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BOARDERS

Of tenants, removable under warrant of dispossession...
Taking of, a trade or business in certain cases..

BOILER

Overhauling; as operating expense.

and repairs; tests of accuracy of bills of particulars

PAGE

66

62-63

228

180

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.50, 72, 316-320

Stay of warrants of dispossession in....

Summary proceedings in non-payment cases under emergency law.... 107

BUILDING OPERATIONS, COSTS OF

Increase in, 1913-1920....

25

26

BURDEN OF PROOF (See also PROOF)

Defense of unreasonableness leaves burden of proof with tenant...... 189
Rests upon landlord in suit for reasonable rental value of premises..188,
209, 307

BUSINESS

Premises leased for, and later used for residence.

Hold over in premises used for, held to have agreed to pay increase
of rent after due notice thereof......

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Premises used for purposes of, not under protection of "emergency
laws"..

Premises used for, with living rooms connected, distinguished..

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Discrimination against families with, made a misdemeanor by L.

1921, ch. 298...

Of tenant, removable under warrant of dispossession..

.46, 297

66

CIVIL PRACTICE ACT

Article 83, §§ 1410-1447, "Summary proceedings to recover possession

of real property".

In effect, October 1, 1921.

Provisions as to entry of judgment upon default.

CLERK OF COURT

PAGE

.331-354

.52, 331
.244-246

Cannot delay landlord in right to a warrant or extend time of tenant

to pay......

255

Depository, authorized, of sums adjudged due in summary proceed-

ings....

41

Depository in reasonable rent actions....

249

Issuance of warrant by clerk without authority, conflicting decisions. 131
Required to enter judgment in actions for rent..

243-246

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CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

Replaced by Civil Practice Act, October 1, 1921.....

COLLECTION OF RENTS

Expense of, tests of accuracy of bill of particulars..

COMPETENCY

Of witness (See EXPERT TESTIMONY)

COMPETITION (See DEMAND AND SUPPLY)

COMPLAINT

Drafting of, in action to recover rent....

CONFISCATION

Emergency laws not intended to be confiscatory.

52

179, 181

205

ix

CONSIDERATION

Paid by landlord, to be stated in statutory bill of particulars..166, 305,
324, 325, 329

CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE "EMERGENCY" LAWS.. viii, 53, 54

CONSTRUCTION (See INTERPRETATION)

CONSTRUCTIVE EVICTION (See SERVICES TO TENANTS)

COOPERATIVE OWNERSHIP CORPORATIONS

Actions in ejectment by, under Civil Practice Act...
Summary proceedings by, against tenants holding over..
Summary proceedings, discussion of provisions of statute...

COSTS

PAGE

.52, 101, 301
..51, 321, 334

.88-93

In reasonable rent actions, granted only in event plaintiff recover the
full amount demanded in the complaint. . . . . . . ....256, 312, 315
In summary proceedings, recovery of counsel fees and disbursements

refused..

138, 346

In summary proceedings, successful party entitled to taxable dis-
bursements and fees....

COUNTERCLAIMS (See also DEFENSES)

....138, 346

Court may give affirmative judgment for amount due on......113, 281
Failure of landlord to make repairs provided for by lease as ground for 261
In actions in ejectment...

.41, 284

In summary proceeding, no limitation on amount recoverable on in
Municipal Court, New York City...

33, 116

Interposition of in reasonable rent actions does not avoid necessity

for deposit...

249

Judgment for excess where counterclaim interposed, upon default.... 245
Under Laws of 1920, Chapter 132....

COVENANTS

.39, 113-116, 281

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but not summary proceedings..
both remedies in certain cases..

give landlord right to bring an ejectment suit, in event of
breach of........

263

263

263

landlord may not recover fees of attorney for enforcing...
"personal," new owners not bound thereby, unless lease so

264

provides...

261

In leases, providing that landlord may terminate the term in event he
sells, by giving notice of specified duration.....

270

"personal" with landlord who makes it. .

271

Renewal...

272

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For failure of landlord to make repairs agreed upon in lease.....
measure of such damages, cost to tenant of making such repairs
himself......

261

261

tenant may bring an independent action to recover, or..

261

set up amount as a counterclaim...

261

For willful failure of landlord to furnish services..
Liability of tenant willfully holding over, repeal of 1774 act by L.
1920, ch. 138....

269

.41-42

Liability of tenant holding over, relying upon emergency laws, but
dispossessed...

103

DECISION

Form...

DECORATIONS

By landlord, voluntary and not a legal obligation..
Tests of accuracy of bills of particulars..

DEFAULT

.388-389

260
182-183

In payment of rent, summary proceedings permitted only when rent
demanded is no greater than that for the month previous..... 107
In payment of taxes agreed to be paid by tenant.......
In summary proceedings, Court may vacate dispossess warrants..45,

Judgment by,

48

131, 293

in action to recover rent, clerk to enter judgment....

.243, 244

in action to recover reasonable rental value, proof of cause of
action must be made...

..243, 245

tenant must pay full amount adjudicated within five days after
entry and service of judgment....

....242, 305, 325, 329

Power conferred upon N. Y. C. Municipal Court to vacate warrant
issued upon default..

DEFENSES (See also COUNTERCLAIMS)

In non-payment summary proceedings..
In summary proceedings generally...

.247, 306, 325, 329

.112-122, 323, 325, 328, 335
113, 281

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renewal of lease on old terms, promise by landlord of...

waiver of notice by subsequent acceptance of rent.

Of duress, under common-law, discussion..

statutory, discussion...

113, 281

113, 281

115

115

115

114

114

115

154-157

158

Of unreasonableness, created by "emergency" laws....116-122,139–158,
302, 304, 325, 329

available even though term of lease extends beyond Nov. 1, 1922. 141
available as to leases made between April 1st and September 27,

1920, but not prior....

available to new tenants..

122, 143, 145

.145, 192

188

251

burden of proof of establishing defense rests on tenant.
court must strike out, if defendant fails to make deposit..
defense not debarred by payment of rent; but by three successive
payments after commencement of term of lease and after
Apr. 30, 1921....
.118, 151, 153-4, 309, 325, 329
deposit of rent to be made by tenant interposing the defense..117,
248, 306, 309, 325, 329

152-153

landlord may plead "fair and reasonable" rent..117, 302, 305,

estoppel of tenant because of repairs made by landlord probably
a question of fact in each case...
failure of tenants to assert defense promptly..
judgment for tenant if established in action to recover rent.... 206
landlord not precluded from bringing a new action for reasonable
rent......

153

206

325, 329

148

151

not necessary in actions for use and occupation.....
pleading of by tenant, does not disaffirm the contract..
unreasonableness of rent and oppressiveness of agreement a
single defense.

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