tion it is not rung at any other time during the Mass. (Ibid. n. 6.) If there be not three Chaplains, the two candles may be held by other persons becomingly dressed; or they may be placed upon candelabra, and be extinguished after the Communion. (Ibid. n. 7.)

6. The Bishop twice washes his hands during Mass,-after the Offertory and after the Communion. (Ibid. n. 10.) He also washes them after the preparations, when he has taken off the mozetta; and after the unvesting at the end of Mass, before he receives the mozetta: such is the practice at Rome. The second Chaplain ministers the water, and the first the towel upon a salver (Baldeschi); or, as the Ceremonial gives it: "Semper in lotione, familiaris aliquis ministrat aquam, et pelvim; capellani vero mantile." (Ibid. n. 10.)

7. The Chaplains will genuflect whenever the Bishop does so, or makes a profound inclination to the Cross; not being sacris induti, they will follow the ordinary rule, and kneel from the commencement to the end of the Confession (Rubr. Miss. tit. ii. n. 6); and at the Elevation and Communion. (Baldeschi, ibid. n. 5.)

8. When giving anything to the Bishop, they should first kiss that which is given, and then the Prelate's hand; but in receiving anything, they should first kiss the Bishop's hand, and then the thing received. In Masses for the Dead, these kisses are not given. (Baldeschi, ibid.)

9. When the Bishop uses the zucchetto during Mass, the second Chaplain takes it off immediately before the Preface, and puts it on again after the Ablution. Should the Bishop not have the faculty, it is taken off after he has received the chasuble, and put on again when he has quitted the sacred vestments. (Baldeschi, ibid. n. 8.)

10. All things being prepared, the Bishop is informed of it by the first Chaplain, who presents him the aspersory at the door of the church. The Bishop makes a short prayer before the Blessed Sacrament, and then kneels at his faldstool to read the preparations for Mass; the Chaplains not engaged holding the book and bugia remain kneeling, a little behind. The Bishop then washes his hands, and advancing to the foot of the Altar, vests for Mass. The Chaplains present the vestments which are to be kissed by the Bishop, and vest him in due order.

11. When the chasuble is no longer upon the Altar, one of the Chaplains takes the chalice from the credence, and

places it upon the Altar, in the same manner as for the ordinary Low Mass; some authors, however, enjoin the chalice to be brought to the Altar whilst the Bishop is saying the Credo; or, if there be no Credo, during the Gospel. The Chaplain, who is placed on the left of the Bishop, will be careful to take the maniple, in order to be ready to place it, with the usual kisses, on the Prelate's arm, after the Indulgentiam. (Rubr. Miss.) In Masses for the Dead, the Bishop will have received it when vesting, at the same time as a simple Priest. (Rubr. ibid.)

12. The Chaplains will remain near enough to the Bishop to respond, turn over the leaves of the book, &c. When there are two to perform these offices, and the Bishop is in the middle of the Altar, they remain, one on his right, and the other on his left; but if the Bishop be on the Epistle side, they both remain at his right; and if on the Gospel side, they remain at his left, so that the Bishop may always be the nearest to the centre of the Altar.

13. If at the Bishop's Mass some Prelate or great Prince be present, then none will kiss the text of the Gospel save the Bishop himself. Should a Cardinal or superior Prince assist, then some other Missal should be carried, that he may kiss it, and not the one used by the celebrating Bishop. The Chaplain who carries the book to be kissed should not make a salutation before, but only after having closed it; he will genuflect according to the dignity of the person to whom he carries it. (Baldeschi, ibid. n. 6.)

14. If there be present a Cardinal, Prince, or greater Prelate than the Bishop celebrating, after the Agnus Dei, the second Chaplain, having taken the instrument of the Pax with the napkin, kneels upon the predella at the right of the Bishop, and after he has said Pax tecum, responds Et cum spiritu tuo. The Bishop having kissed the instrument, he carries it to be kissed by the Cardinals or Princes who assist; he will commence with the highest Dignitary, and say to each, Pax tecum, observing not to make a sign of reverence to any, until he has first presented it.

15. At the end of Mass, the Bishop gives the blessing more Episcopali, saying, Sit nomen, &c., and making three signs of the Cross (Rubr. ibid.), but without crosier and mitre.

16. Immediately after the last Gospel, a Chaplain takes the chalice to the credence, should it not have been transferred

immediately after the ablutions; and the Bishop having descended to the foot of the Altar, is divested of his sacred vestments, which are placed on the middle of the Altar, in the same order in which they had been prepared for Mass. The Bishop washes his hands, and reads the thanksgiving more solito at the faldstool, the Chaplains assisting with the book and bugia.

CHAPTER X.

MASS IN PRESENCE OF GREAT PRELATES.

1. WE mean here by great Prelates, Cardinals, in any part of the world; Patriarchs and Archbishops, in any part of their province; Bishops, in their diocese; Nuncios or Legates, in the place of their legation. We do not speak of other Prelates, nor even of those we have just enumerated, when they are supposed to be unknown, and when they are not in habitu.1

2. If time permit, the Priest in sacred vestments arrives before the Prelate, and remains at the Altar, below the steps on the Gospel side, with hands joined, and face turned towards the Epistle corner. He should have placed beforc

hand the chalice and Missal on the Altar.

