APPENDIX B KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES, GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FORMICIDE, FOR THE IDENTI FICATION OF THE WORKERS 2. 1. Cloacal orifice ventral, slit-shaped; sting well developed or vestigial; abdominal pedicel consisting of one or two segments.... Cloacal orifice terminal, circular, surrounded by a fringe of hairs; abdominal pedicel consisting of only a single segment; no constriction between the first and second gastric segments; pupæ usually enclosed in cocoons. Subfamily Camponotinæ. 2. Sting developed; sometimes very small but nevertheless exsertile; abdominal pedicel consisting of one or two segments; when of only one there is a distinct constriction between the first and second gastric segments...... 3 Sting vestigial; abdominal pedicel consisting of a single segment; no constriction between the first and second gastric segments; anal glands which produce a secretion with a peculiar rancid-butter odor ("Tapinoma odor") are often present; pupæ naked..... Subfamily Dolichoderinæ. 3. Pupa always enclosed in cocoons; abdominal pedicel consisting of a single segment; gaster with a distinct constriction between its first and second segments; frontal carinæ separated or close together; when close together they are dilated to form oblique or horizontal laminæ partly covering the insertions of the antennæ .Subfamily Ponerinæ. Pupa naked; abdominal pedicel consisting of two segments in the American species (excepting Cheliomyrmex of Central America)... 4. 4. Frontal carinæ very close together, almost vertical, not at all covering the antennal insertions. Eyes always very small or absent; tropical and subtropical ..... .Subfamily Dorylinæ. Frontal carinæ of a different conformation and covering the antennal insertions. Eyes rarely vestigial or absent; cosmopolitan. Subfamily PONERINÆ Subfamily Myrmicinæ. 2. 1. Frontal carinæ closely approximated; antennæ inserted very near the oral margin; tip of gaster strongly deflected downward..... Frontal carinæ of a different conformation; tip of gaster not deflected downward 2. Front of clypeus projecting in the middle; petiole nodiform. 3. Sysphincta Roger. Clypeus not projecting in the middle; petiole surmounted by a scale. Proceratium Roger. 3. Mandibles linear, inserted close together at the middle of the oral border; petiole terminating in a point or spine above........Odontomachus Fabr. Mandibles inserted at the corners of the head; petiole rounded or flattened above 4. Antennæ very thick and robust. Antennæ not greatly thickened.. 4. 5. 6. 5. Pygidium with a row of prominent prickles on its lateral border; last antennal joint not greatly enlarged...... ..Acanthostichus Mayr. Pygidium without prominent prickles on its lateral border; last antennal joint greatly enlarged..Cerapachys F. Smith; subgen. Parasyscia Emery. 6. Mandibles long and slender with coarse, bidenticulate teeth; clypeus with numerous teeth on its anterior border; petiole not constricted posteriorly .Stigmatomma Roger. Of a different conformation.. 7. Claws pectinate Claws simple 8. Mandibles edentate, slender; without apical masticatory border. 7. 8. 9. Leptogenys Roger s. str. Mandibles broader, generally toothed; with distinct masticatory border at apex ....Subgen. Lobopelta Mayr. developed, lateral spurs lacking; .Ponera Latr. 9. Median spur of middle and hind legs alone small species with vestigial eyes... Both spurs of the middle and hind legs well-developed; medium or large species, with larger eyes.... 10. Cheeks with a longitudinal carina. Cheeks without a carina.... 10. ..Neoponera Emery. 11. 11. Clypeus flat, separated from the frontal carinæ by a scarcely perceptible suture or none at all; body opaque.. ...Platythyrea Mayr. Clypeus separated from the frontal carinæ by a distinct suture; body subopaque or shining.. ..... 12. 