ing and acting are to be formed. Precept, lecture, exhortation, are not enough. The daily walk and conversation must be inspected, guarded, and moulded, if practicable, into the purest form. The Bible ought to be studied, and its lessons of wisdom diligently enforced and practically exemplified. I say nothing of creeds, or confessions, or systems of doctrine. I speak of the Bible-the grand charter of our holy religion-of our common Christianity. And who of the great Christian family can object to this? In the heathen schools, youth were always taught the religion of their country. Every Mussulman is required to be master of the Koran. And shall Christian youth be less favoured than the Pagan and Mohammedan? Have we a book bearing the impress of heaven-confessedly embodying the purest morality ever yet known in the world-the only authentick record of the origin of our race, and of the most stupendous events which have occurred upon our globefilled with scenes of real life the most instructive, with biographical incident the most extraordinary and pathetick, with strains of eloquence and poetry the most melting and sublime-and withal professing to be, and acknowledged to be, our only safe guide through life, and the foundation of all our hopes of a blessed immor. tality-shall this book be excluded from our seminaries, and withheld from our youth, at the very period too, when they most need its salutary restraints and purifying influence? And this, lest, peradventure, some speculative error, or some sectarian opinion might be imbibed? As if worse errors, and more inveterate preju dices, and the most pernicious principles, will not be sure to find their way into that heart which remains a stranger to the hallowed precepts of the sacred volume. But I intend to offer no formal argument upon this point just now. In every place of education, the Bible ought to be the daily companion of every individual; and no man ought to be suffered to teach at all who refuses to teach the Bible. "Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it," is the doctrine of revelation, of reason, and of experience. "Should it be thought impracticable or inexpedient to connect with this, or with any other college, such an appendage for the benefit of the poor as I have just pointed at-still, something of the kind might be attempted in another and distinct form, and it may not be unworthy of the serious consideration and patronage of individuals and of the government. The course of instruction should be adapted to the character and destination of the pupils. An education may be perfectly liberal, as I have already intimated, without always embracing the same precise order, kind or amount of studies. Much discretionary latitude will remain with the directors in this as in other matters. "And now, in reference to this topick generally, let it be remembered, that, the particulars which have been specified, need not necessarily enter into any improved system of education. The principle which we have endeavoured to illustrate, admits of an indefinite variety of mo. dification and application. The principle, or, if you please, the genius of the system, is constant employment, under proper direction, so as most effectually to improve every faculty of the pupil, and to fit him, in the best manner, to act well his part in future life. "Let us, then, borrow some ideas from the schools at Hofwyl and Yverdunsomething from the ancient Greeks and Romans-something from our own Military Academies at Norwich and West Pointsomething from the pages of Locke, Milton, Tanaquil, Faber, Knox, and other writers-something from old and existing institutions of whatever kind-something from common sense, from experience, from the character, circumstances, and wants of our youth, from the peculiar genius of our political and religious institutions; and see whether a new gymnasium or seminary may not be established, combining the excellencies and rejecting the faults of all. I seriously submit it to my fellow-citizens, whether this subject be not worthy of more than a passing thought or momentary approbation. Who is prepared to enter fully into its spirit, and to engage heart and hand in the enterprise?" In the following solemn manner, President Lindsley concludes his address: "When I consider the value of a single individual in reference to this life-and still more in reference to a future world— and that his character and his destiny may be fixed for ever in this Seminary-I in voluntarily shrink from the awful charge. What then must be the sensation created by the contemplation of the hundreds and the thousands who will here imbibe those principles, and acquire those habits, which must render them blessings or curses to themselves and to the world? Who is sufficient for these things? No unassisted mortal assuredly. To God we must humbly and devoutly look-to the infinite Fountain of grace and wisdom I must continually look-to the Eternal Giver of every good and perfect gift we must all look for that support and direction which we so eminently need. "May the blessing of Almighty God J 1 rest upon this infant establishment, and crown all our exertions in its behalf with success-that we may ever have abundant reason to remember this day with joy and gratitude-and be encouraged to still greater zeal and activity in the cause which we have begun to espouse under auspices so favourable and promising!" We most cordially join in the sentiments and the petition which are here expressed. It is our prayer and our hope that Cumberland college will prosper greatly, and become a rich and lasting blessing to the immense population which, at no distant day, must inhabit the region within which it occupies a conspicuous and commanding situation. We think that