the editor himself, appears in Tholuck's Litterarischer Anzeiger for December, 1845.

Several successive numbers of the same Journal for the past year contain an extended article of sterling value on the subject of the Angel of Jehovah in the Old Testament, by Prof. Kurtz of Milan. The generally received view that this Angel was the Logos of the New Testament, was ably defended by Dr. Hengstenberg in the first volume of his Christology. In support of the same view have appeared since that time, Sack, Ebrard, Delitzsch, Schröder, Heim, and still others. Several writers, however, particularly Steudel, Hoffmann, Oehler, have taken different ground and argued against the alleged identity of the Revealer of the Old Testament with the Logos of the New. It is the object of the writer of the article referred to, to examine the objections which these latter critics have urged, and to show that the view represented by Hengstenberg is essentially correct, the grounds on which it is assailed being untenable and the reasons which support it remaining still substantially unanswered.

The Intelligenzblatt of the February No. of the Neue Jenaische Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung announces as soon to appear: Acta Apostolorum ad fidein codicis Cantabrigiensis et reliquorum monumentorum denuo recensuit et interpretatus Fr. Aug. Borneniann. It will consist of three parts, and proposes to embrace everything relating both to the text and the philological interpretation of the Acts which the present state of criticism can furnish.

We have from Dr. J. Fr. Röhr an enlarged edition of his Palestine or Historisch-geographische Beschreibung des Jüdischen Landes zur Zeit Jesu, embracing at the same time a particular account of the country as it now is. The present is the eighth edition of this popular work. The Researches of Dr. Robinson have been made to contribute to the greater completeness of this new edition.

J. G. Vaihinger has published a new Commentar über die Psalmen, on the plan pursued by him in his work on the Book of Job. It contains an extended introduction, aims at a rigid analysis of the course of thought, and trauslates the text in a metrical form, according to the parallelism of the Hebrew.

A work has been published in Holland but translated into German, entitled : Geschichte der Apologetik,etc. or History of Writings in Defence of the Bible and Revelation from the earliest times to the present, by G. H. van Senden, which promises to be of great interest both to the exegete and the theologian. It occupies two volumes. It is said to display profound learning together with skill and discrimination in the arrangement of the materials. A reviewer says that the land which has the honor of having produced in Hugo Grotius the ablest protestant apologist that has ever lived, will now have the honor of producing in this work of van Senden the ablest history of Apologetics, which the world has yet seen.

Dr. Fr. Delitzsch has just added to his other exegetical publications a new one which he entitles: Symbolae ad Psalmos illustrandos isagogical. Its contents are comprised under the following divisions: Disseritur I. de Psalmorum indole partim Jehovica, partim Elohemica; II. de Psalmorum ordine quisque causis ac legibus.

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Prof. Umbreit has commenced a second edition of his Practischer Commentar über die Propheten des alten Bundes, with exegetical and critical remarks. The first volume of this republication contains Isaiah. The chief value of this work consists in the fidelity of the translation; the explanatory and critical material occupies but very little space. The favorable reception, however, which commentary of this character meets with in Germany, shows that it is adapted to supply an important want. In the earlier stages of exegetical study, such commentary is undoubtedly more useful as well as convenient, than the more exhaustive, copious exposition to which the Gerinan scholars generally have shown themselves so partial.

Prof. Engelhardt has finished in a third part, published last year, his Anacoluthorum Platonicorum Specimen. Two previous numbers of the work had appeared. If executed in a proper manner, it must contain something which the critical student of the New Testament can turn to

account.

Perhaps the best Bible-Atlas for practical use is that of Ackermann. This work which has been for some time before the public, has been remodeled and issued in a second edition. Its title is: Bibel-Atlas, nach den neusten und besten Hülfsmitteln gezeichnet von C. F. Weiland und erläutert von Dr. C. Ackermann. It consists of thirteen charts, of which five present the land of Palestine at different periods, the others either the countries which were inhabited for a short time by the Israelites, or geographical sketches of important events in Scripture history, such as the march of the Israelites through the wilderness, the journeys of the Saviour and the Apostles.

MISCELLANEOUS. Since the reception of the above, the following intelligence has been communicated by Prof. Edwards.

