It was referred by Coues to his curtatus. It is much smaller and somewhat paler than the others (except No. 3055), and is appar ently referable to Arvicola austerus minor Merriam, with which it agrees closely in size and dentition.

Mr. True has also sent to me for examination what remains (the skull only) of Baird's type of his Arvicola (Pedomys) cinnamomeus, which demands consideration in the present connection, since this name has priority of two pages over his A. haydenii, in case the two should prove the same.

Arvicola (Pedomys) cinnamomeus Baird.

This species was based on a single specimen from Pembina, North Dakota, of which only the skull is now extant. According to Baird, it bears a close resemblance in external characters to A. austerus, from which it was separated in part on peculiarities of dentition, which both Dr. Coues' and Dr. Merriam' consider to be probably abnormal. After an examination of the skull, however, I find myself unable to share this opinion. In addition to the unusual character of the enamel folds of the last upper molar, as noted by Baird, there is the great length and narrowness of the whole skull, and particularly of the rostral portion, as correctly stated by Professor Baird. He also refers to the large size of the Pembina specimen, in comparison with typical (Illinois) examples of austerus, the greater length of the tail, the larger size of the nail on the thumb, and the smaller earsfeatures now impossible to verify, in consequence of the destruction of the skin. The skull, however, sufficiently substantiates the large size, and there is no good reason to question Baird's statements respecting the other differences.

I have no Illinois or Wisconsin examples of A. austerus, but the Museum has a large series from Fort Snelling, Minnesota (Dr. E. A. Mearns Collection). The largest skull of this series (probably referable to A. austerus minor Merriam) is not more than half the size of the Pembina specimen, which differs besides in numerous important cranial details. It is also to be noted that the form of austerus occurring over the region to the southeast

1 Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, pp. 212, 213, 217.

2 Am. Nat, July, 1888, p. cor.

ward of Pembina is much smaller than typical austerus from much further south (cf. Merriam, Am. Nat., July, 1888, pp. 600, 601). It hence seems reasonable to consider Baird's cinnamomeus as distinct from any known form of the austerus group, and also from A. haydenii. Doubtless further material from the vicinity of Pembina will, sooner or later, firmly reëstablish the species.

In connection with the discovery of Arvicola (Pedomys) haydenii at the eastern base of the Black Hills, as chronicled above, it is of interest to note that Dr. Coues has also recorded (Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, pp. 216, 217) an alleged specimen of Pedomys from the "Black Hills" (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3056), taken in August, and considered as probably "a young of the year." He comments at length upon its many peculiarities, as its "extremely short" tail, whitish feet, and excessively pallid coloration. As the skull was enclosed within the skin, he appears to have made no examination of its dentition. This specimen, from which the principal parts of the skull have since been removed, is now before me. It proves not to be a Pedomys at all, but an undescribed species of the genus Phenacomys, which may be briefly characterized as follows:

Phenacomys truei, sp. nov.

Above similar in coloration to Arvicola (Chilotus) pallidus, but rather darker, especially over the median dorsal region, where the general pale grayish tint of the upper parts is slightly varied with dusky hairs; below whitish gray, the basal half of the fur plumbeous. Ears of average size for the genus, thinly haired; feet light or whitish gray; tail very short, dingy gray, slightly darker above, but not distinctly bicolor, with a slight terminal pencil.

Measurements.-The fragmentary condition of the skin gives so poor a basis for measurement that I copy the dimensions as recorded by Dr. Coues': Total length, 118; head and body, 101.6; tail vertebræ, 16.8; hairs at tip, 3.5; fore foot, 11.2; hind foot, 19; ear, 10.2 (all taken from the dry skin).

Skull.-The skull consists merely of fragments, roughly torn out of the skin. The parts available for study are the palatal portion with the molar teeth in place, and the greater part of both mandibular rami, including the teeth.

1 Monog. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 217, Table LV, specimen No. 3056. were given by Dr. Coues in inches and hundredths.

The

The measurements

tooth pattern, while distinctively that of Phenacomys, differs in various details from that of any of the hitherto described species of the genus. Upper Molars.-M' with a broadly rounded anterior loop, two internal closed triangles, and two external closed triangles; M2 with an anterior internal pyriform loop, two external and one internal triangles; M3 with three deep internal triangles and three very slight angular projections externally. Lower Molars.— M1 with an anterior trefoil, a transverse posterior loop, and three large internal and two small external closed triangles; My with a posterior transverse loop, two very deep, closed internal triangles, and two very slight external angles; M with three very deep internal triangles and an outer sinuous border. Length of upper molar series, 6 mm.; of lower molar series, 5.5 mm.

1

Type, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3056, Black Hills, Aug. 10, 1857; Dr. W. A. Hammond.

