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The second entry is as follows:

blank. It is not bound, but the large sheets | headed respectively, "H, K, HK,* Course, are sewn into au enveloping piece of sail- Winds, LW ;" and then comes a longer space, cloth, which is rudely hemmed at the upper headed, "Remarks on board," with the propand lower edges. This cloth cover bears er date. the simple inscription, "Steam-ship Savannah's Log-book," printed in bold characters. The handwriting is that of Stephen Rogers, the sailing-master. Every word in the closely written pages is legible, the ink being still black; but a small portion of the entries, however, have any present interest, the larger part being remarks on the weather, on the disposition of the ship's sails, and the results of the observations of latitude and longitude. We propose, however, to give some extracts from this interesting relic,

"Remarks on board Monday March 29th 1819. These 24 hours begins with fresh breezes and clear. At 4 P.M. the Hilands of Neversink bore N. b. W. 6 Leagues distant from which I take my departure. At 10 P.M. took in Topgallant Sails. At 6 A. M. Set Topgallant Sails. At 8 A.M. Tacked Ship to the Westward. Saw a brig and Schooner Steering to the Westward. At 11 A.M. took in the Mizon and Fore Top gallant Sails. At 11 A.M. got the Steam up and it come on to blow fresh we took the Wheels in on deck in 30 minute. At meridion fresh breezes and Cloudy. Lat. by Obs. 39° 19′." This is a fair sample of the daily records,

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STEAMER "SAVANNAH," THE FIRST STEAM-SHIP THAT CROSSED THE ATLANTIO.

and to combine with them a history of the | extending, without much to relieve the movoyage, obtained from outside sources. The notony, over a period of nine months. engraving at the head of this paper is a perfect fac-simile of the log-book.

The caption of the first page is as follows: "A Journal of a Voyage from New York towards Savannah on board steam-ship Savannah; Moses Rogers, Master."

This is continued on three pages; the caption of the fifth being,

"A Harbour Journal on board steam-ship Savannah; Moses Rogers, Master."

And after a few pages this in turn gives place to:

"A Journal of a Voyage from Savannah towards Liverpool on board steam-ship Savannah; Moses Rogers,

Master."

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The statement, "we took the Wheels in on deck in 30 minute," refers to the fact that this steamer was so constructed that in case of boisterous weather her paddlewheels could be brought on deck.

During the next two days the vessel encountered heavy gales and strong breezes. On the Saturday following the departure we find this entry: "These 24 hours begins balm and pleasant. Used Wheels middle of the Day."

The steamer reached Savannah on Tuesday, April 6, having used steam four days. It remained there eight days, and then "got steam up and started for Charleston," which they reached next day. The vessel lay at Charleston, "all hands employed in Ships duty," until April 30, when they returned with steam to Savannah.

A few days later, while the vessel was lying at the wharf in Savannah, we find this interesting entry: "May 3d Joseph the Cook left the Ship"-a circumstance of no small

H stands for hour, and K for knots, the HK for half knots, and is very rarely filled.

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Steam Ship foreman Moses Rogen Master

A Journal of a voyage from New York towards Savannah on board
Sunday I These 24 hours begins with fresh breezes at 17 at 19 All got under
Sea with the
March 28 under way for sea with the crew on board at 1FM, the Silot
left the Ship off Sandy hook light

H K Kbourse Winds 14 Remarks on board Monday March 29#

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FAO-SIMILE OF THE SECOND ENTRY IN THE LOG-BOOK OF THE "SAVANNAH."

importance to those dependent upon his cu- | amusing circumstances connected with this linary labors.

The Savannah remained twenty-three days at the city of the same name, during which time "all hands were engaged in Ships duty" and in "taking in cole."

On the 11th of May we find this entry: "These 24 hours begins with light breezes at N. W. and pleasant. President of the U. States James Monroe and suit come on board of the Ship at 7 A.M. to go to Tybe light. At 8 A.M. got the Steam up," and after a pleasure excursion the distinguished party returned in the evening.

The next entry (May 12) is quite curious: "Daniel Claypit cut his left thum off, the Doctor done it up and then bled James Monroe."

The recurrence of this distinguished name in this connection is very singular; probably one of the crew was thus called.

Life on board the steamer at anchor off Savannah was not wholly devoid of incident. The sad accident related in the following entry was, we believe, the only one which resulted fatally during the entire voyage. "May 19th John Western comeing on board from the shore fell of the Plank and was Drounded. he was a native of Massachusetts, Town of Gray. At 10 A.M. caught John Western with a boat-hook and jury was held

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boarding by the king's cutter. He said, in
a communication to the New London (Con-
necticut) Gazette: "She [the steamer] was
seen from the telegraph station at Cape
Clear, on the southern coast of Ireland, and
reported as a ship on fire. The admiral,
who lay in the Cove of Cork, dispatched one
of the king's cutters to her relief.
great was their wonder at their inability,
with all sail in a fast vessel, to come up
with a ship under bare poles. After several
shots were fired from the cutter, the engine
was stopped, and the surprise of her crew at
the mistake they had made, as well as their
curiosity to see the singular Yankee craft,
can be easily imagined. They asked per-
mission to go on board, and were much grat-
ified by the inspection of this naval novelty."
Two days later (June 20) they "shipped

MOSES ROGERS, ET. 40.

the wheels and furled the sails and run into the River Murcer, and at 6 P.M. come to anchor off Liverpool with the small bower anchor."

