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Classical Works.

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gists, just entering upon their professional labors as classical teachers, For such a purpose it may well be pronounced a model of interpretation, furnishing with a carefully corrected text, a clear and consecutive view of Cicero's Argument on Friendship, an accurate and thorough examina, tion of all grammatical points, and a full explanation of historical allusions. The detailed discussions in the notes render the work one of great value for the style and language of Cicero, and indeed for the whole subject of later Philology. It is just such a work as might have been anticipated from the author of the "Palaestra Ciceroniana.”

In the Zeitschrift für die Alterthumswissenschaft, Nos. 7, 8, 1846, we find a review by Prof. Zeiss of Ruperti's "Manual of Roman Antiqui, ties." This work consists of two parts, each forming an octavo volume,, the first devoted to the Roman Territory and the Roman People, aside from its relation to the State, and the second to the Roman State. The reviewer objects to the author's plan, which proposes to consider the Roman people, 1. out of the State, and 2. in the State, on the ground that the whole life of the Romans was so closely connected with the State, that it is quite impossible to discuss them in two separate parts of a work, To illustrate the practical inconvenience of the plan, the reviewer refers at great length to the numerous repetitions in the second part, of subjects discussed in the first.

With the appearance of the 2d Part of Vol. III, embracing the letters Pe-Q, Freund's Latin Lexicon is at length completed. The whole work now consists of 4 vols. large octavo. An abridgment has been published by the author, for the use of schools, in two volumes, octavo. Kiepert's Altas of Greece and of the Hellenic Colouies, referred to on p. 797, Vol. II. of this Journal, is now complete, the third part having just been published.

Prof. W. A. Becker has published a pamphlet on Roman Topography, in reply to Urlichs. See p. 594, Vol. II. of this Journal. In this connection we may mention that Prof. Preller of Jena has published a work on the Regions of the city of Rome, with an accompanying Introductory Essay and Commentary. Since his return from Italy, Prof. Preller seems to have resumed his archaeological labors with increased zeal and activity.

In the Zeitschrift für die Alterthumswissenschaft, Feb. 1846, we find an announcement of a new edition, by J. Casp. Orelli, of the works of Cicero. The work is to be in 4 vols. large octavo, and to be completed within three years. The first and third volumes are already finished.

Dr. Kühner has published a second edition of his School Grammar of the Latin language. This grammar is intended to succeed the Elementary Grammar, which has already been translated by Prof. Champlin, and it corresponds in character and the place which it occupies, to the Greek Grammar, translated by Messrs. Edwards and Taylor. We have not yet received the new edition, but we learn, by a private letter from the author, that the work has undergone a thorough revision, and indeed has assumed an entirely new form.

Of other works which have recently appeared on the continent, we mention the following: Real-Encyclopaedie d. class. Alterthumsw. 65

and 66 Lieff., Lex-Livius; Stephani's Greek Thesaurus, edited by Hase and the Dindorfs, Vol. V. fasc. IV—VI, (Paris); Vol. II. of Walter's History of the Roman Law; Welcker's Opuscula, Vol. II.; Suidae Lexicon, revised by Bernhardy, Vol. II. fasc. 7; an edition of Xenophon's Anabasis, by K. W. Krüger; Huschke on the ancient Roman law of Debt; and of the Paris Bibl. Graeca., Vol. XXII, Poetae Bucolici et Didactici, and Vol. XXIII, Isocratis Orationes et Epistolae.

