amongst the Clerks, and all will proceed as in Chap. I., except that the Bishop does not wash his hands. When the Bishop rises to put on the amice, the Master of Ceremonies unlaces his train, and allows it to sweep the ground. The Bishop being vested, and having on the costly mitre, the two Assistants make a reverence to him, and then change places; that is, the first proceeds to the left, and the second to the right of the Bishop, standing with their faces towards the people.

8. This being completed, the two Cantors, vested in copes, proceed to the centre, genuflect, and station themselves before the Bishop. At this moment the Assistants place themselves between the two Cantors, and thus all standing in a straight line make a reverence to the Bishop; the first Assistant will take off his mitre, and the Bishop, rising up, will face the Altar with the Cope-men, having the first Assistant on the right, the second on the left, and the Cantors behind.

ARTICLE III. From the Commencement of Vespers to the Conclusion.

9. The Bishop having turned towards the Altar, says in secret the Pater noster and Ave Maria, the two Clerks presenting themselves before him, one with the choir-book, and

The Author in this note does not prescribe for the entrance of the Cantors; they may, however, enter with the Assistants.

the other with the bugia. Having finished the Ave Maria, he will sing Deus in adjutorium, &c., the first Assistant raising the border of his cope, to enable him readily to make the sign of the Cross. The Deus in adjutorium being sung, the first Cantor approaches the Bishop's right, to give him the tone of the first antiphon; this being done, both pause behind the bishop; the two clerks, who hold the book and the bugia, will, after the intonation of the antiphon, make a reverence to the Bishop, and having deposited all on the credence, retire to their places.

10. Whilst the Dixit Dominus is being intoned, the Bishop takes his seat, as in Chap. I. n. 25. The Master of Ceremonies arranges the Bishop's cope in such a manner as to cover the faldstool; and the first Assistant puts on the plain mitre. Then the two Assistants stand between the Cantors, and all in a straight line make a reverence to the Bishop, and a genuflection at the centre. The two Assistants sit down on the steps of the Altar, in such a manner that the first may be the nearest to the Bishop: the second Master of Ceremonies presents their birrettas to them. The Cantors having mutually saluted, proceed to sit down in their places.

11. The first Master of Ceremonies stands at the left of the Bishop during the entire Vespers, and intimates to him when to incline his head, as at the Gloria Patri, at the names of JESUS, Mary, &c.

12. The five Psalms being terminated, the Cantors rise and proceed to the Altar; the two Assistants rise also (giving their birrettas to the second Master of Ceremonies), and station themselves between the former. They all genuflect to the Altar, and proceed in front of the Bishop, observing to make an inclination to him. The Bishop rises, turns towards the Altar, having the first Assistant on the right, and the second on the left. The last Cope-man having received the choir-book from the second Master of Ceremonies, sings the Capitulum in the place where the Epistle is usually sung. (Carem. Episc. lib. ii. cap. i. n. 2.)

13. The little Chapter over, the first Cantor pre-intones the Hymn for the Bishop, who, upon taking his seat, has his mitre taken off by the first Assistant. He then rises and turns to the Altar, having the Assistants at his sides, and intones the Hymn (Carem. Episc. ibid.) out of the choirbook, sustained by a Clerk, another ministering the bugia. 14. The Hymn being intoned, the Bishop and Assistants in copes remain standing, and facing the Altar. The Cantors