These simple. words are all that were thought necessary to record the successful termination of the daring venture; not a word of boasting, of congratulation, even of thankfulness, does this man of deeds place on record. Fortunately we have details of the manner in which the steamer was received in the

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nor

over him braught in accerdental Deth took | account given by Stephen Rogers already him on board the Ship and put him in a Coffin."

On the 22d of May Captain Rogers "got steam up and at 9 A.M. started" on the transatlantic voyage. Nothing of much interest is detailed in the daily records of the log-book, which are, on the whole, rather monotonous with their repetitions: "These 24 hours begins with" such and such weather. On the 2d of June they "stopped the Wheels to clean the clinkers out of the furnice, a hevy head sea, at 6 P.M. started Wheels again; at 2 A.M. took in the Wheels."

alluded to. He says: "On approaching Liverpool, hundreds of people came off in boats to see her. She was compelled to lay outside the bar till the tide should serve for her to go in. During this time she had her colors all flying, when a boat from a British sloop of war came alongside and hailed. The sailing-master was on deck at the time, and answered. The officer of the boat asked him, 'Where is your master? to which he gave the laconic reply, 'I have no master, Sir.' 'Where's your captain, then?' 'He's below. Do you Land was sighted on June 16, being the wish to see him?' 'I do, Sir.' The capcoast of Ireland, and on the 17th the Savan-tain, who was then below, on being called, nah "was boarded by the King's Cutter Kite, Lieutenant John Bowie."

The log-book here as elsewhere is sternly brief, but fortunately we have in Stephen Rogers's own words a fuller account of the

asked what he wanted, to which the officer answered, 'Why do you wear that pennant, Sir? Because my country allows me to, Sir.' My commander thinks it was done to insult him, and if you don't take it down he

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"On approaching the city, the shipping, piers, and roofs of houses were thronged with persons cheering the adventurous craft. Several naval officers, noblemen, and merchants from London came down to visit her, and were very curious to ascertain her speed, destination, and other particulars."

Rogers

Captain touched en route at Copenhagen, where his vessel excited great curiosity, and also at Stockholm, where she was visited by the royal family, or, in the homely language of the log-book, "His royal highness Oscar Prince of Sweden and Norway come on board." (August 28.) While at Stockholm we find this entry: "Mr. Huse [Christopher Hughes] the American Minister and Lady and all the Furran Minersters and their Laydes at Stockholm come on board"-and at Mr. Hughes's invitation made an excursion among the neighboring islands.

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TEA-KETTLE PRESENTED TO CAPTAIN ROGERS BY LORD LYNEDOCK.

During the sojourn of the Savannah at Liverpool the British public regarded her with suspicion, and the newspapers of the day suggested the idea that "this steam operation may in some manner be connected with the ambitious views of the United States." One journal, recalling the fact that Jerome Bonaparte had offered a large reward to any one who would succeed in rescuing his brother Napoleon from St. Helena, surmised that the Savannah had this undertaking in view.

The steamer remained twenty-five days at Liverpool. Meanwhile the following tragic event is recorded:

"July 19th 1819 These 24 hours begins with fresh breezes and rain. Captain Rogers told Mr Blackman to go on shore after James Bruce and John Smith to get them on board. They would not Come; the watchman put them in the boat, John Smith tried to nock Mr Blackman over board Struck him several times he swore he would take Mr Blackman's life but Mr Blackman got him on board and he denied his duty and then he was put in Irons. Middle and latter part fresh gales at S.W. and rain."

The peculiar way in which this tragedy is ushered in by "breezes and rain," and concluded with "gales at S.W. and rain," is very amusing. Next day we read: "John Smith Still in Irons." But the next day after this we read: "At 5 A.M. took the Irons off John Smith he went to duty." Our chronicler is very considerate not to leave us in doubt as to the termination of this effort to force an obstreperous man to perform his prescribed duties.

On the 5th of September the steamer left Stockholm, with Lord Lynedock,of England, who was then on a tour through the north of Europe, as a distinguished passenger. On the 9th she reached Cronstadt, having used steam the whole passage, and a few days later she arrived at St. Petersburg. Here she was visited, by the invitation of our embassador at that court, by the Russian Lord High Admiral, Marcus de Travys, and other distinguished military and naval officers, who also tested her superior qualities by a trip to Croustadt.