12. Pronotum more or less marginate on the sides; middle tibiæ not abbreviated nor beset with prominent bristles.... ..Pachycondyla F. Smith. Pronotum not marginate on the sides; middle tibiæ short, with prominent bristles on their extensor surfaces. Euponera Forel; subgen. Pseudo ponera Emery. I. Claws toothed Subfamily DORYLIN Æ .Eciton Latr. Subgen. Acamatus Em. Subfamily MYRMICINÆ 1. Workers absent.. Epacus Emery; Sympheidole Wheeler; Epipheidole Wheeler. Workers present 2. 2. Clypeus not extending back between the frontal carinæ, which are closely approximated; antennæ 12-jointed.... ...Pseudomyrma Guérin. Clypeus almost always extending back between the frontal carinæ, which are more or less separated, in the opposite case the antennæ are 11-jointed.. 3. 3. Antennal fossæ prolonged as grooves for the antennal scapes along the sides of the head dorsal to the eyes and covered by the expanded lateral margins of the head; antennæ 11-jointed...... ....Cryptocerus Fabr. Antennal fossæ of a different conformation or antennæ of a different number of joints 4. 4. Postpetiole articulated to the dorsal surface of the gaster which is flattened dorsally, more convex ventrally and acutely pointed.. Cremastogaster Lund. Postpetiole inserted at the anterior end of the gaster which is of the usual shape 5. 5. Antennæ 6-jointed; head cordiform, antennal fossæ as long as the scapes. Strumigenys F. Smith. Antennæ with more than six joints..... 6. 6. Antennæ 11-jointed; without a distinct club, or with a club consisting of only a single joint....... 7. Antennal club consisting of several joints, or the antennæ not 11-jointed.. 10. 7. Integument rough, bearing stiff or hooked hairs... 8. Integument smoother; hairs scale-like and appressed..Cyphomyrmex Mayr. 8. Large species; workers highly polymorphic; head with only one pair of occipital spines; thorax with three pairs of dorsal spines or tubercles. Atta Fabr. s. str. Smaller species; workers monomorphic or feebly polymorphic; thoracic dorsum with four pairs of spines or tubercles... .... 9. 9. Head broad, with rounded occipital lobes, without supraocular spines or tubercles .Subgen. Mællerius Emery. Head narrow, with angular occipital lobes; body rough, covered with small tubercles .Subgen. Trachymyrmex Forel. 10. Antennæ with a 2-jointed club.. Antennal club, when developed, with more than two joints.. 11. Antennæ 10-jointed; epinotum unarmed... Antennæ 11-jointed; epinotum dentate.. II. 12. .Solenopsis Westw. .Erebomyrma Wheeler. 12. Posterior margin of clypeus elevated in the form of a welt or ridge bordering the antennal fossa in front.... Posterior border of clypeus not thus elevated.. 13. 15. 14. 13. Portion of clypeus in front of the antennal insertion narrow but not reduced to a mere ridge (antennæ of male 10-jointed)..... Portion of the clypeus in front of antennal insertion reduced to a mere ridge (antennæ of male 13-jointed).... 14. Antennæ 12-jointed Antennæ 11-jointed 15 Antennæ 11-jointed Antennæ 12-jointed Myrmecina Curtis. Tetramorium Mayr. s. str. Xiphomyrmex Forel. 16. 19. 16. Thorax and petiole without any traces of teeth or spines; pronotum never angular Epinotum armed with spines or teeth. 17. Petiole distinctly pedunculate... Petiole not pedunculate... 18. Mesoëpinotal constriction distinct; males ergatomorphic. 17. 18. .Monomorium Mayr. .Xenomyrmex Forel. Symmyrmica Wheeler. Mesoëpinotal constriction faint or lacking... 19. Workers strongly dimorphic, usually without intermediates connecting the extreme forms; antennal club 3-jointed, longer than the remainder of the funiculus ....Pheidole Westwood. Workers monomorphic or polymorphic, i. e., with mediæ intermediate between the major and minor forms; antennal club indistinct or shorter than the remainder of the funiculus..... 20. 20. Last three antennal joints much shorter than the remainder of the funiculus and not forming a distinct club..... 21. Last three antennal joints forming a distinct club nearly as long as the remainder of the funiculus.... 26. 