Dr. Lindsley, in accepting the invitation to the honourable, arduous, and responsible station which he now occupies-giving it the preference, as we know he did, to other flattering offers that had been made him did well, and has deserved well of the friends to religion and learning in our country. He has devoted himself to an anxious and laborious, but noble enterprise-to the dissemination of sound literature and genuine piety, in a region through which it is of unspeakable importance to the whole American Union that they should, with as little delay as possible, be diffused and effectually culti vated. He is eminently qualified for his work; he certainly has, for his success, our best wishes and prayers; and we have been highly gratified to hear that the prospect of his ultimately realising his wishes, has of late been more encouraging than he anticipated. We have been told that a number of students, little, if at all, short of seventy, have already been matriculated in Cumberland college; and we perceive by the publick papers that two new Professorships-one denominated the La Fayette, and the other the Jackson Professorship-have very recently been established. Whether the distinguished individuals mentioned have wholly or partially endowed the professorships which are called by their names, we have not learned; but to do so, would, we are sure, be in all respects worthy of their high character and wide spread fame. A more benevolent and important service can never be rendered by any human being to those of his kind, than to increase their knowledge, virtue and pietyto increase them especially, by establishing institutions calculated effectively to promote them in extensive regions, rapidly populating; and from which, by their influence alone, barbarism and vice, with all their attendant train of wretchedness and degradation, can be effectually shut out or banished. We know of no specu lation more interesting to an enlightened and benevolent citizen of the United States, than the contemplation of the probable state of his country a century hence. It is, indeed, not easy to say what that state, in all its various aspects, will probably be, after the lapse of 100 years. But some things are so probable that they ought not to admit of doubt.-A century hence, the population of this country will not fall much, if any thing short, of that of the most populous nation of Europe at present; and if the most efficient measures be not speedily taken and actively prosecuted, to provide for the literary and religious instruction of those who shall then inhabit what are now the frontiers and territories of our country, it will unavoidably happen that they will contain an ignorant and barbarous multitude, whose minds and habits will be in the highest degree unfriendly, not only to good morals and true religion, but to true social principles, civil liberty, and all good go. vernment. Every friend to his country, therefore, ought to regard with deep interest and special favour, all attempts to extend the influence of knowledge and piety into our Northern, Western, and Southern territories, and stand ready to countenance and patronize all such attempts, when well directed, to the utmost of his power. Cumberland college, we seriously think, ought to be aided, in every practicable way, by the enlightened and liberal inhabitants of the Atlantick states. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, etc. to this, the private collection of the authors, the immense number of species contained in the collection late the property of Mr. George Humphrey, and the free access which the liberality of their friends allows to various other cabinets, will enable them to render the above work New Theory of Vision. For the last century, at least, the retina, or membrane which lines the bottom of the eye, has been uniformly assumed by metaphysicians, mathematicians, and physiologists, as the seat of vision. M. Lehot, an officer of a Royal Engineer corps, in a volume which he has recently published in by far the most splendid and complete of Paris, has started a new opinion, and con- its kind. tends that the vitreous humour is the seat of the impression of luminous rays. He denies that there is any direct proof of the popular opinion, that our ideas of external objects are derived from images of them painted on the retina. He argues that the retina is pierced by numerous vessels; that in many animals this membrane is folded; and consequently that its surface is irregular, and incapable of conveying clear and distinct impressions to the mind. Those who suppose the retina to be the immediate seat of vision, he adds, have never been able to explain the power we possess of adapting the eye to different distances; and be announces that his hypothesis has led to the discovery of a mathematical law for the estimation of distances, and the real and apparent magnitude of bodies. Important Work on Conchology.