Dr. Winer of Leipsic is preparing a new Lexicon of the New Testament, which, it is thought, will supercede all others. The same industrious author is publishing a new edition of his Biblical Dictionary. Two livraisons have appeared.-The new English and German Dictionary of Dr. Flügel, American consul at Leipsic, in 2 vols. 8vo, is nearly out of press. Between 20,000 and 30,000 words are inserted which were not in the previous edition. These relate to phrases used in common life, colloquial terms, etc. Many of these are Anglicisms rather than Americanisms. It is to be hoped that the estimable author will be remunerated in this instance for his talent and unwearied labor. Hitherto he has been very unjustly defrauded of the fruits of his toil by the cupidity of some English publishers-Dr. Ebrard, well known for his work on the Straussian controversy, has published an extended treatise on the doctrine of the Sacrament, in which he takes the Calvinistic ground. This has been reviewed at much length in the magazine conducted by Dr. Guerike and others at Halle. Dr. Ebrard, in consequence of his opinions, has left the Lutheran university at Erlangen, and gone to that at Zurich.-Dr. Pinner of Berlin is engaged on a new edition of the Talmud, with a German translation and interesting notes.-Dr. Neander has published a new edition of his History of the Apostolic times, and is carrying forward the

revision of his General History.-It is not known when the Life of Schleiermacher by Dr. Jonas of Berlin will appear, as difficulties are experienced in procuring the materials.-Prof. Lepsius of Berlin has been made professor ordinarius of the university there. His theory in relation to Mt. Sinai has been called in question by J. V. Kutscheit. The results of his investigations in Egypt are anxiously expected, though it is probable that they will not quite answer the anticipations at first cherished.---One of the valuable Orthodox journals of Germany is the " Allgemeines Repertorium" for theological literature, edited by Dr. Hermann Reuter of Berlin, assisted by sixty-three contributors, among whom are Hupfeld of Halle, Beck of Tübingen, Pelt and Liebner of Kiel, Dorner of Königsberg and Wieseler and Berthean of Göttingen. The high Lutheran views in regard to the symbolic books are advocated in the Journal for Protestantism and the Church, edited by Dr. Harless of Leipsic and Profs. Höfling, Thomasius and Hofmann of Erlangen. Profs. Nitzsch and Sack of Bonn, exhibit their views in a "Monatschrift" published in that city. Two of the Roman Catholic professors in Bonn also conduct a periodical.-Dr. Delitzsch of Leipsic has accepted a call to Rostock as professor ordinarius of theology. In the course of this year, a commentary from his pen on the book of Zephaniah will appear.-The second part of Dr. Caspari's Arabic Grammar, including a Chrestomathy, is in press, and will soon be published. The same author is now engaged on some historical and critical investigations on the prophecies of Isaiah and Micah, preparatory to a commentary on those prophets which will appear in the course of the Spring. A second edition of Caspari's commentary on Obadiah is soon to appear, including two treatises on the geography of Idumea and the history of the Edomites. Drs. Delitzsch and Caspari are young men, distinguished for their evangelical views and orthodoxy in the interpretation of the Bible. Evangelical sentiments are also entertained by a number of the younger teachers in the university of Leipsic.Prof. Julius Wiggers of Rostock has published a History of Evangelical Missions in two Vols. He is author of a statistical work on Christian sects, and son of the writer on Augustinism, and Pelagianism, -The new edition of Luther's works, under the charge of J. C. Irmischer, is advancing to its completion. The 8th vol. of the German Exegetical works and the 17th of the Latin, have appeared. The commemoration of the completion of the 3d century from Luther's death, brought out an almost innumerable number of sermons, pamphlets, biographies, etc. The love and reverence for his name in Germany suffers no diminution, however widely multitudes have deviated from his principles. Those who do not adopt his religious opinions venerate him for his hearty German spirit, and for the benefits which he conferred on the German language and literature. The judgment on Luther pronounced by the historian Hallam would be regarded in Germany as unworthy of refutation.—Another part of Ritter's great geographical work will soon appear. It will continue the geography of Arabia. The volumes on this peninsula are extremely interesting, containing an historical introduction and the geographical relations of the country at the present time. The publication price of the entire work of Dr. Ritter is

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50 Thaler, on fine paper 61 Thal. 21 Grosch.-The great Latin Lexicon of Freund enjoys the highest consideration in Germany. A reviewer thus sums up the grounds of its merits; a. Its historico-genetic development of the significations. b. Exact exhibition of archaisms, ancient forms of writing, etc. c. Careful use of old glossaries, lately discovered papyrusrolls, epigraphy, etc. d. Use of the best Mss. e. Full references to the ablest modern writers on Latin grammar, lexicography, etc. e. g. Döderlein, Hand, Rhein, Zumpt, etc.-The work of Dr. Siegel on Homiletics is not yet completed.-Tauchnitz's stereotyped edition of the Greek and Roman classics now amounts to 210 volumes, price 66 Thaler, about $50. The sale has been very large, and by the accuracy and cheapness of the work much service has been rendered to classical learning by the excellent publisher. The second part of the Manual of Greek Antiquities by Prof. C. F. Hermann of Göttingen, exhibiting the sacred antiquities of the Greeks, has just been published. It is said to display an exact knowledge of language, comprehensive views, free and independent judgment, etc. The contents of the part now published have a special interest at the present time.