The Savannah lingered at St. Petersburg until October 10, and then set sail on her homeward voyage," in company with about 80 sail of Shiping." She arrived at Savannah, Tuesday, November 30, the weather on that day being "calm and fogy." Shortly after, the steamer was taken to the navyyard at Washington. The object of this visit to the national capital was, in the words of another, "to fix her name and exploits in the minds of prominent men from all parts of the United States, in order to lay a foundation for the defense and maintenance of our claim to that distinction which this craft and her daring commander had unitedly wrought out for our nation upon the mighty deep."

The journal of the voyage continues while at Washington. We transcribe but two more entries:

"Dec 16th 1819 Frank Smith damd and swore at the Captain and struck at the Captain and struck him two or three times and then Smith was put in irons."

The Savannah sailed for St. Petersburg on July 23, "getting under way with Steam," and " a large fleet of Vessels in company." lows:

The last entry in the log-book is as fol

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These 24 | The Emperor of Russia presented him with Sundry a superb gold snuff-box, which is still in the possession of his descendants.

This sketch of the voyage of the Savannah, with the extracts from the log-book, establishes beyond a doubt that America deserves the credit of having been the first to apply steam machinery to the navigation of the Atlantic-an honor which is too often ac

This abrupt termination of the log-book we can not account for. The subsequent history of the Savannah can be told in a few words. On account of the great fire in Savannah her owners were compelled to sell her, and she was purchased to run as a packet between that place and New York, whith-corded to England. Many articles on the er she was bound, under charge of Captain Nathaniel Holdredge, when she was lost on the south side of Long Island.

During his sojourn at European ports Captain Rogers received marked attentions from persons of distinction. While at Stockholm the King of Sweden presented him with a "stone and muller," and Lord Lynedock gave him a massive gold-lined tea-kettle. This relic of the voyage stands before me as I write; it bears the following inscription: Presented to Captain Moses ROGERS, of the Steam-ship Savannah (being the first Steam Vessel that had crossed the Atlantic),

by Sir THOMAS GRAHAM, Lord LYNEDOCK, a Passenger from Stockholm to St. Petersburg. September 15, 1819.

The sailing-master, Stephen Rogers (who, by-the-way, was no relation to the captain, notwithstanding the similarity of names), was also the recipient of valuable favors.

early history of steam navigation have been written which ignore the claims of the Savannah and her enterprising captain.-See the article in the American (Whig) Review, Vol. I., 1845.

In fact, when the steamers Sirius and Great Western arrived in New York Harbor, April 23, 1838, twenty years after the exploit of the Savannah, they were received with extravagant manifestations of delight; and in an editorial of the 24th April (New York Express) reference is made to the "unusual joy and excitement in the city, it being almost universally considered as the beginning of a new era in the history of Atlantic navigation." The achievement of the Savannah was forgotten; her skillful captain no longer lived to claim his rights; but patriotic citizens protested in the public press against losing sight of the just claims of America.

"AND WHO WAS BLENNERHASSET ?"*

ARMAN BLENNERHASSET was born | tions were all royalists, who looked with of his parents was Castle Conway, Ireland, Mr. Blennerhasset had imbibed republican but at the time of his birth they were visit-principles. This made his situation in Ening in England. He received his academic gland very uncomfortable. He therefore education at the Westminster School, in En- resolved to remove to the United States, gland, where he manifested great fondness where he could give free utterance to his for classical studies. He then entered Trin- views. ity College, Dublin, graduating at length with distinguished honors.

A brilliant career seemed before him. He had wealth, rank, and intellectual powers of high order, richly cultivated. In person he was very attractive, and in his manners prepossessing and winning. Having read law at the King's Inn Courts, in Dublin, he was admitted to the bar in 1790. He then left England for the tour of Europe, and on his return nominally assumed practice at the bar in Ireland. But he devoted his time principally to the study of the sciences, music, and general literature.

On leaving London he purchased a large and valuable library, and an extensive chemical and philosophical apparatus. In the year 1797 he landed in New York, with his wife and one child, and soon, through letters which he brought, became acquainted with some of the leading families. wealth, rank, and culture caused his society to be much courted.

His

Hearing in New York of the Eden-like islands in La Belle Rivière, he determined to visit that part of the country. In the autumn of 1797 he crossed the mountains to Pittsburg, and after passing a few weeks there, floated down the Ohio as far as Marietta in one of the flat-bottomed boats then

After the death of his father, in 1796, Mr. Blennerhasset received a large accession to his fortune, and soon after removed to En-in use. gland. His friends were among the highest Fourteen miles farther down the river of the nobility. He married Miss Margaret Agnew, daughter of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Man. His family connec

• William Wirt.

there was a very beautiful island, nearly opposite Belpré. It was singularly wild, lovely, and romantic in its character, and within the jurisdiction of Virginia.

A few acres were free from trees, present

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