21. Thoracic dorsum impressed at the mesoëpinotal suture; promesonotal suture usually distinct Thoracic dorsum without any traces of suture or impression 22. Posterior tibial spurs pectinated Posterior tibial spurs simple 22. Pogonomyrmex Mayr. Myrmica Latr. 23. 23. Small hypogæic species, with vestigial eyes and two keels on the clypeus. Stenamma Westwood. Medium sized species, with well-developed eyes and no keels on the clypeus 24. Workers monomorphic Workers polymorphic 24. 25. Messor Forel. Aphanogaster Mayr. s. str. 25. Cosmopolitan species with moderately slender thorax and legs. Tropical and subtropical species with very slender thorax and legs. Subgen. Ischnomyrmex Mayr. 26. Clypeus armed with a pair of ridges which project forward in the form of teeth, rarely without teeth, but then the epinotum is quite unarmed; mesoepinotal suture marked ......Monomorium Mayr. Clypeus of a different conformation; rarely 2-toothed, but then the mesoëpinotal suture is indistinct 27. 27. Postpetiole campanulate, not constricted behind but applied with its whole. posterior surface to the first gastric segment.. Postpetiole constricted behind Subfamily DOLICHODERINÆ .Macromischa Roger. 1. Chitinous integument hard and brittle, declivity of epinotum strongly concave. Dolichoderus Lund; subgen. Hypoclinea Mayr. Chitinous integument thin and flexible, smooth or very finely sculptured, declivity of epinotum not strongly concave... 2. 2. Scale of petiole very small, strongly inclined forward, or even altogether absent Scale of petiole more or less inclined but well-developed. 3. 4. 3. Scale of petiole small but indistinct; gizzard with a convex, 4-lobed calyx. Forelius Emery. Scale vestigial or absent; gizzard with a depressed calyx, without lobes. 4. Epinotum with a conical elevation... Epinotum without a conical elevation.. Tapinoma Foerster. 5. 5. Body not conspicuously hairy or pubescent; gizzard very short, with a large reflected calyx; ocelli absent.... ...Iridomyrmex Mayr. Body densely pubescent; gizzard at least as long as broad; ocelli usually present in large workers..... Subfamily CAMPONOTINÆ I. Antennæ 9-jointed Antennæ with more than 9 joints.. .Liometopum Mayr. .Brachymyrmex Mayr. 2. 3. 2. Workers di- or polymorphic.... Workers not polymorphic though often of variable size... 4. 3. Workers polymorphic, i. e., with forms (media) intermediate between the largest and smallest workers; head of largest workers not sharply truncated anteriorly .....Camponotus Mayr. s. str. Workers dimorphic, i. e., without intermediate forms; head of largest workers sharply truncated anteriorly........... Subgen. Colobopsis Mayr. 4. Clypeal fossa distinctly separated from the antennal fossa.... Clypeal fossa confluent with the antennal fossa..... 5. 6. 5. Antennal scapes and tibiæ without erect hairs; mesonotum strongly constricted and subcylindrical. .Prenolepis Mayr. s. str. Antennal scapes and tibiæ with erect hairs; mesonotum constricted but not subcylindrical .Subgen. Nylanderia Emery. 6. Joints 2-5 of the funiculus shorter or not longer than the succeeding joints; ocelli usually absent.. 7. Joints 2-5 of the funiculus longer than the succeeding joints; ocelli distinct 8. ..Lasius Fabr. s. str. Subgen. Acanthomyops Mayr. 7. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed... Maxillary palpi 3-jointed.. 8. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi nearly as long as the fifth. Myrmecocystus Wesmael. 9. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi a little longer than the fifth.... 9. Mandibles with broad, dentate, masticatory border..... Formica Linn. Mandibles narrow, falcate and pointed... Polyergus Latreille. APPENDIX C A LIST OF DESCRIBED NORTH AMERICAN ANTS Subfamily PONERINÆ Genus STIGMATOMMA Roger pallipes Haldeman. - Canada to Texas. subsp. oregonense Wheeler. Oregon. coarctata Latr. subsp. pennsylvanica Buckley. - Northeastern States, Canada. opaciceps Mayr. - Texas. trigona Mayr. var. opacior Forel. - Texas. inexorata Wheeler. - Texas to Colorado. ergatandria Forel. - Texas. |