3. He salutes the Prelate when he arrives by a profound inclination; and after having received from him a sign of permission to commence the Mass, he again salutes him, turns himself a little towards the Altar, makes in the same place a profound inclination, and there commences the Mass. (Rubr. Miss. part ii. tit. iii. n. 2.)

4. Should the Prelate have arrived before the Priest, the latter, on coming up, whether he carry the chalice or not, will salute him in a convenient place; afterwards he makes the reverence to the Altar, places the chalice upon it, and afterwards descends to the place we have given above, where, after an inclination to the Prelate and to the Cross, he commences the Mass.

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5. At the Confiteor, in place of saying, Et vobis fratres .

1 In which cases, they would kneel at a faldstool, prepared either before the

Altar, or on the Epistle side. (Carem. Episc. lib. i. cap. xxx. n. 1.)

2 Or genuflection, should the Blessed Sacrament be in the Tabernacle. See the preceding note.

et vos fratres, he says (turning and inclining himself towards the Prelate): Et tibi, Pater... et te, Pater. (Rubr. ibid. n. 8.) Should more than one Prelate be present, he will say: Et vobis Patres . . . et vos Patres.

6. After the Confiteor, having said Oremus, he salutes the Prelate, and goes up to the Altar by the centre, where he continues the Mass more solito. (Rubr. ibid. n. 10.)

7. After the Gospel, he does not kiss the Missal, nor does he say, Per Evangelica dicta; it is the Prelate who should kiss the book, which a Clerk presents to him open. (Rubr. ibid. tit. vi. n. 2.) In case no Prelate should kiss the book, as when many of equal dignity are present, then the book is not presented, neither also will the Priest himself kiss it. If among the Prelates present, there be one of greater dignity, the book is carried to be kissed by him only. The Prelate does not bless the water at the Offertory. (Carem. Epis. lib. i. cap. xxx. n. 3.)

8. When the Mass is not for the Dead, after the first of the three Prayers, between the Agnus Dei and the Communion, the Priest kisses the Altar at the middle; afterwards kissing the instrument of the Pax, which is presented to him by a Clerk kneeling on his right, he says, Pax tecum; the Clerk answers, Et cum spiritu tuo. (Rubr. ibid. tit. x. n. 3.) The Clerk afterwards carries it covered with the veil for the Prelate to kiss, and for all to kiss, if there be more than one; he says to each, Pax tecum; to which they reply, Et cum spiritu tuo. The Clerk who carries the Pax does not salute the Prelate on arriving, but with a due reverence, after the instrument of the Pax has been kissed. (Carem. Epis. lib. i. cap. xxix. n. 8.) In the mean time the Priest continues the other Prayers.

9. For the benediction, having said, Benedicat vos Omnipotens Deus, he makes an inclination to the Cross; then turning himself towards the Prelate, he makes to him a profound inclination, as if to ask his permission to bless, and gives the benediction upon the people on that side not occupied by the Prelate, saying, Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus Sanctus. (Rubr. ibid. tit. xii. n. 3.) If the Prelate be in the middle, the benediction is given towards the side of the Gospel.

10. After the last Gospel, the Priest returns to his place towards the Prelate, without going to the middle of the Altar, and salutes him with a profound inclination. (Rubr. ibid. n. 5.) He does not depart until the Prelate has retired.

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11. Should the Prelate remain, the Priest will go to the middle of the Altar, take the chalice, descend below the steps, make a profound inclination, first to the Cross, and then to the Prelate; afterwards he puts on his birretta, and retires to unvest.

Note. When Prelates are beyond the limits of their jurisdiction, only the instrument of the Pax is given them to kiss; they are saluted as well in going to the Altar as in retiring from it, and also, according to some, after the last Gospel. For the rest, the Mass proceeds as though they were not present. When a secular Prince of high distinction is present at Mass, the same things are observed as in the case of great Prelates, with the exception of the following :— 1st, at the Confiteor, Vobis, fratres. . . . Vos, fratres, is said, and no inclination made; 2nd, after the Gospel, a Missal is given him to kiss, not that which is on the Altar, which only the Celebrant kisses, but some other prepared for the purpose; 3rd, and lastly, the Priest does not incline towards him before the benediction, but gives it over him.

CHAPTER XI.

THE EPISCOPAL VISITATION OF PARISHES.

In order to assist the clergy in the visitation of the Bishop, it is proposed to give in three articles, first, an account of what should be prepared beforehand; secondly, a list of those things which the Bishop visits, and of the subjects which he will notice; both taken from Gavantus, Praxis Compend. Visit. Epis.; and, lastly, an extract from the Pontificale Romanum of the order of the prescribed ceremonies.

ARTICLE I.—Preparations.

1. The High Altar should be prepared for Mass or for the Episcopal Benediction; it will be furnished with six candlesticks, and if the Bishop solemnly celebrate Mass, a seventh; at the centre of the Altar, the canon open at the Pontifical Blessing, and the bugia on one side; and at the Epistle corner, on a stand or cushion, the Missal open at the prayer of the patron saint of the Church.

2. On the credence, the chalice, and other things necessary for the Mass; a basin, ewer of water, crumb of bread, and