Professor Tholuck of Halle has just published an interesting work under the title, "Gespräche über die Vornehmsten Glaubensfragen der Zeit, zunächst für nachdenkende Laien, welche Verstandigung suchen." The discussion is carried on in the form of a very animated dialogue, and is designed to meet the wants of reflecting laymen, some of whom have been drawn into the views of the so-called friends of light. There are many in Germany who have become dissatisfied with the dead orthodoxy which has long been prevalent in not a few of the pulpits of the land, who feel the want of something more spiritual and earnest and who are often inclined to plunge into skepticism. It is this class especially whom Prof. T. addresses, under the heads of Reason and Rationalism, Reason and Faith, Faith and the Scriptures, The latest Progress, Progress and the Symbols, and The newly awakened Faith. Prof. T. promises conditionally a second part, in answer to the question, Who was Christ? This work will be quite attractive to many in Germany and to some in other lands, as it is written in an earnest, impressive and conciliatory manner, and treats of questions which are more or less discussed in all Protestant countries.

The first volume of the English translation of Hagenbach's History of Christian doctrines has just been published by Mr. Clark of Edinburgh, and forms the third volume of his Foreign Theological Library. The translator is Charles W. Buch, who has lately closed his theological studies at the Lancashire Independent College at Manchester, and is now a resident at Halle. The work appears, from a cursory examination which we have made, to be very well translated, and by its pure and flowing English style, almost forms an exception to the so-called English versions of many German productions. The translator has added references to some of the more useful English and American works in theology. Of Hagenbach we have spoken in another place. A work from a divine so eminent and orthodox as Dr. H. is allowed to be, must be a valuable accession to our theological literature, which has no formal work on the subject.

We learn that the concluding number of Gesenius's Hebrew Thesaurus, under the care of Prof. Rödiger of Halle, is now ready for the press and will be published in April or May.-The 3d fasciculus of the Commentary of Beidbavius on the Koran, edited from the Mss. by Prof. Fleischer of Leipsic, is now published.-There have lately appeared at Leipsic a Persian Chrestomathy by F. Spiegel and a Manual on the subject of Eastern coins by Prof. Stickel; also vol. 4 of Hand's Tursellinus or Commentaries on the Latin particles; and the 16th part of the 2d edition of Wachsmuth's Grecian Antiquities, completing the work in two volumes.

Prof. Ross of Halle, after thirteen years' residence in Greece has published the first No. of a periodical work, in which he proposes to give from time to time the fruits of his travels in Greece and the results of his studies on her monuments, in the form of artistic, topographical and philological treatises, interspersed with epigraphic contributions. Prof. R. takes very decided ground in opposition to the skeptical theories of Wolf and Niebuhr, and contends that the monuments and written records and reason are all in favor of a conservative position on this subject, and that the course which those two leaders and their innumerable imitators have pursued, would destroy all faith in any past event and would land us in unlimited skepticism. "Nature had denied to Niebuhr that strength of character which knows how to employ his faculties in the right place, or education and circumstances had deprived him of this strength. He did not possess the conservative spirit of an historian, but was born to be a revolutionist." It is also gratifying to see that Bunsen, the pupil and secretary of Niebuhr, in his late work on Egypt, is very far from adopting the skeptical views of his master. "Already," he remarks "in the second dynasty of the Egyptian kings, the third of Manetho, the names of kings are indicated by the contemporary monuments. The Egyptians had writings and books in the earliest period in which we have monuments. The pen and the inkstand appear on the monuments of the fourth dynasty, the oldest in the world.

Died at Meissen in Saxony, Sept. 30, 1846, of consumption, after a long illness, W. A. Becker, professor of classical philology at Leipsic and one of the ornaments of the university, well known in England and the United States, for his works on Greek and Roman Antiquities. His very able manual of Roman Antiquities is left incomplete. His conclusions on the subject of the topography of the city of Rome, though fiercely contested, are regarded in Germany as the most satisfactory.-On the 26th of Sept. deceased at Berlin Dr. Francis Theremin, court preacher there and honorary professor in the university. He was esteemed as one of the most eloquent preachers in the Prussian church, and was the author of valuable treatises on Homiletics. His last work is on the Eloquence of Paul and Demosthenes. The University of Berlin lost another distinguished professor, last year, in Dr. Philip Marheinecke, well known for his attempts to reconcile Hegelianism to Orthodoxy, and for his very interesting history of the German Reformation. Ideler, the eminent writer on chronology, also died last year.