Among the works recently issued in England, we notice the following: Vol. II. of the new edition of Thirlwall's History of Greece; Grote's History of Greece, 2 vols. with maps; Prof. Dahlmann's Life of Herodotus, translated by G. F. Cox; Lexilogus Scholasticus, or Greek and English Vocabulary, by Dr. Bloomfield, 12mo.; Dunbar's Elements of the Greek language, 2d. edition; Giles' English-Greek Lexicon, Royal 8vo. ; and Part 2d of Eastwick's Translation of Bopp's Comparative Grammar. We have received No. 12 of the Classical Museum, to some of the earlier numbers of which we alluded in a former number of this Journal, (Vol. I. p. 610). It is a favorable and a grateful indication of the flourishing condition of classical studies in England, that a Journal of this character has become established on a firm basis, and has taken an independent place in the periodical literature of the country. The Editors of the Museum are Dr. Schmitz and Dr. W. Smith; among the contributors, we notice the names of Prof. Long, Prof. Malden, Mr. Liddell, Lord Francis Egerton, and of several German Professors, Zumpt, Welcker and Bergk. Perhaps the distinguishing features of this Journal is its intelligent and truly independent and original use of the productions of German scholars. Most of the articles which we have read, exhibit the marks of a style of scholarship, and of a philological training and educacation, which are thoroughly German in their character. At the same time, the vigor and clearness, and the sterling good sense of the English mind, are equally manifest. We have been particularly struck with the great merit of a series of articles, not yet complete, on the Topography of Rome. These articles promise to furnish a full and accurate view of this difficult and complicated subject. The writer has manifestly made himself familiar with the recent labors of the German writers, not omitting the minor controversial writings of Becker, Preller, etc., and after duly digesting them, has reproduced them for English use in a most admirable manner. The third article, on the Fora of the Emperors, appears in the last No. now before us. The same No. contains a Review, by Mr. F. W. Newman of Kenrick's and of Stocker's Herodotus, The Religion of the Romans by Zumpt, translated by C. K. Watson, and an account of the Roman Agonalia, by Dr. W. Smith, together with "Miscellanies," and "Notices of Recent Publications." Under the last head, we find a brief but very condemnatory critique of Anthon's Horace and of Anthou's Homer, both reprinted in England, under the editorial care of B. Davies, Ph. D. The writer accuses Prof. Anthon "on three counts:" 1, that "he borrows from accredited works, avowedly, but far beyond the fair bounds of such accommodation;" 2, that "he appropriates the critical remarks and the information furnished by others without acknowledgment, translating them into his own language;" 3, that "he steals the

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remarks of others, without any change of language, and without any acknowledgment." The writer substantiates these charges: No 1, by referring to Anthon's Horace for pages upon pages borrowed from Dunlop's Roman Literature, and to his Homer for three Excursus from Jelt's Kühner; No. 2, by presenting in parallel columns several passages from Anthon's Horace and from Doering's Horace, the writer at the same time averring that "the proofs on this count are endless," that in Anthon's " almost all that is good is Doering's," and "that the translations, apart from their accuracy or inaccuracy, are a great drawback to the value of the book, whatever that may be " No. 3, by proofs from Dunlop, and from Dr. Adam's Antiquities, and by presenting in parallel columns passages from Dymock's Caesar and from Anthon's Caesar. The writer also arraigns Prof. Anthon on some other points, though with less formality; and sums up a series of observations on the subject of the injudicious amount of aid given in the notes, by charging him with "crushing under the load of help,-judgment and taste and invention,—all but memory." We record this critique as an expression of English opinion, emanating from the highest classical authority, on a subject which has important practical bearings upon the interests of classical education in this country. We interpret the critique as indicating two things; first, that hitherto Prof. Anthon's works have been reprinted in England, and in some quarters have found favor, and second, that it is now beginning to be considered by the best classical scholars in England, that these works are vicious in their character and injurious to all real progress in classical education. We must confess, that with a deep conviction of the general correctness of the views maintained by the writer in the Museum, we cannot approve his tone of criticism. In some instances it seems intemperate, perhaps scarcely dignified. But after all, we can pardon much to an English classical scholar, and the editor of a classical journal, who finds in the Preface to an English re-print of one of Anthon's works, such words as these: "Professor Anthon's merits, as an editor of the classics for use in schools and colleges, are so well understood and appreciated in this country, as well as his own, that commendation would be superfluous and unbecoming!"

The

Mr. Owen has added the Cyropaedia of Xenophon to his excellent series of Greek classics. This is the first edition of the historical romance of Xenophon, which has appeared in our country. The work itself is one of much interest, and is worthy of the full and valuable apparatus, which Mr. Owen has furnished for the study of it. The text is that of Dindorf, which is probably nearer the true reading than any other. The work is printed with unusual accuracy, the few typographical errors which we have detected, being confined principally to the accents, notes are judicious, and what cannot be often said, on just the passages where the student might find difficulty. They remind us, at every step, that the author is a practical teacher, well acquainted with what the student needs, neither begetting habits of indolence in him by affording too much assistance, nor leaving him in despair, by giving too little. The notes illustrate national customs, geography, grammatical usages, the VOL. IV. No. 13.

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idioms of the language as well as the general connection of the thought. These editions of the Greek classics, prepared by Mr. Owen, have been received with high approbation by teachers in our schools and colleges; and we are pleased to learn that he is continuing his labors in this department, having already commenced the preparation of an edition of Thucydides, the first volume of which may be expected in about a year.

The Greek Lexicon of Liddell and Scott, based on the work of Francis Passow, a review of which appeared in the No. of this work for November, 1844, has recently been published by the Harpers, and we are happy to say, without the promised “additions and improvements from Donnegan." This edition was edited by Henry Drissler, M. A. of Columbia College, New York city, who has inserted, in alphabetical order, a very full vocabulary of proper names, taken principally from the German work of Pape. Mr. Drissler has labored with great diligence on this work, and the additions which he has made, so far as we have had time to examine, seem to be judicious and valuable. Some typographical errors will be noticed, but considering the great difficulty of entire accuracy in such a work, it is very correctly printed. It contains more than 1700 pages royal octavo. For the general merits of the lexicon, we refer our readers to the article above named.