-The Messrs. Sowerbys have recently issued a prospectus of a new work, which has long been wanting in this interesting branch of natural history. They propose to publish in quarterly numbers, descriptions with coloured plates, of all the known species of recent shells. The first number will appear as soon as 100 subscribers shall have signified their intention of pa tronizing the work, which, from the acknowledged abilities of the authors, will (we have no doubt) very soon be done. The descriptions will be given by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, in Latin and English, together with such observations as may be required, and the figures by Mr. J. D. C. Sowerby. The work will be printed on royal quarto, and each number will contain about eighteen highly finished plates, coloured from nature, and comprise about 100 species; so that when complete, there will be descriptions and figures of about 5000 species. The authors are placed in circumstances peculiarly favourable to the production of a work of this kind, from the sale of the celebrated Tankerville collection having been entrusted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby, the possession of which, though necessarily only for a short time, will enable them to secure drawings and descriptions of many shells that could not otherwise be easily obtained. In addition M. Poisson made a report, in the name of Count Chaptal and M. Darcet, on the subject of a memoir of M. Chevreuse, entitled, Recherches Physico-chimiques sur le Carbon M. Chevreuse lays it down as a principle, that the properties of charcoal depend, in every case, solely on the temzation takes place. Thence the division perature at which the process of carboniof charcoals into two classes: the first contains those that are formed at a high temperature; these are excellent conductors of electricity and of heat, and the author of the Memoir proposes that they should be made use of in the construction of the piers of bridges, and of lightning conductors. The second class includes the species of charcoal that are carbonized at a low temperature; these are bad conductors of electricity and of heat, and should be employed in obtaining the charcoal powder used in insulating electrified bodies; they also absorb a much greater quantity of water, &c. The Commissioners appointed to examine the Memoir, recommended the Academy to sanction it by their approval, and to request the author to continue his investigations on the same subject in the Institute in Paris. In England the level beds of certain unproductive canals have been offered for the reception of Rail Ways. Of the only two canals which unite Liverpool and Manchester, the thirty-nine original proprietors of one of them, the Old Quay, have been paid every other' year for half a century, the total amount of their investment; and a share in this canal, which cost only 701., has recently been sold for 1,250. With regard to the other, the late Duke of Bridgewater's, there is good reason to believe that the net income has, for the last twenty years, averaged nearly 100,000l. per annum. The first steam engine used in Manchester, England, was in the year 1790. In the year 1824, there were in that city upwards of 200 engines. In the same place, there are now more than 30,000 looms worked by steam engines. At the close of the year 1814, there was not one in use. By means of the projected Rail Road between Manchester and Liverpool, and the steam boats, the passage from Manchester to Dublin will be reduced in point of time to eighteen or twenty hours. The London Quarterly Review affirms that the number of English in France, does not amount to fifteen thousand, of whom not more than 13, or 1400 are employed as artisans. Nearly one-third of all the wine made in France, costs the maker about three centimes per quart,—in English money, three-tenths of a penny. We have the March number of the London Quarterly Review. It states that Major Laing was on his route from Tripoli, by the caravan, to Timbuctoo, ac. companied by a Tuaric chief well known and highly esteemed. This number contains a very kind article on Washington Irving's works, all of which are highly commended except "Tales of a Traveller." The Reviewer observes "The indulgence which Mr. Irving so fairly deserved at his outset as an ingenious stranger intuitively proficient in the style and ideas of the mother-country, must now cease, and he must be considered in future as not only admitted to the full freedom and privileges of the English guild of authorship, but amenable also, at the same time, as an experienced craftsman, to its most rigorous statutes."-Nat. Gaz. Castorine. The attention that has been paid by chemists to the analysis of vegetable and animal productions, has contributed much to the progress of the healing art. We are indebted to the French chemists in particular for a variety of medici. nal preparations, reduced to a very small volume, very easy of administration, and of an uniform composition. M. Bizio has lately extracted from castor that on which the properties of the drug depends, and has called it Castorine. It possesses the same odour as castor; its taste is something like that of a weak solution of copper; it has no acid or alkaline property; it is insoluble in cold water, and dissolves very little in boiling water. It is also insoluble in alcohol, but dissolves in the volatile oils, ammonia, and magnesia. It is prepared by boiling one part of castor, finely powdered, in six parts of alcohol; and having filtered the solution, this substance is deposited in the form of globules, which may be afterwards purified by washing it with cold alcohol. The Alexandria Herald of the 27th inst. contains the following information concerning the progress of an attempt which has a degree of general importance. "Mr. Disbrow, who has been employed by our corporation for the last two weeks in boring for water, has reached upwards of ninety feet depth, and perseveres in full confidence of success. He has passed through a great variety of strata, sand, clay, gravel, mud, sulphate of iron, &c. At the depth of about forty feet, he met with quicksand, which it was apprehended would prove very troublesome, but Mr. D. soon surmounted the difficulties which it threatened. At the distance of between sixty and eighty feet, the boring implements brought up pieces of wood, such as elm, white oak and locust, &c. some of which were in a perfect state of preservation, particularly the white oak and locust, and what is very remarkable, the hull of a hickory nut, as sound and firm as if buried but a few weeks, instead of, no doubt, many centuries." has made a very interesting discovery, for Dr. Bernhard, of Larris, in Germany, which he has received a patent. It consists in obtaining from animal substances, of which hitherto no use has been made, a product perfectly similar to leather. A manufacture has been established at Gumbold, near Vienna, where this new species of industry is practised with the greatest activity. This discovery of Dr. Bernhard is the more important, as the composition is capable, when in a fluid state, of being formed into boots and shoes. Return of Major Denham.