Named for Mr. Frederick W. True, Curator of Mammals, U. S. Nat. Mus., to whose kindness I have been many times greatly indebted for valued assistance.

The specimen upon which the above description is based is apparently full grown but quite young, as the molars are not rooted, as they become later in life in this genus. In young individuals they are only partly so' or not at all, as in the present specimen.

In coloration Phenacomys truei is much lighter than P. orophilus Merriam from Idaho, lacking almost entirely the abundant blacktipped hairs which in that species strongly tinge with blackish the whole median dorsal region.

The dentition of P. truei is peculiar in the slight development of the external triangles of all the molar teeth, both above and below, in comparison with the other described species. My closely resembles the corresponding tooth in P. latimanus, while My closely resembles M in P. intermedius.

The discovery of a species of Phenacomys in the Black Hills greatly extends the known range of the genus to the southward, east of the Rocky Mountains. P. orophilus was described from specimens collected in the mountains of south-central Idaho, but there is a hitherto unrecorded specimen of this species in this Museum from St. Mary's Lake, northwestern Montana, collected by Dr. George B. Grinnell. This is the nearest point to the Black Hills from which Phenacomys has been thus far reported.

1 Cf. Merriam, N. Am. Fauna, No. 5, 1891, p. 66.

Article XIV.—REMARKS ON CERTAIN LAND MAM

MALS FROM FLORIDA, WITH A LIST OF THE
SPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE STATE.

By FRANK M. CHAPMAN.

During the past five years the Museum has received several collections of small mammals from Florida, containing in all about 400 specimens. They were collected for the most part at Gainesville and on the East Peninsula, opposite Micco, by the writer; at and near Micco by the late Jenness Richardson; at Tarpon Springs by W. E. D. Scott, and at Enterprise and Flamingo, near Cape Sable, by C. L. Brownell. The last-named collection has recently been received. It contains material worthy of special note, and in working this up for publication several facts of interest in connection with species represented in the other collections have been developed. These refer to so large a proportion of the land mammals of Florida that it has been decided to include all the species known from the State. The list as a whole is based on the collections above mentioned, information furnished me by friends and associates, and the following previously published lists of Florida mammals: (1) 'On the Mammals and Winter Birds of East Florida,' etc., by Dr. J. A. Allen (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., II, 1871, pp. 168-185), an annotated list of 34 species. (2) Catalogue of the Mammals of Florida, with Notes on their Habits, Distribution,' etc., by C. J. Maynard (Bull. Essex Inst., IV, 1872, pp. 135-148), an annotated list of 36 species. (3) The Mammals of Florida,' by C. J. Maynard (Quart. Journ. Boston Zool. Society, II, 1883, pp. 1–8, 17-24, 38-43, 49, 50), an annotated list of 36 species, containing much the same matter as the paper just cited. (4) Contributions to the Mammalogy of Florida,' by Samuel N. Rhoads (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1894, pp. 152-160), containing remarks on 22 species.

1. Didelphis marsupialis virginiana (Kerr). COMMON OPOSSUM.-Abundant throughout the State.

2. Cariacus virginianus (Bodd.). VIRGINIA DEER.—Abundant in the less-settled portions of the State, and occurring in small numbers in the vicinity of the larger towns and cities. Proper material will doubtless show that Florida deer constitute a well-marked subspecies, distinguished chiefly by their small size.

3. Sciurus carolinensis Gmel. SOUTHERN GRAY SQUIR REL. A common and, in places, an exceedingly abundant animal throughout the 'hummocks' of the State. A perfectly black specimen, collected by W. E. D. Scott, at Tarpon Springs, is the only melanistic individual I have seen.

4. Sciurus niger Linn. SOUTHERN FOX SQUIRREL.-Of general distribution throughout the pineries, but is common only. locally. In one of eight specimens the black of the head extends half-way down the back.

5. Sciuropterus volucella (Gmel.). FLYING SQUIRREL.Common in some parts of the State, living in the live-oaks of the 'hummocks,' and in turkey-oaks in the pineries.

6. Castor canadensis Kuhl. BEAVER.-During a two-days' stay at Marianna in western Florida, in March, 1889, Mr. William Brewster secured reliable information concerning the occurrence of the Beaver in some numbers on Chipola River. Mr. Brewster did not see specimens or signs of the animal during his brief visit, but the character of the testimony he received was such as to place its presence beyond question. I have information also of the occurrence of the Beaver in southern Alabama.

7. Arvicola (Neofiber) alleni (True). FLORIDA ROUNDTAILED MUSKRAT.-Doubtless a common animal in favorable localities throughout the State. It is abundant on the savannas of the East Peninsula of Indian River (cf. this Bulletin, II, 1889, p. 119); it is not uncommon near Gainesville, and Mr. Brownell's collection contains a specimen taken at Enterprise.