HISTORICAL.-Karl Jürgens, Luther's Leben, published by Brockhaus in Leipsic, promises to be a very full biography. The Erste Abtheilung which extends only to 1517, or to the beginning of the Reformation, makes a substantial volume of 700 pages.

Prof. F. Rehm, author of the History of the Middle Ages, has completed his Geschichte der beiden Hessen, 2 Bände, Marburg, 1846.

The Weimarisches Herder Album, Jena, 1845, consisting of select letters which passed between Herder and Karl August and Amalie; two or three of Herder's best discourses and essays; Schwenck's char acteristics of Herder; Herder's relation to modern theology by Prof. Müller, of Basle; Herder as preacher, by Prof. Schwartz, of Jena; Herder's views of church union, by Röhr; Herder's merits as a critic of ancient art, by Schöll; Herder as a classical scholar, by Gernhard; der leidende Philoktet, by Prof. Osann; Herder in respect to music, by Prof. Koferstein; Schmidt's lectures on popular songs, in which Herder is particularly noticed; letters of Schubert from Asia Minor; and some unpublished letters of Winckelmann, making a goodly octavo volume of 461 pages, is said to be "a valuable contribution to a knowledge of Herder's life and literary character."

Prof. J. Hildebrand's Die deutsche Nationalliteratur seit dem Anfange des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts, besonders seit Lessing bis auf die Gegenwart, historisch und ästhetisch critisch dargestellt, is now complete in three volumes. It is placed side by side with the great work of Gervinus, and is said to be as distinguished in its large philosophic and systematic views, and its acute criticisms, as the work of Gervinus is for its brilliancy and learning.

Of the new edition of Neander's church history, the third volume has

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been published, and the fourth is in press and will soon be out. These four volumes cover the period occupied by Vol. I. parts 1, 2 and 3, and Vol. II. 1, 2 and 3, of the old edition, so that the fourth volume of the former, ends at the same point with the sixth of the latter. edition, it is well known, differs materially from the old one.

This new

E. A. Schmidt's Geschichte von Frankreich, is continued in a third volume, to the year 1643. The fourth volume will reach to the period of the Revolution, where Wachsmuth begins. Thus only one volume is wanting, to finish this most complete and critical history of France, in eight volumes, by two distinguished German historians.

Henry, whose Life of Calvin in three volumes, was recently finished, has published an abridgment in one volume.

The new or third edition of Neander's Denkwürdigkeiten, is to be a very different work from the preceding editions. Tholuck's introductory article on the moral influence of heathenism is omitted, and the first volume of the new edition embraces the first and second of the old. Α very important addition, is that of continuing the work from the apostolic age to the present.

Prof. Bruch, of Strassburg, author of a work on the Divine Attributes, is publishing a work in a series of letters, entitled: Betrachtungen über Christenthum und christlichen Glauben, designed to guide the intelligent reader-not the theologian by profession—to a clear view of theological truth, and particularly to solve the doubts raised in reflecting minds by the sceptical German writers on the one hand, and by the enthusiastic pietists on the other. The writer is regarded as evangelical, and is certainly a vigorous thinker. The letters owe their origin in their present form to an actual correspondence with a bewildered friend, who was a member of the church.

Winer has published the first part of the third, sehr vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage, of his Realwörterbuch; Redepenning, the second part of his Origenes, eine Darstellung seines Lebens und seiner Lebre; C. Ritter, the twelfth volume of his Geography including West-Asien; and Becker the 2 Theil, 2 Abtheilung of his Handbuch der Römischen Alterthümer.

Prof. W. Havemann's Geschichte des Ausgangs des Tempelherrnordens, in one volume, 1846; and A. Bürck's Ulrich von Hutten, der Ritter, der Gelehrte, der Dichter, der Kämpfer für die deutsche Freiheit, also in one volume, 1846, are highly commended in the reviews. The former gives the history of the Knights Templars by way of introduction, to the account of their cruel destruction by Philip of France, while the latter, aims at unfolding a true representation both of Von Hutten and his times, without going into the critical discussions which are found in the works of preceding biographers.

BIBLICAL.-Prof. H. W. T. Thiersch has published a work: Versuch zur Herstellung des historischen Standpunktes für die Kritik der neutestamentlichen Schriften, 1845, which must be worthy of the attention of biblical scholars. A commendatory review of it written apparently by

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