-We feel great pleasure in announcing the safe arrival in Tripoli of this gallant and enterprising officer and his companions, from Bornou, in central Africa, after a residence of 18 months, with the Scheik of that powerful and extensive kingdom. A letter which we have seen says, "We shall leave this place in a few days for England, and are happy in stating that we have been successful beyond our hopes." A new translation of the Bible into French, in twenty-five volumes, by M. Genonde, has just made its appearance in Paris. The principal value of this publication consists in the notes, which contain refutations of all the objections drawn by the sceptics of the last century, from hismathematics. tory, geography, chronology, physics, and Columbus.-The King of Spain has just authorised the printing of the Autographi cal Journal of Christopher Columbus, and those of several other illustrious Naviga tors, which have been preserved in the Escurial with the most religious care, but which no one has hitherto been allowed to peruse. This publication will be very serviceable to geographical science. Mitford, the historian of Greece, intended to publish, at London, in the course of the present month, an octavo volume, on the Religions of Ancient Greece. The Academy of St. Petersburg has completed and published, in six volumes, its grand Dictionary of the Russian language. An intelligent farmer of this town has communicated to us, what, he says, is an effectual remedy against injury to horses and cattle which may have eaten too much grain. It is simply to administer a pint of melted hog's lard, as soon as the fact is discovered. He says he has tried the experiment a number of times, and always with success.-Norridgewock Jour. The only leaf wanting to complete the most ancient book of Records in England, the Doomsday book, has been lately found at Nettlecombe. Keligious Intelligence. DOMESTICK. We perceive by a perusal of the various missionary details, given in the numerous publications of which they form the principal part, that the great and glorious enterprise of evangelizing the world, by which our age is distinguished, is in general making a successful progress in every part of the world, except in the Russian empire, and in places where the Pope and the Grand Senior have an influence. We have observed, however, nothing of great importance, of which the substance-which is all that we can ever give-has not been exhibit ed in our pages; unless it be the lamented death of the Rev. EPAPHRAS CHAPMAN. He was a missionary of the United Foreign Missionary Society, and was stationed at Hopefield, a missionary station in the Osage tribe of Indians. He died at Union, on the 7th of January last, of typhus fever, after a short illness. We hope hereafter to give a short memoir of this excellent man and faithful missionary; who, it appears, fell a victim to his zeal and exertions in his Master's service. In the mean time we give from the Missionary Register the following narrative, contained in a letter from Dr. Palmer, of the Union Mission. "In connexion with Br. Vaill's letter of the 13th inst. concerning the lamented death of Mr. Chapman, I have thought it might be interesting to the Board to add • This letter has not been received. some farther particulars of his last sickness, together with a short statement of the means employed for his recovery. When he returned from Br. Pixley's, he came to Union, that, as he said, he might have the advantages of constant medical attention; also, that he might be better accommodated to go through a serious illness, which he thought was unavoidable. I immediately examined him, and found him labouring under a severe inflammation in the face, attended with a painful throbbing of the head, which he said usually increased towards evening. He appeared also much fatigued and worn down with his journey. From the history he gave of his complaint, I had no doubt that he took a cold the first day he set out on his journey to brother P.'s, which caused the inflammation in his face, and which appeared to be very much aggravated by his constant exposure to cold and stormy weather during his journey. Under these circumstances he was advised to rest a few days, and as the inflammation in his face began to be less painful, it was my confident opinion that he would soon be well. But it was observed that the throbbing sensation in his head, and his evening exacerbations, did not subside with the inflammation in his face; and that a kind of morbid irritation of the arterial system, which existed at first in a less degree, was now increasing upon him. The daily use of moderate cathartics was prescribed, and in order to allay the irritability of the vascular system, he took frequent doses of antispasmodicks, conjoined with opiates, for several days toge ther. This treatment at first seemed beneficial, and he expressed himself somewhat relieved. On the 29th of December, however, he suddenly grew worse. There, was a great prostration of strength, weak pulse, furred tongue, difficulty of breathing, and occasionally delirium. This t was led to consider an attack of the typhus fever, consequently the former remedies |